Presentation that reveals that how much Solar Power resources are there in Pakistan

2. Alternate Resources
in Pakistan

3. Presented To:
Sir Jahangir Akhtar Khan
(Head of Electrical Engineering Department)

4. Group Members:
Muhammad Imran (2006-EE-16)
Ata-ul-Mustafa (2006-EE-17)
Rana Muhammad Adeel (2006-EE-21)
Muhammad Safdar (2006-EE-25)

5. Presentation Plan:
Energy
Power & Energy in Pakistan
Solar Power
Wind Power
Nuclear Power
Geothermal Power
Tidal Power

6. Energy
Energy is a property of every physical
system, describing its ability to perform
work. When energy is released, it is
converted to either work (which implies
motion of bodies or matter) or another
form of energy such that the sum of work.

7. Forms of Energy:
There are a lot of forms of energy existing in
this universe. Some of these are given below;
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Thermal energy
Chemical energy
Radiant energy
Nuclear energy
Electrical energy

8. Energy may be;
Renewable:
Renewable energy resource is that to be
replaced rapidly by natural processes.
Non-Renewable:
Non-Renewable energy resource is that to be not
replaced or is replaced only very slowly by natural
processes.

9. There are lots of Alternatives
Nuclear
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Tidal
Wave
Hydroelectric
Fuel

10. Pakistan Power Graph:

11. Energy Profile:
The Country’s energy demand had grown at an annual
consumption growth rate of 4.8% in the past five years
but now it is expected to grow at 8 to 10% per annum
till the end of this decade.
Most of power comes from oil and gas about 65% of
total installed capacity. These resources are Non-
Renewable, so we can’t trust on them any more.
We need renewable and safe alternate resources.
Pakistan has great potential for;
- Wind (346,000 MW)
- Solar (2.9 Million MW)

12. Solar Power
Ata-ul-Mustafa
2006-EE-17

13. Description
 The sun is 150 million kilometers
away and amazingly powerful.
 The Sun generates a large amount of
energy due to a continuous
thermonuclear fusion reaction
occurring in its interior.
 In this interaction Hydrogen combine
to form Helium and the excess energy
is released in the form of
electromagnetic radiation.
 The total energy emitted by the Sun
per unit time (Solar luminosity) is L0 =
3.9x1026 Watts.
 In 1900, the photoelectric effect was
discovered and in 1916, Millikan
provided experimental proof of
photoelectric effect.

14. Types of Solar cells/Panels
There are basically three types of solar
cells/
panels;
Single Crystal Solar cell Polycrystalline Solar
cell
Amorphous Solar cell

15. Two main ways to harness
Solar Power
1). Photovoltaic (PV) Technology:
– It is the direct conversion of sun’s electromagnetic
radiation into electricity.
2). Concentrated Solar
Power Technology:
– Solar energy is concentrated and used to produce
thermal energy.
– This thermal energy heats water to make steam.
– And then the steam is used to generate electricity.

16. 1).Photovoltaic (PV) Technology:
 Sun’s light with energy greater
than the band gap energy of Si
(mostly used or other material
from which the PV cell is formed)
is absorbed.
 Energy is given to an electron in
the crystal lattice
 The energy excites the electron; it
is free to move in the lattice
without any resistance freely.
 A positive “hole” is left in the
electron’s place
 This separation of electrons and
holes creates a voltage and hence
a current.
 Charge controller/voltage
regulator regulates the charge.
 Batteries stores the energy.
 Inverter is used to convert
electricity from DC to AC.

17. 2). Solar Thermal (Concentrated Technology):
 On large scale use of solar
power includes solar thermal
technique, in which energy
from sun is used to heat
water and convert it into
steam.
 This steam is then goes to
generate electricity just as in
fossil fuel or nuclear electric
plants.
 Using solar technique, the
electricity becomes 40%
cheaper than from solar
(photovoltaic) cell.

18. Solar Thermal (Concentrated)
Technology:
There are three kinds of
concentrating solar power
systems. This classification
according to the way how
they collect solar energy.
 Trough systems,
 Dish/engine systems
 Power tower systems.

