2. This seasons flu virus is spreading based on a logistic functio.pdf
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2. This season\'s flu virus is spreading based on a logistic function. For a town of 50,000 people, they initially had 500 people infected. One month later, 1000 people were infected. a) Write the logistic function that models the spread of the flu. (6 pts) b) At what point will the spread of the virus begin to slow down (2 pts) c) How many people will be affected when the spread begins to slow down (2 pts) Solution.
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Explain how substances get across membranes and into the cell.Sol.pdf
Explain how substances get across membranes and into the cell.
Solution
The plasma membrane surrounding animal cells is where the exchange of substances inside and
outside of cells takes place. Some substances need to move from the extracellular fluid outside
cells to the inside of the cell, and some substances need to move from the inside of the cell to the
extracellular fluid. the plasma membrane is choosy about what substances can pass through it, it
is said to be selectively permeable. Selectively permeable or semipermeable means that only
certain substances are able to pass through the membrane. Transporting substances across the
plasma membrane can require that the cell use some of its energy. If energy is used, the transport
is called active. If molecules can pass through the plasma membrane without using energy, the
molecules are using passive transport.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Sometimes, the molecules are just too big to easily flow across the plasma membranes or
dissolve in the water so that they can be filtered through the membrane. In these cases, the cells
must put out a little energy to help get molecules in or out of the cell.
Osmosis
osmosis, the concentration of substances in the water is taken into consideration. If a solution is
isotonic, that means the concentrations of the substances (solutes) and water (solvent) on both
sides of the membrane are equal. If one solution is hypotonic, there is a lower concentration of
substances (and more water) in it when compared to another solution. If a solution is hypertonic,
there is a higher concentration of substances in it (and less water) when compared to another
solution. For example, the blood in your body contains a certain amount of salt. The normal
concentration is isotonic. If suddenly there is too high a concentration of salt, the blood becomes
hypertonic (too many salt molecules). This excess of salt forces water out of the blood cells in an
attempt to even things out. But the effect this action has is actually that of shrinking the blood
cells.
Does yeast have a post translation pathway for protein synthesisIf .pdf
Does yeast have a post translation pathway for protein synthesis?If so how does it work? Please
start explaining from nucleus transcription to translation in yeast with the promoters or genes that
are specific to yeast.
Solution
Yes, yeast has post translational pathway for protein synthesis.
The central dogma of molecular biology proposes that information flows from DNA to RNA
through the process of transcription and from RNA to protein through translation.
In eukaryotic cells like yeast cells, they posses phospholipid membranes allowing diverse
biochemical and metabolic activities to be carried out simultaneously in distinct subcellular
compartments.The membrane-bound organelles creates a requirement for the efficient targeting
of proteins, which are primarily synthesised by ribosomes located in the cytosol, to the
appropriate intracellular location.These proteins are first targeted to and translocated across the
membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The tail-anchor (TA) proteins are located at the
C-terminus of the polypeptide.Therefore, by the time that the ER targeting signal is exposed to
cytosolic factors the polypeptide will be released from the ribosome and TA proteins are post-
translationally inserted into the ER membrane.Tail-anchored proteins are inserted by
TRC40/Get3.
A promoter is a DNA sequence that can recruit transcriptional machinery and lead to
transcription of the downstream DNA sequence. All the yeast promoters depend on the
availability of RNA polymerase holoenzyme, but is not affected by any transcriptional
regulators..
Determine whether the following statements about human ABO Wood group.pdf
Determine whether the following statements about human ABO Wood groups are true or
false._____ A child who is type o may have two type A parents _____A child who is type 0 may
have one type AB parent _____A child who is type B may have two type AB parents _____A
child who is type AB may have one type 0 parent Mary, who has blood type A, is not sure
whether her child was fathered by John or Tom. The child has type B blood John has blood type
O, and Tom has blood type AB. Can we determine which of these two men is more likely to be
the father? If so, slow or explain how. Suppose Mary pursues further genetic testing, and
discovers that her own genotype Is. If this is correct, why does it suggest that another mistake
was made at some point? Use a Punnett square to support your answer.
Solution
1. a) true
b) false
c) true
d) false
2. Tom is likely to be the father.
since, Mary has blood type A- genotype is AO or AA
JOhn has blood type O- genotype is O O
Tom has blood type AB- genotype is AB
thus it is not possible for AO OR AA crossed with OO to have a child with blood type B
while when crossed with AB it is possible to have a child with genotype BO which will be blood
type B.
