This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
This is a seminar conducted by 4th year medical student under supervision of a lecturer. Sorry for not attaching the references.
Information were from few textbooks, google and also from previous dermatology posting group's seminar.
Melasma| Melasma and its Treatment| Facial Pigmentation| Post-Pregnancy Pigm...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Melasma, Pigmentation on facial skin, most commonly occur on the face of female and in Dark Skin Races.
Treatment for melasma, Sun protection, avoid waxing, Tretinoin, Hydroquinone, Corticosteroid, Azeloic Acid, Glycolic Acid, Chemical Peels, Microdermabrasion, Laser Intensed Pulse Light,
Biochemistry of Hair fall, A complete review of hair fall cause, Types, Current methods of treatment, Natural methods of treatment,
for more detail text see :https://iiopinion.blogspot.in/2017/01/hair-fall-scientific-way-of-treatment.html
Melasma| Melasma and its Treatment| Facial Pigmentation| Post-Pregnancy Pigm...Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Melasma, Pigmentation on facial skin, most commonly occur on the face of female and in Dark Skin Races.
Treatment for melasma, Sun protection, avoid waxing, Tretinoin, Hydroquinone, Corticosteroid, Azeloic Acid, Glycolic Acid, Chemical Peels, Microdermabrasion, Laser Intensed Pulse Light,
Biochemistry of Hair fall, A complete review of hair fall cause, Types, Current methods of treatment, Natural methods of treatment,
for more detail text see :https://iiopinion.blogspot.in/2017/01/hair-fall-scientific-way-of-treatment.html
Acne is a very common skin disease that can occur on many areas of the body and can develop at any age. Face acne is very common, but chest acne and back acne, as well as acne on the scalp, neck, shoulders, and upper arms are also ordinary. Acne is a disease that affects the skin's oil glands (Pilosebaceous unit). The small holes in your skin (pores) connect to oil glands under the skin. These glands make an oily substance called sebum. The pores connect to the glands by a canal called a follicle. Inside the follicles, oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin. A thin hair also grows through the follicle and out to the skin. When the follicle of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows. Most pimples are found on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Acne is not a serious health threat, but it can cause permanent pits and scars....
For more information regarding Acne and other skin diseases please visit www.pureayurvedictreatment.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Rosacea is a chronic (long-term) disease
that affects the skin and sometimes the eyes. The disorder is characterized by
redness, pimples, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin. Rosacea usually
affects the face. Skin on other parts of the upper body is only rarely
involved.
Phisical treatments in Vitiligo - Prof. Lotti Torello, MDVR Foundation
Melanocytes are not completely absent in the depigmented epidermis
Comment:
A subpopulation of “resistant” epidermal melanocytes can persist independent of disease duration
Repigmentation can always occur independent of disease duration and with non-perifollicular pattern
Approach to a case of diffuse hair loss in females
. Anagen effluvium-
(a)Dystrophic
(b)Loose anagen hair
2. Telogen effluvium –
(a)acute telogen effluvium
(b)Chronic telogen effluvium
3. Female pattern hair loss
Primary CTE –represents a primary disorder and is a diagnosis of exclusion.
Secondary CTE- secondary to variety of systemic disorders.
Iron deficiency
Other deficiency –protein calorie malnutrition ,zinc deficiency
Thyroid diseases
Metabolic diseases-chronic liver or renal failure, advanced malignancy, pancreatic disease and upper GI disorder with malabsorption
SLE and other connective tissue disorders.
HIV infection
Drug induced
1. Cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas
A) Primarily with stripe-like infiltration (the majority of cases)
Lymphomatoid drug eruption (most cases);
Lymphomatoid contact dermatitis;
Actinic reticuloid;
Nodular scabies (individual cases);
Idiopathic forms;
Clonal cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphomas.
B) Primarily with nodular infiltration (a small percentage
of the cases)
Drug-induced – mainly by anti-convulsive drugs
Persistent nodules after insect bites;
Nodular scabies (the majority of cases).
2. Cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas (with nodular infiltration)
Cutaneous lymphocytoma from Borrelia burgdorferi;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma after antigens injection;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma resulting from tattoo;
Cutaneous lymphocytoma after Herpes zoster;
Idiopathic forms;
Clonal cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphomas
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir.pptxDenish Jangid
Solid waste management & Types of Basic civil Engineering notes by DJ Sir
Types of SWM
Liquid wastes
Gaseous wastes
Solid wastes.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE:
Based on their sources of origin
Based on physical nature
SYSTEMS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
METHODS FOR DISPOSAL OF THE SOLID WASTE:
OPEN DUMPS:
LANDFILLS:
Sanitary landfills
COMPOSTING
Different stages of composting
VERMICOMPOSTING:
Vermicomposting process:
Encapsulation:
Incineration
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE:
Refuse
Reuse
Recycle
Reduce
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2.
Acne vulgaris is a disorder of pilosebaceous
unit characterized by the formation of
comedones, papules, pustules, nodules and
cysts.
It is the most common disorder encounter in
day to day practice by dermatologists
Although generally considered to be a
benign, self limiting condition, but it may
sometime cause severe psychological upset
or disfiguring scars
7. P. Acnes Resistance
Prevalence of P. Acnes resistance on the
skin of acne patients. 10 year surveillance
date:
1991 34.5% to one or more used anti-acne
antibiotics
1997 55.5% to one or more used anti-acne
antibiotics
2000 64% to one or more used anti-acne
antibiotics
Coates P, Cunliffe W et al. Br J Derm. 146 (5): 840 (2002)
8. Main reason for increased
P. Acnes resistance
The extensive use of topical
formulations of Erythromycin and
Clindamycin
Eady E et al. Dermatology 206(1): 54 (2003)
9. P. Acnes Resistance
Erythromycin ……………………High
Clindamycin .……………………High
Tetracycline ……………………..Medium
Doxycycline ……………………..Medium
Trimethoprin …………………….Medium
Resistance to Minocycline ……..Very rare
Management: Isotretinoin – Minocycline
J. Ross, I. Snelling, A Katsambas et al. Br J Derm 148: 467—
478 (2003)
10. Guidelines to avoid P.Acnes
resistance
Limit antibiotics to shorter period
Avoid concomitant use of oral and topical
dissimilar antibiotics (e.g. Tetra PO, Ery topical)
Use topical retinoids to speed up improvement
Avoid long-term antibiotics for maintenance
If re-treatment is necessary, use the same
antibiotic (if it was effective)
Gollnick H., Cunliffe W et al. JAAD 49(1): Suppl. July 2003
11. Guidelines to avoid P.Acnes
resistance
Topical antibiotics should not be used as
monotherapy
Combine topical antibiotics with B.Peroxide
Topical antibiotic therapy should be
discontinued once improvement is seen
If no improvement with 6-8 weeks discontinue
Eady E.A. et al. Deramtology 206:54-56; 2003
12. Gram (-) Folliculitis
Sudden onset of many follicular pustules
Sudden deterioration of acne
Localised perioral &
perinasal location
Management:
Dicontinuation of
current antibiotics
Isotretinoin (1mg/kg)
Ampicilin (250mg qid)
13. Very high Sebum Excretion Rate
The excess of sebum dilute the antibiotic and
produce lower and ineffective concentration
of the antibiotic in the pilosebaceous unit.
Management:
Double dose of antibiotic
(Minocycline 200mg/d)
(Doxycyclin 200mg/d)
Isotretinoin
Estrogen + Anti-androgens (Diannette)
14.
