Solar energy : answer to India's energy crisis

1. Solar Mission
Solution for India’s energy
crisis

2. Betting on sun
“I’d put my money on sun and solar energy.
What a source of power !”
-Thomas Edison(1847-1931)

3. Powerless India

4. Recently, In the world’s largest blackouts, some 600
million Indians lost power.
Though India receives solar energy equivalent to
nearly 5,000 trillion kwh/year – far more than the
country’s total energy consumption, Our country is
clearly is struggling to provide enough electricity to
its 1.2 billion citizens.

5. How is our India powered ?
 India has a total installed capacity
of 150,323.4MW (86.5% government
and 13.5% private)
 Power generated from Coal is a
total of 78458 MW around 53.3% of
India's total installed capacity.
 Nuclear power contributes around
2.9 %( 4120 MW) of the total
installed power.
 Hydro power is the next biggest
source with contributions of 24.7%.

6.  Renewable energy contributes around
7.7% of the total installed
capacity, which includes Solar and
wind energy and other various form.

7. Source MW %
Coal 78458.88 53.3
Gas 16385.61 10.5
Oil 1199.75 0.9
Hydro 36916.76 24.7
Nuclear 4120 2.9
Renewable Energy 13242.41 7.7
Total 150323.4 100

8. Solution ?
 Thinking nuclear power would solve all our
power worries would be a
colossal mistake. Because it will make
India dependent on foreign countries for
Uranium.
 Around 150 dams planned for the state of
Arunachal Pradesh Together, these dams
might fill India's energy gap. But they will
also devastate dozens of indigenous tribal
peoples, wipe out thousands of acres of
breathtaking forest and destroy some of
the world's best whitewater.

9. Solar Energy
With about 300 clear, sunny days in a
year, India's theoretical Solar
power reception, on only its land area, is
about 5000 Petawatt-hours per year.
1 Petawatt =1000000000000000 watts

10.  Solar power is by far the Earth's most
available energy source, easily capable of
providing many times the total current
energy demand.
 Two main commercial ways of
conversion of sunlight into electricity.
i. Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant
(CSP)
ii. Photovoltaic Plants (PV)

11. Concentrating Solar Plant
 Concentrated solar power systems use
the sun as the “thermal heat” source .
Solar heat is used to create steam which
then spins the turbine which drives a
generator to produce electricity.
 On the basis of the method used for
extraction of heat energy CSP can be
further divided into
1.Parabolic trough
2.Solar tower system.

12. Parabolic Trough
 Trough systems collect the sun's energy using
long rectangular, parabolic mirror collectors
 The mirrors mechanically rotate and follow the
sun east to west, focusing sunlight on receiver
tubes that run the length of the mirrors.
 The receiver tubes are positioned along the
focal line of each parabolic mirror. The
reflected condensed sunlight is very intense
and heats a fluid flowing through the tubes to a
very high temperature (about 550 C)
 The very hot fluid is then used to heat water to
create steam for a conventional steam turbine
generator to produce electricity.

13. Parabolic mirror collector

16.  The receiver tube is a stainless steel tube with a
special sunlight absorbing surface and is
mounted inside an anti-reflective outer glass tube
with a vacuum separating the two tubes.
 A molten salt compound is used as the transfer
fluid. The molten salt is a mixture of 60 % sodium
nitrate and 40 % potassium nitrate, commonly
called saltpeter.

17. Solar tower system
 Tower systems have three main components:
ground heliostats, a tower, and a central
receiver at the top of the tower.

18.  The function of the heliostats is to capture solar
radiation from the sun and re-direct it to the
central receiver.
 A heliostat rotates in two dimensions, east and
west, and north and south, tracking the sun as
it moves throughout the day and throughout
the year.
 The centralized receiver is located in the upper
section of the tower.
 The receiver absorbs the sunlight from the
heliostats and transfers the energy to a
circulating fluid, usually molten salt.

19.  Molten fluid is used for the generation of steam.
This steam then drives a conventional turbine at
the bottom of the tower and hence electricity
is generated

21. Photo voltaic plant
 Photovoltaics are best known as a
method for generating electric power
by using solar cells to convert energy
from the sun into a flow of electrons. The
Photovoltaic effect refers to photons of
light exciting electrons into a higher
state of energy, allowing them to act as
charge carriers for an electric current.

24. Feasible site for PV
Plant.
Feasible site for CSP
Plant.

26.  It is a major initiative of the
Government of India and State
Governments to promote
ecologically sustainable growth
while addressing India’s energy
security challenge.
 It will also constitute a major
contribution by India to the global
effort to meet the challenges of
climate change.

27. CONCLUSION
 Our aim is to make solar energy not only
economically viable but economically
profitable and this Solar mission is the first step
toward that goal.
 With India having an average of 300 days of
sunshine the Solar potential of India is widely
untapped. We need to educate and spread
awareness about the huge economic and
environmental benefits of the widely untapped
source of never ending renewable energy
source.

28. Thank you