Sapling Learning Select the statements that explain why duplication i.pdf

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Sapling Learning Select the statements that explain why duplication is a driving force for evolution and the generation of genes. variations can occur when random fixed mutations are introduced into a new chromosomal Duplication of a gene segment always results in novel phenotypes. Duplicated genes provide extra copies of DNA that are not constrained by an essential function. Genes duplicate then diverge from the original sequence to create novel genes and Solution Statement No. 1, 3 and 4 justify the fact that Gene duplication driving force behind Evolution. 1) Occurence of fixed mutation in new genotypic environment result may result into deletion of another gene function or enhancement of gene responsible for a particular phenotype. this enhancement (example curvature of spine and straightening of posture) or deletion (example disappearance of tail) can be beneficial to the organism and is passed to future generations thus leading to evolution of new species. 2) Duplicate copies of DNA, after a period of time, are often rendered redundant and are no longer constrained by any essential function. These redundant copies often result in acquiring new function and lead to evolution. 3) Gene duplication, followed by their divergence leads to formation of novel genes and take part in evolution. 4) Novel gene generation result may from interaction between two different genes. However, it is not always that duplication of a gene will always result in new phenotypes. Thus, Statement 1,3 and 4 are true to the statement that gene duplication result into evolution and generation of new genes..

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Explain how substances get across membranes and into the cell. Solution The plasma membrane surrounding animal cells is where the exchange of substances inside and outside of cells takes place. Some substances need to move from the extracellular fluid outside cells to the inside of the cell, and some substances need to move from the inside of the cell to the extracellular fluid. the plasma membrane is choosy about what substances can pass through it, it is said to be selectively permeable. Selectively permeable or semipermeable means that only certain substances are able to pass through the membrane. Transporting substances across the plasma membrane can require that the cell use some of its energy. If energy is used, the transport is called active. If molecules can pass through the plasma membrane without using energy, the molecules are using passive transport. ACTIVE TRANSPORT Sometimes, the molecules are just too big to easily flow across the plasma membranes or dissolve in the water so that they can be filtered through the membrane. In these cases, the cells must put out a little energy to help get molecules in or out of the cell. Osmosis osmosis, the concentration of substances in the water is taken into consideration. If a solution is isotonic, that means the concentrations of the substances (solutes) and water (solvent) on both sides of the membrane are equal. If one solution is hypotonic, there is a lower concentration of substances (and more water) in it when compared to another solution. If a solution is hypertonic, there is a higher concentration of substances in it (and less water) when compared to another solution. For example, the blood in your body contains a certain amount of salt. The normal concentration is isotonic. If suddenly there is too high a concentration of salt, the blood becomes hypertonic (too many salt molecules). This excess of salt forces water out of the blood cells in an attempt to even things out. But the effect this action has is actually that of shrinking the blood cells.

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Determine whether the following statements about human ABO Wood groups are true or false._____ A child who is type o may have two type A parents _____A child who is type 0 may have one type AB parent _____A child who is type B may have two type AB parents _____A child who is type AB may have one type 0 parent Mary, who has blood type A, is not sure whether her child was fathered by John or Tom. The child has type B blood John has blood type O, and Tom has blood type AB. Can we determine which of these two men is more likely to be the father? If so, slow or explain how. Suppose Mary pursues further genetic testing, and discovers that her own genotype Is. If this is correct, why does it suggest that another mistake was made at some point? Use a Punnett square to support your answer. Solution 1. a) true b) false c) true d) false 2. Tom is likely to be the father. since, Mary has blood type A- genotype is AO or AA JOhn has blood type O- genotype is O O Tom has blood type AB- genotype is AB thus it is not possible for AO OR AA crossed with OO to have a child with blood type B while when crossed with AB it is possible to have a child with genotype BO which will be blood type B. 3. here the results show that mary is homozygous for the allele A thus her genotype would be AA thus it is likely that mary is not the mother of this child with blood group B. Mary\'s genotype cossed with tom would provide these results which does not include IBIO or IBIB which shloud be the genotype of the child.IAIA/IAIBIAIBIAIAIAIAIBIAIAIAIAIB.

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A female carrier of Tay-Sachs wants to have a child with a male carrier for Tay-Sachs. Tay- Sachs is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Using the letters \"T\" and T fill out the following table. Solution Autosomal recessive conditions are associated with non sex chromosomes and the disease allele must be present in homozygous condition to inflict the disease. Tay-Sachs is a sphingolipidoses associated with mutation in the HEXA gene situated on the chromosome 15. A defective copy of both the allele for HEXA gene will lead to Tay sachs. Lets say that the wild type HEXA gene is T and defective gene is t. genotype of Mother - Tt; phenotype of mother- carrier genotype of father-Tt; phenotype of father- carrier Cross between the two: Parents: Tt X Tt offsprings: TT; Tt; Tt; ttFemaleMaleGenotypeTT; Tt; Tt; ttTT; Tt; Tt; ttPhenotypeNormal; carrier; carrier; affectedNormal; carrier; carrier; affectedGenotypes of sperm/ovaSame as the individualsame as the individual.

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So I don\'t understand explicit equations. Whats the formula and how are they different than recursive? Solution in explicit formula we just need to know the term number to find any term of the sequence whereas in recursive formula each term is defined by its preceding term.so to find any term of the sequence we must know the preceding term lets understand by an example let a sequence be 1, 4 , 7 , 10 ... a1 = 1 , difference between 2 terms = 3 for explicit formula an = a1 + (n-1)*3 we just need to plug the value of n to get any term of the sequence for recursive formula an+1 = an + 3 to get any term of the sequence we need to know the preceding term for eaxample to find a3 we plug n = 2 a2+1 = a2 + 3 a3 = a2+ 3 tehrefore we need to know a2 term to get a3 term.

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