3. here the results show that mary is homozygous for the allele A thus her genotype would be
AA thus it is likely that mary is not the mother of this child with blood group B.
Mary\'s genotype cossed with tom would provide these results which does not include IBIO or
IBIB which shloud be the genotype of the child.IAIA/IAIBIAIBIAIAIAIAIBIAIAIAIAIB.
Describe a similarity transformation that maps trapezoid WXYZ to tr.pdf
A similarity transformation maps trapezoid WXYZ to trapezoid PORS with a scale factor of -2, enlarging the image. The type of dilation is an enlargement since it creates a larger trapezoid PORS compared to the original trapezoid WXYZ.
blackboard.ecu edu Take Test Exam ll-Blou2300601201730 he map above .pdf
blackboard.ecu edu Take Test: Exam ll-Blou2300601201730 he map above shows the different
DF mutants algned, with the boxes 1-g) showing tha locations of the dit QUESTION 2 s points
Extra Credito save Answer During the course of experiments. Seymour Benzer discovered over
20.000 mutations in the T4 classified the mutations into two categories: 1) revertible mutants
(which result from bacteriophage. He from mutations). point mutations), and nonrevertible
mutants (which result Four riB partial deletion mutations were tested for their ability to
complement five rlB point mutants. Use the data in this to place the point mutants in order on the
rlig deletion gene maps below. (Note: A plus sign indicates complementation and a minus sign
indicates no complementation.) Point Deletion Deletion Deletion Deletion utant Mutant Mutant
Mutant Mutant D1 D2 D3 D1. D2 D3 D4. The map above shows the different DF mutants
aligned, with the boxes (e1-9) showing the locations of the different mutations A thru E Enter the
each DF mutant. This is an alignment, so the letters will be used more than once. On the correct
letter in the n umbered blanks provided unde hown for DF1, point mutation A is shown n its
correct location to get you started.
Solution
1)D
2)B
3)A
4)C
5)B
6)A,C
7)E
8)D
9)C
as these are the boxes which represent the mutants shown by the graphs in a given order..
Bitcoin as an Ethical Dilemma closing case (Question below article).pdf
Bitcoin as an Ethical Dilemma closing case (Question below article)
Bitcoin is an open-source, peer-to-peer digital currency introduced to the world on January 3,
2009, by developer Satoshi Nakamoto. The cryptocurrency is based on a protocol and software
that allows instant peer-to-peer transactions and worldwide payments with minimal costs. In its
few years of existence, bitcoin has seen unprecedented media coverage, a rollercoaster ride of
epic spikes and epic plunges, and adopters from major retailers to lemon stands (e.g., Amazon,
Target, Victoria\'s Secret, and Whole Foods). Bitcoin has also been covered by numerous major
news organizations (e.g., ABC, CNBC, Forbes, Fox News, Reuters) as the most popular form of
virtual currency.
At the same time, ethical concerns exist with this new digital currency. The coupling of no
regulations, virtually free movement of value, and a Ponzi scheme–like system have led
renowned economist Paul Krugman to suggest that “bitcoin is evil.” At the basic level, Krugman
says that “to be successful, money must be both a medium of exchange and a reasonably stable
store of value.” He continues to say that “it remains completely unclear why bitcoin should be a
stable store of value.” Joining in the discussion, Charlie Stross, the British writer of science
fiction, says that “bitcoin looks like it was designed as a weapon intended to damage central
banking and money issuing banks, with a Libertarian political agenda in mind—to damage
states\' ability to collect tax and monitor their citizens\' financial transactions.”
What is the difference between bitcoin and normal currency, such as the U.S. dollar? Bitcoin is
an unregulated peer-to-peer digital currency that is not backed by any other commodity such as
gold or silver. Bitcoins exist almost entirely in the digital, online world, although some bitcoins
have actually been privately minted. The U.S. dollar, like many other stable currencies, are paper
or coin currency issued by a national reserve–type bank (in the United States, it is the Federal
Reserve Bank). This means that dollars are really Federal Reserve Notes that are printed or
minted at the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The dollar is so-called fiat money, which
means that dollars derive their value from the U.S. government regulation or law. Interestingly,
the United States decided in 2014 that bitcoins will be taxed as property, not currency, for
International Revenue Services (IRS) purposes. The IRS defined bitcoin as a “convertible
currency that can be used as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value.”