19. Other Applications of Solar
Power:
The solar power technology has large potential and
technical progress in daily use also, some examples
are given below;
1. Solar water heater (Geyser)
2. Solar cooker
3. Solar water desalination (Purification/water
disinfector)
4. Solar water pump
5. Solar refrigeration unit
6. Solar crop drying
7. Solar space heating, ventilation & cooling.

20. Feasibility of Solar Power in
Pakistan
 In Pakistan, about 70% of the population lives in some 50,000
villages dispersed around the country.
 Many of these villages are far from the main transmission lines
of the national grid and, because of their relatively small
populations.
 It is usually not economically viable to connect these villages to
the grid.
 Solar energy, on the other hand, has excellent potential in
areas of Pakistan that receive high levels of solar radiation
throughout the year.
 Every day, for example, the country receives an average of
about 19 Mega Joules per square metre of solar energy.

21. Feasibility of Solar (contd..)
 The maps show that minimum solar radiation is received in the
North of Pakistan. Then it increases as we move southward and
it reaches maximum in the center of Pakistan.
 After this solar radiation decreases slightly towards the coastal
region. The Quetta Valley receives maximum solar radiation
throughout the year.
 The nationwide average is 5.5 kwh/m2/day.

22. Pakistan
average
daily
Solar
Radiation
Map

23. Pakistan
Annual
Solar
Radiation
Map

24. More
Detailed
View

25. Alternate Energy Development
( Board (AEDB
The Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) had initiated SHS (Solar Home
System) projects to provide villagers comforts of lighting, cooking and
water disinfection through solar energy technologies. During the
previous financial years, the Board has electrified 11 villages in all the provinces
in the country.
Village District Province No. of Village District Province No. of
Name Houses Name Houses
Narian Rawalpindi Punjab 53 Takht Kalat
Korian Rawalpindi Punjab 57 Balochistan 100
Killi Mama Killa
Allah Baksh Macherzai Saifulla
Bazar
Turbat Balochistan 121
Dandar
Basti Bugha D.G.Khan Punjab 100
Lakhi bhair D.G.Khan Punjab 135 Pinpario Chachro Sindh 100
Bharomal Chachro Sindh 115
Shnow Garri Kohat NWFP 100
Jhanak Gujrat NWFP 120
Total 601 Total 400

26. SHS installed in Janak, NWFP SHS installed in Takht, Balochistan
SHS installed in Shnow Garri,NWFP SHS installed in Bharomal, Sindh
SHS installed in Bugha Basti, Punjab Energy Savor installed in a house

27. Proof of Solar Home System SHS

34. AEDB (Future Plans)
 Based on success of this SHS program, the
government had approved replication of this
project in 400 villages in Balochistan(300) &
Sindh(100) in next two years.
 Overall objective of this program is to develop
technological and strategically implementation
plan to electrify 6968 villages in Balochistan
and 906 villages in Sindh (total of 7,874
villages) through Renewable Energy sources
that are outside the 20 km radius of the
national grid.

35. Pakistan Council of Renewable
Energy Technologies (PCRET)
On-going Projects
(Solar):
 Solar Dryer with electric
backup system for
dehydration of apricots on
commercial basis
 Community solar dryers for
drying of dates
 Pilot project of rural
electrification using solar
energy
 Establishment of testing
laboratory for photovoltaic
(PV) and solar thermal
appliances and system
 Electrification of mosques
and schools in remote rural
areas through solar energy
 Pilot production of silicon
solar cells and modules

36. PCRET (contd..)
Future Plans (2005-10)
(Photovoltaic):
 Electrification of 100 villages in
remote areas using Solar Energy
 Electrification of 700 Mosques &
Schools
 Provision of Solar refrigeration for
Vaccine at Remote Rural Health
Centers (500 units)
 Pilot project on solar
electrification of street lights and
traffic signals in urban areas (150
units)

37. Private Sector
Pakistan's First Solar Telenor Pakistan
Powered Base Station Launches solar
deployed by Warid powered repeater site
Telecom