In the material testing laboratory, a Charpy impact test was performed on three different types (hot,cold,and steel alloy)of steels testing each variety at four different temperatures (32°C(RT), 100°C,0°C and -22°C ). From results (shown below), we determined that the a transition is from ductile failures to brittle failures
This is my Lab Report of Tensile Test when I was conducting engineering material lab in Sampoerna University. Feel free to download for a reference.
I know it is not a good report, but I hope this share might help you to find something you need.
Thank you.
This document gives the class notes of Unit 2 stresses in composite sections. Subject: Mechanics of materials.
Syllabus contest is as per VTU, Belagavi, India.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
In the material testing laboratory, a Charpy impact test was performed on three different types (hot,cold,and steel alloy)of steels testing each variety at four different temperatures (32°C(RT), 100°C,0°C and -22°C ). From results (shown below), we determined that the a transition is from ductile failures to brittle failures
This is my Lab Report of Tensile Test when I was conducting engineering material lab in Sampoerna University. Feel free to download for a reference.
I know it is not a good report, but I hope this share might help you to find something you need.
Thank you.
This document gives the class notes of Unit 2 stresses in composite sections. Subject: Mechanics of materials.
Syllabus contest is as per VTU, Belagavi, India.
Notes Compiled By: Hareesha N Gowda, Assistant Professor, DSCE, Bengaluru-78.
Subject Name: Testing of Materials (TOM)
Subject code: OML751
Unit I: Introduction to Materials Testing
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final year, VII Semester.
Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna university syllabus; R-2017]
Impact Testing of metals is performed to determine the impact resistance or toughness of materials by calculating the amount of energy absorbed during fracture. The impact test is performed at various temperatures to uncover any effects on impact energy. These services provide test results that can be very useful in assessing the suitability of a material for a specific application and in predicting its expected service life.
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
This topic provides an understanding on the purposes of materials testing and deformities in certain materials. It also explains on the definition and principle on mechanical properties of materials, destructive and non-destructive tests.
Tensile, Impact and Hardness Testing of Mild SteelGulfam Hussain
The main purpose of this report is to study the mechanical properties and
failure mode of mild steel. Three types of standard tests i.e. tensile test, impact
test, and hardness test were conducted on the standard specimens of mild steel.
From the tests, results were obtained; Tensile strength, Impact strength, and
hardness were calculated. It was observed that Tensile Strength, Impact Strength
and Hardness of MS specimen were 1450.833 N/mm², 29.5 J & 59.25 HRB.
1. OBJECT
The hardness test is a mechanical test for material properties which are used in engineering
design, analysis of structures, and materials development. The principal purpose of the
hardness test is to determine the suitability of a material for a given application, or the
particular treatment to which the material has been subjected. The ease with which the
hardness test can be made has made it the most common method of inspection for metals and
alloys.
Subject Name: Testing of Materials (TOM)
Subject code: OML751
Unit I: Introduction to Materials Testing
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final year, VII Semester.
Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna university syllabus; R-2017]
Impact Testing of metals is performed to determine the impact resistance or toughness of materials by calculating the amount of energy absorbed during fracture. The impact test is performed at various temperatures to uncover any effects on impact energy. These services provide test results that can be very useful in assessing the suitability of a material for a specific application and in predicting its expected service life.
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
This topic provides an understanding on the purposes of materials testing and deformities in certain materials. It also explains on the definition and principle on mechanical properties of materials, destructive and non-destructive tests.
Tensile, Impact and Hardness Testing of Mild SteelGulfam Hussain
The main purpose of this report is to study the mechanical properties and
failure mode of mild steel. Three types of standard tests i.e. tensile test, impact
test, and hardness test were conducted on the standard specimens of mild steel.
From the tests, results were obtained; Tensile strength, Impact strength, and
hardness were calculated. It was observed that Tensile Strength, Impact Strength
and Hardness of MS specimen were 1450.833 N/mm², 29.5 J & 59.25 HRB.
1. OBJECT
The hardness test is a mechanical test for material properties which are used in engineering
design, analysis of structures, and materials development. The principal purpose of the
hardness test is to determine the suitability of a material for a given application, or the
particular treatment to which the material has been subjected. The ease with which the
hardness test can be made has made it the most common method of inspection for metals and
alloys.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Unit-II Mechanical Testing
Subject Name: OML751 Testing of Materials
Topics: Various Mechanical Tests [Hardness, Tensile, Impact, Bend, Shear, Creep & Fatigue]
B.E. Mechanical Engineering
Final Year, VII Semester, Open Elective Subject
[As per Anna University R-2017]
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. Presentation on
ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST
Presented By
Kazi Noor-E-Asfia (148015)
Miraz Hossain Akash (148016)
Afrin Sadia (148017)
Abu Bakar Siddique (148018)
Prangon Das (148019)
Aparajita Talukder (148020)
Department of Mechatronics Engineering,
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
2. Contents
Objectives
Required apparatus
Theory
Figure of the machine
Working principle
Data table
Result
Discussion and conclusion
2
3. Objectives
To determine the Rockwell hardness number of
various metal specimens.