Technically, Bitcoin with a capitalized “B” refers to the technology and network associated with
the currency, while bitcoin with a lower case “b” refers to the actual currency. The philosophy
underlying the bitcoin is complete mistrust in authority or control—basically a perfectly
stateless, market-based approach, with no country or region-level bank intervention. It is .
^^^Q2. Discuss about Header Node And also write a program fo.pdf
^^^
Q2. Discuss about Header Node?
And also write a program for unordered single linked list and linked implementation of
QUEUE?
Solution
Header node:
Sometimes it is desire to keep an extra node at the front of a List. Such a node doesn’t represent
an item in the List and is called a Header Node or a List Header. The Information field of such
Header node might be unused but the Next field maintains the first node address. More often the
information of such a node could be used to keep Global Information about the Entire List.
One of the applications of Header node is the information portion of the Header node contains
the number of nodes (not including Header) in the List. In this Structure the Header must be
adjusted the total number of nodes when we apply addition or deletion operation on the List. We
can directly obtained the total number of nodes without traversing the entire List.
By using this application, we can develop Data Structure Stack easily. Since Header node
information field maintains the number of elements that the Stack contains.
Another application is we can simply develop the Data Structure Queue. Until now, two external
pointers, Front & Rear, were necessary for a List to represent a Queue. However, now only a
single external pointer is sufficient to maintain a Queue that is Head node. Because the Header
node next field behave like a Front and information field of Header node maintains last node
address so that it is behave like a Rear .
Another possibility for the use of the information portion of a List Header is as a pointer
to a Curr node in the List during a traversal process. This would be eliminate the node for an
external pointer during traversal.
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct node
{
char info;
struct node *next;
};
typedef struct node sl;
void display(sl *);
sl * create(sl *root)
{
sl *curr,*new;
char val;
printf(\"\ Enter $ to STOP --- Otherwise Continue : \");
fflush(stdin);
scanf(\"%c\",&val);
while(val != \'$\')
{
new=(sl *) malloc(sizeof(sl));
new->info = val;
new->next = NULL;
if(root == NULL)
root = new;
else
{
curr = root;
while( curr->next != NULL )
curr = curr->next;
curr->next = new;
}
printf(\" Enter $ to STOP --- Otherwise Continue : \");
fflush(stdin);
scanf(\"%c\",&val);
}
printf(\"\ The Created Linked List Is \ \");
display(root);
return root;
}
sl * delete(sl *root,char val)
{
sl *temp,*curr,*rear;
curr = root;
rear = NULL;
while( curr != NULL && val != curr->info )
{
rear = curr;
curr = curr->next;
}
if(curr == NULL)
{
if( rear == NULL)
{
printf(\"\ Linked List is Empty\");
printf(\"\ Deletion is not Possible \");
}
else
{
printf(\"\ deleted Node does not exist in List\");
printf(\"\ Deletion is not Possible \");
}
}
else
{
if( rear == NULL)
{
temp = root;
root = root->next;
}
else
{
temp = curr;
rear->next = curr->next;
}
printf(\"\ Node is deleted \");
printf(\"\ Deleted Node information is %c\",temp->info);
free(temp);
}
display(root);
return root;
}
sl * insert(sl *root,char va.
Write the code segments to create a monitor that has the same behavi.pdf
Write the code segments to create a monitor that has the same behavior as a semaphore.
Monitor semaphore {
//initialization
// synchronization condition variable
// methods
wait ( )
signal ( )
}
Solution
I assume the code is to be written in Java as no language is specified. The solution is below:
public class Monitor_Semaphore {
private int count;
//initialize
public Semaphore (int init)
{
count = init;
}
//signal
synchronized public void S() {
count++;
notify();
}
//wait
synchronized public void W()
throws InterruptedException {
while (count == 0) wait();
count--;
}
public void Method1(){
W();
//critical section
S();
}
}.
Recommended
Explain how substances get across membranes and into the cell.Sol.pdf
Explain how substances get across membranes and into the cell.
