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1. SOLAR ENERGY AND ITS
FUTURE
Presented By:
Ramesh Adhikari (BEL 070)

2. OUTLINE
•Solar Energy and Types
•Solar Cell and its efficiency
•Global Challenges
•Solar Energy in Nepal
•Future of Solar Energy

3. S O L A R E N E R G Y
• Energy of Sunlight collected and used to provide
electricity,heat and other purpose
• Energy for Solar PV comes from Light Not from
Heat
SOLAR THERMAL
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (SPV)
Thermal

4. S U N

5. Solar Energy Absorbed by Earth
=3,850,000 EJ per year
Annual Potential = 1,575–49,837 EJ
World Energy Consumption = 559.8 EJ
(in 2012)
Energy absorved in 1 hour =
Annual world energy Consumption
E N E R G Y F R O M S U N
47% OF SOLAR ENERGY IS USABLE

6. W H Y S O L A R E N E R G Y ?
Sunlight is Free
Renewable and Sustainable
Environment friendly
Minimal maintenance

7. T Y P E S O F S P V SY S T E M
Stand-alone SPV System

8. H I S TO RY O F S O L A R C E L L
 Started almost 140 years ago when
Becquerel in 1839 observed
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
 40 years later Adams and Day
discovered a similar effect in Selenium
 ALBERT EINSTEIN explained the
Photoelectric effect in 1905
 Received Nobel prize in 1921.

9. E F F I C I E N C Y - A M A J O R C O N C E R N
• By 1914, 1% efficiency with Selenium and Copper cell
• By 1958, 14% efficiency with Silicon solar cell
Solar Cell
Silicon –a semiconductor

10. Yes!!!
WE GOT
46%
NOW OUR
TARGET IS
100%

11. M A I N A P P L I C AT I O N A R E A S
Solar Home System Street Lighting

12. Solar Water Pumping Solar Vehicle

13. Only 0.4%
70%

14. We live in a remarkable age driven by fossil fule

15. Why has’t the world switched to Solar Power?

18. L A R G E S T P V S TAT I O N S W O R L D W I D E
Tengger Desert Solar Park
Tengger Desert Solar Park China 1500MW
Daltong Solar Power Runner Base China 1000MW
Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park India 900MW

19. S O L A R P O W E R I N N E PA L
• Dhobighat Oxidaizing Pond- 680.4 kw
• Simikot- 50 kw
• Gamgadhi- 50 kw
• Bode- 40kw PV system was installed at 1995
• CIAA Building – 40 kw (Nepal’s largest roof
top system)
• four 1.1 KWp Grid Connected System- 1 in
IOE Pulchowk Campus and 3 in NEA Office
for feasibility study

20. LARGEST ROOF TOP SYSTEM IN NEPAL

21. W H Y S P V I N N E PA L ?
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13
Electricity(GWh)
Fiscal Year
Annual Energy Demand
Annual Energy Supply
Deficit shed through rolling blackouts i.e., load shedding
ANNUAL DEMAND, SUPPLY AND DEFICIT OF ELECTRICITY

23. C U R R E N T S C E N A R I O : P E T R O L E U M C R I S I S
• Monthly loss of Rs.185.58 crore
• In FY 2012/13, Oil Imports
19.2% of total imports
• Nepal imported $1222.3 million
worth from India alone
• Consumption rise range 17% to
29% per annum

24. LPG crisis in Nepal Alternative to LPG

25. • Will become the Most important and Cost-efficient energy source
• Immediate actions to increase Cell efficiencies
• Development of New Thin film technologies
• Nanosilicon and other Third generation technologies
F U T U R E O F S O L A R P H OTOVO LTA I C

26. SPV ON BUILDING WALL

27. FLOATING SOLAR FARM

28. NASA Pathfinde r Solar - Powe re d Aircraft

29. Collecting solar power in outer space
and distributing it to Earth.
WHY SBSP?
 Convert sunlight to microwaves
and transmit to the collector on
Earth's surface.
 No NIGHT
 Avoid loss of incoming solar
energy (55–60%) through the
Earth's atmosphere
S PA C E - B A S E D S O L A R P O W E R

30. O U R J O R N E Y S TA R T E D F R O M 1 %
O U R D E S T I N AT I O N I S 1 0 0 %