To develop an understanding of suitable scales for
hardness test specimens.
3
4. Required Apparatus
10 Kg Rockwell Hardness Tester Machine
Cast iron material
Brass
Copper
Aluminum
Diamond cone head
1/16 inch ball head.
4
5. Why name ROCKWELL HARDNESS?
On February 11, 1919, Hugh Rockwell and Stanly
Rockwell received a patent for the Rockwell hardness
tester.
A device for measuring the resistance of metallic materials
to force.
5
6. Theory
Hardness is defined as the resistance of a metal to
permanent deformation of it’s surface.
This deformation may be in the form of scratching,
indentation or cutting.
Sometimes there is a direct connection between the
hardness and few other mechanical properties.
So, by knowing the hardness number we can find out the
tensile strength of the specimen
6
7. In This Experiment
In this experiment we measured the average hardness
number of the following materials :
Cast Iron.
Brass
Copper &
Aluminum
7
9. Theory
In both figure the ball having a diameter of ‘d’ in the indenter,
which is pressed against a piece of metal.
For the same load P, the indentations will be different for the
soft and hard materials.
For the above two cases h2<h1, i.e., mat.2 is harder than mat.1.
Indentation depends upon load(P) indenter diameter(d) time
during which load is applied(t) and the hardness of the
material(H).
If P, d & t are kept constant then it is a function of hardness
only.
9
10. Rockwell Hardness Tester10
The tester is composed of
(i) machine body,
(ii)Penetrator,
(iii)loading and unloading mechanism,
(iv)measurement mechanism,
(v)load changeover mechanism,
(vi)specimen support mechanism and so
on.
11. Description11
The machine body is the shell of the tester, where other parts are fitted directly
or indirectly onto the machine body.
The total test force is composed of main test force plus preliminary test force which is
produced by the weight of parts including larger lever and main shaft.
The top end-face of penetrator bears the total test force and the sharp tip penetrates into
the surface of the object to be tested.
The load changeover handle regulates the positions of weight changeover support
bracket resulting in different composition of weights.
The loading handle is to apply main test force.
The unloading handle can be pushed back to remove the main test force.
Test value can be read directly from the indication dial gauge.
The specimen support mechanism includes worktable, elevating screw and hand wheel
which is used for bearing hardness blocks and the parts to be tested.
12. Working Principle
1. SELECTING THE HEAD AND TEST BLOCK
Hardened steel and hard alloys like Cast Iron were tested in the
Rockwell C scale, using a diamond cone as head and a 150 kg major
load. Brass was tested in B scale, using a 1/16” ball as head and a 100
kg major load. Copper was tested in F scale, using a 1/16” ball as head
and 60 kg major load. Aluminum was tested in H scale. Using a 1/16”
ball as head and 60 kg major load.
12
13. Working Principle
2. SETTING UP THE TESTER
The head was placed in the holding chuck and the workbench was also
put in the anvil.
3. APPLYING MINOR LOAD
To apply minor load the hand wheel was turning slowly to bring the
indicator hand to the line marked SET.
13
14. Working Principle
4. APPLYING MAJOR LOAD
After the minor load , an additional load was applied to reach the total
required test load. This force was held for a predetermined amount of
time to allow for elastic recovery. This major load is then released and
the final position was measured against the position derived from the
minor load, the indentation depth varies between the preload and major
load value. This distance is converted to a hardness number.
14
16. Result
Average Hardness number of cast iron = 40.667 HRC
Average Hardness number of brass = 31.33 HRB
Average Hardness number of copper = 17.67 HRF
Average Hardness number of aluminum = 20.33 HRH
16
17. Discussion
An analog machine has it's drawbacks. Since the readings
were taken manually, accuracy wasn't ensured. The weigh
scale was positioned at a higher level unlike the dial gauge
which may have resulted in more errors. The 1/8inch ball
wasn't available so 1/16 inch ball was used instead. The
specimen were old and reused from time to time which
may result in slight changes of hardness property.
17
18. Conclusion
The Rockwell Hardness number of the given specimen cast
iron, brass, copper, aluminum were determined by this
experiment. The specimen were differentiated according to
their hardness scale obtained by the experiment. This scale is
a good parameter for material selection with suitable loading
for construction of different objects.
18