Solution
The plasma membrane surrounding animal cells is where the exchange of substances inside and
outside of cells takes place. Some substances need to move from the extracellular fluid outside
cells to the inside of the cell, and some substances need to move from the inside of the cell to the
extracellular fluid. the plasma membrane is choosy about what substances can pass through it, it
is said to be selectively permeable. Selectively permeable or semipermeable means that only
certain substances are able to pass through the membrane. Transporting substances across the
plasma membrane can require that the cell use some of its energy. If energy is used, the transport
is called active. If molecules can pass through the plasma membrane without using energy, the
molecules are using passive transport.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Sometimes, the molecules are just too big to easily flow across the plasma membranes or
dissolve in the water so that they can be filtered through the membrane. In these cases, the cells
must put out a little energy to help get molecules in or out of the cell.
Osmosis
osmosis, the concentration of substances in the water is taken into consideration. If a solution is
isotonic, that means the concentrations of the substances (solutes) and water (solvent) on both
sides of the membrane are equal. If one solution is hypotonic, there is a lower concentration of
substances (and more water) in it when compared to another solution. If a solution is hypertonic,
there is a higher concentration of substances in it (and less water) when compared to another
solution. For example, the blood in your body contains a certain amount of salt. The normal
concentration is isotonic. If suddenly there is too high a concentration of salt, the blood becomes
hypertonic (too many salt molecules). This excess of salt forces water out of the blood cells in an
attempt to even things out. But the effect this action has is actually that of shrinking the blood
cells.
Does yeast have a post translation pathway for protein synthesisIf .pdf
Does yeast have a post translation pathway for protein synthesis?If so how does it work? Please
start explaining from nucleus transcription to translation in yeast with the promoters or genes that
are specific to yeast.
Solution
Yes, yeast has post translational pathway for protein synthesis.
The central dogma of molecular biology proposes that information flows from DNA to RNA
through the process of transcription and from RNA to protein through translation.
In eukaryotic cells like yeast cells, they posses phospholipid membranes allowing diverse
biochemical and metabolic activities to be carried out simultaneously in distinct subcellular
compartments.The membrane-bound organelles creates a requirement for the efficient targeting
of proteins, which are primarily synthesised by ribosomes located in the cytosol, to the
appropriate intracellular location.These proteins are first targeted to and translocated across the
membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The tail-anchor (TA) proteins are located at the
C-terminus of the polypeptide.Therefore, by the time that the ER targeting signal is exposed to
cytosolic factors the polypeptide will be released from the ribosome and TA proteins are post-
translationally inserted into the ER membrane.Tail-anchored proteins are inserted by
TRC40/Get3.
A promoter is a DNA sequence that can recruit transcriptional machinery and lead to
transcription of the downstream DNA sequence. All the yeast promoters depend on the
availability of RNA polymerase holoenzyme, but is not affected by any transcriptional
regulators..
Determine whether the following statements about human ABO Wood group.pdf
Determine whether the following statements about human ABO Wood groups are true or
false._____ A child who is type o may have two type A parents _____A child who is type 0 may
have one type AB parent _____A child who is type B may have two type AB parents _____A
child who is type AB may have one type 0 parent Mary, who has blood type A, is not sure
whether her child was fathered by John or Tom. The child has type B blood John has blood type
O, and Tom has blood type AB. Can we determine which of these two men is more likely to be
the father? If so, slow or explain how. Suppose Mary pursues further genetic testing, and
discovers that her own genotype Is. If this is correct, why does it suggest that another mistake
was made at some point? Use a Punnett square to support your answer.
Solution
1. a) true
b) false
c) true
d) false
2. Tom is likely to be the father.
since, Mary has blood type A- genotype is AO or AA
JOhn has blood type O- genotype is O O
Tom has blood type AB- genotype is AB
thus it is not possible for AO OR AA crossed with OO to have a child with blood type B
while when crossed with AB it is possible to have a child with genotype BO which will be blood
type B.
3. here the results show that mary is homozygous for the allele A thus her genotype would be
AA thus it is likely that mary is not the mother of this child with blood group B.
Mary\'s genotype cossed with tom would provide these results which does not include IBIO or
IBIB which shloud be the genotype of the child.IAIA/IAIBIAIBIAIAIAIAIBIAIAIAIAIB.
