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Physical mechanical chemcial properties of materials
1. Get the box of StuffGet the box of Stuff
Wood, steel, aluminum, melamineWood, steel, aluminum, melamine
2. Properties of MaterialsProperties of Materials
Goal: Students will be able toGoal: Students will be able to
describe various physicaldescribe various physical
properties that materials haveproperties that materials have
3. DiscussionDiscussion
differentiate between chemical anddifferentiate between chemical and
physical propertiesphysical properties
At your tables list examples of chemicalAt your tables list examples of chemical
and physical properties.and physical properties.
I will call on each table and make a list ofI will call on each table and make a list of
all the ones we can think of.all the ones we can think of.
4. Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
how a material interacts with anotherhow a material interacts with another
materialmaterial
““social” behaviorsocial” behavior
response to other matter (or lack ofresponse to other matter (or lack of
response)response)
reactionsreactions
5. Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
Examples:Examples:
burningburning
reaction with acidreaction with acid
reaction with waterreaction with water
corrosion/rusting/oxidationcorrosion/rusting/oxidation
others????others????
6. Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
characteristics it possesses by itselfcharacteristics it possesses by itself
(in and of itself)(in and of itself)
““personal” traitspersonal” traits
response to energyresponse to energy
8. Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
ElectricalElectrical propertiesproperties
conductor or insulatorconductor or insulator
OpticalOptical properties – response to lightproperties – response to light
index ofindex of refractionrefraction – bending of light– bending of light
transparenttransparent – light passes through– light passes through
translucenttranslucent – some light passes through but no– some light passes through but no
distinct imagedistinct image
opaqueopaque – no light passes through– no light passes through
9.
10. Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
ThermalThermal properties – response to heatproperties – response to heat
conductivityconductivity
specific heat – how much energy it takes tospecific heat – how much energy it takes to
change temperaturechange temperature
thermal expansion –thermal expansion – example: iron wireexample: iron wire
demodemo
11. Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties
subgroup of physicalsubgroup of physical
response to force or stressresponse to force or stress
forceforce – a push or pull– a push or pull
stressstress – force causing a deformation or– force causing a deformation or
distortion (force per unit area)distortion (force per unit area)
12. Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties
ExamplesExamples
workabilityworkability
malleabilitymalleability – can be flattened– can be flattened
ductilityductility – can be drawn into wire– can be drawn into wire
(stretched), bent, or extruded(stretched), bent, or extruded
13. Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties
ExamplesExamples
brittlenessbrittleness
breaks instead of deforming when stress isbreaks instead of deforming when stress is
appliedapplied
hardnesshardness
resistance to denting or scratchingresistance to denting or scratching
14. Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties
ExamplesExamples
elasticityelasticity
ability to return to original shape afterability to return to original shape after
being deformed by stressbeing deformed by stress
rubber ball or piece of elasticrubber ball or piece of elastic
plasticityplasticity
retains new shape after being deformed byretains new shape after being deformed by
stressstress
wet clay ball or piece of saran wrapwet clay ball or piece of saran wrap
15. Some of the propertiesSome of the properties
At your tables you will find some signsAt your tables you will find some signs
with different physical properties.with different physical properties.
Go around between tables and answer theGo around between tables and answer the
questions on a separate piece of paper.questions on a separate piece of paper.
16. Index of Refraction
Question. What two materials here have a similar index of refraction?
(the three materials are glass, HDPE, and mineral oil)
Electrical conductivity
What materials here are non-conductive electrically?
(the materials are brass, copper coated steel, wax, glass and carbon fiber)
Hardness
Which material here is the hardest?
(Pine and Melamine)
17.
18. Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties
ExamplesExamples
toughnesstoughness
ability to absorb energyability to absorb energy
resistance to fractureresistance to fracture
strengthstrength
resistance to distortion by stress or forceresistance to distortion by stress or force
several types: tensile, compressive,several types: tensile, compressive,
torsional, bending, sheartorsional, bending, shear
19. Types of Stresses/ForcesTypes of Stresses/Forces
TensionTension
pullingpulling
examples:examples: tug-of-war, slingshottug-of-war, slingshot
CompressionCompression
pushing together or squeezingpushing together or squeezing
examples:examples: bed springs, can crusher, bench visebed springs, can crusher, bench vise
34. Free writeFree write
On a piece of paper please describeOn a piece of paper please describe
various physical and chemical propertiesvarious physical and chemical properties
that material's have. If you can includethat material's have. If you can include
how you could test those physicalhow you could test those physical
properties.properties.
Editor's Notes
Burning – strike a match and burn a piece of paper – burn a piece of magnesium – “burn” a copper wire
Drop a piece of zinc in HCl
3. Show clip of sodium in water????
http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/20.html - videos
Demo – viscosity tubes
Pyrite for luster
1. Use a digital meter on a conductor and on an insulator
2. Index of refraction – how much light bends as it passes through a substance – example: standing in waist deep water or a pencil in a beaker of water, remind students of water gel crystals we did at beginning of year
show examples of all 3 – use glass or plastic – show a Corelle plate
http://webphysics.davidson.edu/faculty/dmb/EdibleOpticalMaterials/find_n_background.htm
http://gr5.org/index_of_refraction/
Conductivity – have them touch a table leg (wood) and a chair leg (metal) at the same time – discuss – use Ed. In. melt blocks
Specific heat – metals have low – doesn’t take much energy to heat them up or cool them down – ceramics/glass are higher – water is very high (reason it is used in cooling systems)
Ball and ring, bimetallic strip, piston and sleeve
Malleability - (show students a rolled penny)
Ductility - (show drawn wire)
Show Play doh fun factory for extrusion
http://www.chem-pics.co.uk/animations.htm
Brittleness – snap a piece of chalk
Hardness - pass around talc
(do a metal hardness test demo – dent metal plates using a heavy weight w/ a ball bearing attached – make a shading of the dents and measure their width w/ a caliper – rank the metals)
Show happy/sad balls
Show poppers????
(toss a metal piece - scoopula, plastic water bottle, unglazed dried clay (in a baggie), a test tube (in a baggie), Corelle plate) – metals and polymers tend to exhibit more toughness than ceramics or glass – Corelle is an exception
http://www.wmtr.com/Content/charpy.htm
Excellent simulation - http://www.steeluniversity.org/content/html/eng/charpy-test.asp
Also use the 2 overheads
(demo – break a piece of chalk w/ torsion)
stress/strain stuff - OSU
Properties of industrial materials PP - OSU
3. Strength and elongation graphs - Cambridge