Antibiotics
Cause Management
Resistant P. Acnes: Isotretinoin-Minocycline
Gram (-) folliculitis : Isotretinoin - Ampicilin
Very high Sebum Excretion Rate
Isotretinoin
Cypr. Acetate + Estrogens
Minocylcin 200mg/d
Doxycycline 200mg/d
15. Treatment of Acne : Poor
responders
Isotretinoin
with many macrocomedones –
microcysts
Women with endocrine problems
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Patients who have received total
cumulative dose less than 120mg/kgr
Patients
16. Patients with many
macrocomedones –microcysts
Management: Gentle excision or
cautery under topical anesthesia
before isotretinoin treatment
Cunliffe W et al. Dermatology 206 (1) 11:6 (2003)
17. Isotretinoin: Women with
endocrine problems
Management: Oral estrogens alone or with
antiandrogens given together or after ISO treatment
Ethinylestradiol (EE) 35mg + Cyproterone Acetate
(CPA) 2mg
EE 25mg + CPA 50mg
EE + drospirenone
Spironolactone 25-50 mg/d
Prednisone 2.5-5 mg/d Indefinitely
Leyden J et al JAAD 47 (3) 399: 2002
Huber J and Waltz K. Contraception 73(1): 23-9; 2006
18. Patients who have received total
cumulative dose less than
120mg/kg
Repeat the treatment with
the proper dose
19. Patients with problematic side
effects
Drug: Topical (Retinoids – Benzoyl Peroxide)
Side effects: Irritant Dermatitis
Temporary exacerbation of acne
Management:
Inform patient about temporary nature of side effects
Use on alternate evenings
Use moisturizers and even hydrocortisone cream in the
morning
Use less irritant topical retinoid (Adapalene – tretinoin gel
microsphere)
Nighland M et al. Cutis 77(5): 313-6; 2006
20. Adapalene gel is equally effective
and significantly better tolerated than
tretinoin cream and tretinoin
microsphere gel in the treatment of
acne.
Katsambas A, Papakonstantinou C. Clinics in Derm. 22:439444; 2004
Thiboutot DM et al. Arch Derm 142(5): 597-602; 2006
21.
Drug: Minocycline
Side effects:
Benign intra-cranial
hypertension
(Dizziness – headache)
Hyperpigmentation
Management:
Lower dose
Change to Doxycycline
Discontinuation
Change toDoxycycline
Katsambas A. et al. Clinics in Derm. 22:412-418; 2004
24. Acne conglobata
Most commonly in adult males with no or little
systemic upset.
Lesions usually occur on the trunk and upper
limbs and frequently extend to the buttocks.
facial lesions are not common.
Long-term highdose antibiotics,
dapsone, ciclosporin and/or
colchicine in conjunction with
topical retinoids and antimicrobial therapy .
Oral isotretinoin (1 mg/kg/day) for 4–6 months is
the treatment of choice.
25. Pyoderma faciale
Women 25-40 yr
Sudden development of inflammatory pustules and
nodules
Management:
Treatment with prednisolone
at 1 mg/kg/day, before
Adding isotretinoin
0.2–0.5 mg/kg/day.
The steroid was tapered
off over 2–3 weeks and the
isotretinoin continued for
3–4 months
26. Acne Fulminans
,
Severe truncal acne in males
Fever and polyarthropathy
Management:
Oral prednisolone therapy should be commenced first line
(0.5–
1.0 mg/kg/day) and decreased slowly over 2–3 months
oral salicylates or NSAID
Low-dose oral isotretinoin
(0.25–0.5 mg/kg/day)
should be cautiously introduced
after 3–4 weeks of steroids
and gradually increased as tolerated
according to clinical response.
28. Patients with Scars
Atrophic scar
Treatment:
1. Laser resurfacing
(CO2 – Er-Yag)
2. Chemical Peel
3. Dermabrasion
4. Excision of the scar
5. Injection of fillers
29. Keloid Scars
Treatment:
1. Potent topical steroids
2. Triamcinolone AC injections
3. Liq. Nitrogen + Triamcinolone Ac
injections
30. Hyperpigmented Acne scars
Management:
a. Prevention
b. Treatment
Prevention of Hyperpigmented scars :
Initiation of the proper treatment as soon as possible
in order to minimize the risk of inflammation and the
subsequent hyperpigmentation.
Photo-protection, especially during the periods of
treatment when inflammation exists
Minimization of the inflammation caused by potent
anti-acne drugs.
32. Miscellaneous
Acne
Excoriee
Over expectant patients (Over-concerned
about Appearance)
Dysmorphobic patients (Over-complaining
about a few spots)
33. FINAL REMARK
All acne cases can be adequately
controlled if the relationship between
doctor and patient has been built on
trust and confidence