Solar energy has significant potential but is currently underutilized. The document outlines the history and types of solar energy technologies as well as their current and future applications. Global solar installations are growing rapidly but have yet to replace fossil fuels as the primary energy source due to challenges related to efficiency and energy storage. Further technological advances could help solar photovoltaics achieve efficiencies approaching 100% and become the dominant global energy provider.

1. SOLAR ENERGY AND ITS
FUTURE
Presented By:
Ramesh Adhikari (BEL 070)

2. OUTLINE
•Solar Energy and Types
•Solar Cell and its efficiency
•Global Challenges
•Solar Energy in Nepal
•Future of Solar Energy

3. S O L A R E N E R G Y
• Energy of Sunlight collected and used to provide
electricity,heat and other purpose
• Energy for Solar PV comes from Light Not from
Heat
SOLAR THERMAL
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (SPV)
Thermal

4. S U N

5. Solar Energy Absorbed by Earth
=3,850,000 EJ per year
Annual Potential = 1,575–49,837 EJ
World Energy Consumption = 559.8 EJ
(in 2012)
Energy absorved in 1 hour =
Annual world energy Consumption
E N E R G Y F R O M S U N
47% OF SOLAR ENERGY IS USABLE

6. W H Y S O L A R E N E R G Y ?
Sunlight is Free
Renewable and Sustainable
Environment friendly
Minimal maintenance

7. T Y P E S O F S P V SY S T E M
Stand-alone SPV System

8. H I S TO RY O F S O L A R C E L L
 Started almost 140 years ago when
Becquerel in 1839 observed
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
 40 years later Adams and Day
discovered a similar effect in Selenium
 ALBERT EINSTEIN explained the
Photoelectric effect in 1905
 Received Nobel prize in 1921.

9. E F F I C I E N C Y - A M A J O R C O N C E R N
• By 1914, 1% efficiency with Selenium and Copper cell
• By 1958, 14% efficiency with Silicon solar cell
Solar Cell
Silicon –a semiconductor

10. Yes!!!
WE GOT
46%
NOW OUR
TARGET IS
100%

11. M A I N A P P L I C AT I O N A R E A S
Solar Home System Street Lighting

12. Solar Water Pumping Solar Vehicle

13. Only 0.4%
70%

14. We live in a remarkable age driven by fossil fule

15. Why has’t the world switched to Solar Power?

18. L A R G E S T P V S TAT I O N S W O R L D W I D E
Tengger Desert Solar Park
Tengger Desert Solar Park China 1500MW
Daltong Solar Power Runner Base China 1000MW
Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park India 900MW

19. S O L A R P O W E R I N N E PA L
• Dhobighat Oxidaizing Pond- 680.4 kw
• Simikot- 50 kw
• Gamgadhi- 50 kw
• Bode- 40kw PV system was installed at 1995
• CIAA Building – 40 kw (Nepal’s largest roof
top system)
• four 1.1 KWp Grid Connected System- 1 in
IOE Pulchowk Campus and 3 in NEA Office
for feasibility study

20. LARGEST ROOF TOP SYSTEM IN NEPAL

21. W H Y S P V I N N E PA L ?
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Electricity(GWh)
Fiscal Year
Annual Energy Demand
Annual Energy Supply
Deficit shed through rolling blackouts i.e., load shedding
ANNUAL DEMAND, SUPPLY AND DEFICIT OF ELECTRICITY

23. C U R R E N T S C E N A R I O : P E T R O L E U M C R I S I S
• Monthly loss of Rs.185.58 crore
• In FY 2012/13, Oil Imports
19.2% of total imports
• Nepal imported $1222.3 million
worth from India alone
• Consumption rise range 17% to
29% per annum

24. LPG crisis in Nepal Alternative to LPG

25. • Will become the Most important and Cost-efficient energy source
• Immediate actions to increase Cell efficiencies
• Development of New Thin film technologies
• Nanosilicon and other Third generation technologies
F U T U R E O F S O L A R P H OTOVO LTA I C

26. SPV ON BUILDING WALL

27. FLOATING SOLAR FARM

28. NASA Pathfinde r Solar - Powe re d Aircraft

29. Collecting solar power in outer space
and distributing it to Earth.
WHY SBSP?
 Convert sunlight to microwaves
and transmit to the collector on
Earth's surface.
 No NIGHT
 Avoid loss of incoming solar
energy (55–60%) through the
Earth's atmosphere
S PA C E - B A S E D S O L A R P O W E R

30. O U R J O R N E Y S TA R T E D F R O M 1 %
O U R D E S T I N AT I O N I S 1 0 0 %