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Material Science And Engineering
The document discusses engineering materials and their properties. It begins by defining engineering materials as the selection of appropriate materials for engineered parts based on their required properties. It then classifies engineering materials into metals and alloys, non-metals, ceramics, glasses, composites. Key mechanical and physical properties of materials are outlined including hardness, toughness, thermal and electrical conductivity. Common material testing methods like tensile tests are described which measure properties such as yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility. Different material grades are discussed along with advantages of metallic materials.
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Material Science And Engineering
- 1. PRESENTED BY- NAME -SOUMYABRATA BASAK ROLL - 14MS06005 08/22/14 1 Engineering Materials and Properties
- 2. Definition Of MaterialsOf Engineering Materials of Engineering refers to selecting the correct materials for the application in which the engineered part is being used. This selection process includes choosing the material, paying attention to its specific type or grade based on the required properties. SMMME 208/22/14
- 3. SMMME 3 Material Selection Function MaterialShape Process Material selection and process cannot be separated from the shape and the function of the product, two way interaction. Function dictates the choice of material and shape. Process interacts with shape. Process is influenced by material Shape restricts the choice of material and process. 08/22/14
- 4. SMMME 4 Engineering MaterialsClassification Engineering Materials Metals & Alloy Non Metals Steel Stainless steel Cast iron Ferrous Non-ferrous Aluminum Copper Zinc Titanium Tungsten Thermoplastics Acrylic Nylon ABS Polyethylene Polycarbonate PVC Thermosets Phenolic Polymide Polyester Elastomers Rubber Polyurethane Silicone 08/22/14
- 5. SMMME 5 Engineering Materials Materials MetalsNon Metals Ceramics Glass Carbides Nitrides Oxides Graphite Diamond Glasses Glass ceramics Composites Reinforced plastics Metal-Matrix Ceramic-Matrix Laminates 08/22/14
- 6. SMMME 6 Properties ofMaterials Properties of Materials Metallurgical/Mechanical Properties Hardness Hardness Toughness Fatigue (cyclic load) Creep (temp / time) Physical & chemical Properties Thermal conductivity Thermal expansion Electrical conductivity Magnetic properties Corrosion Density Melting point 08/22/14
- 7. 7 • Tensile stress,σ: • Shear stress, τ: Area, A Ft Ft σ = Ft Ao original area before loading Area, A Ft Ft Fs F F Fs τ = Fs Ao Stress has units: N/m2 or lb/in2 Engineering Stress 08/22/14 SMMME 7
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- 9. SMMME 9 Material Strength StandardTensile Test Standard Specimen Ductile Steel (low carbon) Sy – yield strength Su – fracture strength σ (stress) = Load / Area ε (strain) = (change in length) / (original length) 08/22/14
- 10. 10 F δ bonds stretch return to initial 1. Initial2. Small load 3. Unload Elastic means reversible. Elastic Deformation 08/22/14 SMMME
- 11. 11 1. Initial 2.Small load 3. Unload Plastic means permanent. planes still sheared F δelastic + plastic bonds stretch & planes shear δplastic Plastic Deformation (Metals) 08/22/14 SMMME
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- 13. (c)2003 Brooks/Cole, adivision of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. 1. Localized deformation of a ductile material during a tensile test produces a necked region. 2.The image shows necked region in a fractured sample 08/22/14 SMMME 13
- 14. SMMME 14 Material Strength Differentgrade of steel Plastics 08/22/14 Natural Rubber
- 15. SMMME 15 • -the extent of plastic deformation that a material undergoes before fracture, measured as a percent elongation of a material. % elongation = (final length, at fracture – original length) / original length Ductility Common Mechanical Properties • – the highest stress a material can withstand and still return exactly to its original size when unloaded. Yield Strength (Sy) • - the greatest stress a material can withstand, fracture stress. Ultimate Strength (Su) • - the slope of the straight portion of the stress-strain curve. Modulus of elasticity (E) • - the capacity of a material to absorb energy within the elastic zone (area under the stress-strain curve in the elastic zone) Resilience • - the total capacity of a material to absorb energy without fracture (total area under the stress-strain curve in the elastic zone) Toughness 08/22/14
- 16. 08/22/14 SMMME 16 Metals Themost common materials characteristics which are useful in design, production purpose in various Industries are :- • Conduct electricity and heat. • Have relatively high melting point, some metal alloys can withstand temp. up to 2200 o C. • Metals are ductile, they can be shaped by extrusion (hot or cold), rolling, forging and drawing. • Metals are easy to machine with precision. • Metals are strong, stiff, and tough. • They can be made stronger by alloying and heat treatment. • Metals are vulnerable to corrosion.
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- 18. References • www.wikipedia.org (collectionof theory) • www.google.com (photo collection) • Materials Science And Engineering- Callister’s • Physical Metallurgy-V.Raghavan • Mechanical Metallurgy-George E. Dieter 08/22/14 SMMME 18
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