Describe a similarity transformation that maps trapezoid WXYZ to tr.pdf
A similarity transformation maps trapezoid WXYZ to trapezoid PORS with a scale factor of -2, enlarging the image. The type of dilation is an enlargement since it creates a larger trapezoid PORS compared to the original trapezoid WXYZ.
blackboard.ecu edu Take Test Exam ll-Blou2300601201730 he map above .pdf
blackboard.ecu edu Take Test: Exam ll-Blou2300601201730 he map above shows the different
DF mutants algned, with the boxes 1-g) showing tha locations of the dit QUESTION 2 s points
Extra Credito save Answer During the course of experiments. Seymour Benzer discovered over
20.000 mutations in the T4 classified the mutations into two categories: 1) revertible mutants
(which result from bacteriophage. He from mutations). point mutations), and nonrevertible
mutants (which result Four riB partial deletion mutations were tested for their ability to
complement five rlB point mutants. Use the data in this to place the point mutants in order on the
rlig deletion gene maps below. (Note: A plus sign indicates complementation and a minus sign
indicates no complementation.) Point Deletion Deletion Deletion Deletion utant Mutant Mutant
Mutant Mutant D1 D2 D3 D1. D2 D3 D4. The map above shows the different DF mutants
aligned, with the boxes (e1-9) showing the locations of the different mutations A thru E Enter the
each DF mutant. This is an alignment, so the letters will be used more than once. On the correct
letter in the n umbered blanks provided unde hown for DF1, point mutation A is shown n its
correct location to get you started.
Solution
1)D
2)B
3)A
4)C
5)B
6)A,C
7)E
8)D
9)C
as these are the boxes which represent the mutants shown by the graphs in a given order..
Bitcoin as an Ethical Dilemma closing case (Question below article).pdf
Bitcoin as an Ethical Dilemma closing case (Question below article)
Bitcoin is an open-source, peer-to-peer digital currency introduced to the world on January 3,
2009, by developer Satoshi Nakamoto. The cryptocurrency is based on a protocol and software
that allows instant peer-to-peer transactions and worldwide payments with minimal costs. In its
few years of existence, bitcoin has seen unprecedented media coverage, a rollercoaster ride of
epic spikes and epic plunges, and adopters from major retailers to lemon stands (e.g., Amazon,
Target, Victoria\'s Secret, and Whole Foods). Bitcoin has also been covered by numerous major
news organizations (e.g., ABC, CNBC, Forbes, Fox News, Reuters) as the most popular form of
virtual currency.
At the same time, ethical concerns exist with this new digital currency. The coupling of no
regulations, virtually free movement of value, and a Ponzi scheme–like system have led
renowned economist Paul Krugman to suggest that “bitcoin is evil.” At the basic level, Krugman
says that “to be successful, money must be both a medium of exchange and a reasonably stable
store of value.” He continues to say that “it remains completely unclear why bitcoin should be a
stable store of value.” Joining in the discussion, Charlie Stross, the British writer of science
fiction, says that “bitcoin looks like it was designed as a weapon intended to damage central
banking and money issuing banks, with a Libertarian political agenda in mind—to damage
states\' ability to collect tax and monitor their citizens\' financial transactions.”
What is the difference between bitcoin and normal currency, such as the U.S. dollar? Bitcoin is
an unregulated peer-to-peer digital currency that is not backed by any other commodity such as
gold or silver. Bitcoins exist almost entirely in the digital, online world, although some bitcoins
have actually been privately minted. The U.S. dollar, like many other stable currencies, are paper
or coin currency issued by a national reserve–type bank (in the United States, it is the Federal
Reserve Bank). This means that dollars are really Federal Reserve Notes that are printed or
minted at the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing. The dollar is so-called fiat money, which
means that dollars derive their value from the U.S. government regulation or law. Interestingly,
the United States decided in 2014 that bitcoins will be taxed as property, not currency, for
International Revenue Services (IRS) purposes. The IRS defined bitcoin as a “convertible
currency that can be used as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and/or a store of value.”
Technically, Bitcoin with a capitalized “B” refers to the technology and network associated with
the currency, while bitcoin with a lower case “b” refers to the actual currency. The philosophy
underlying the bitcoin is complete mistrust in authority or control—basically a perfectly
stateless, market-based approach, with no country or region-level bank intervention. It is .
^^^Q2. Discuss about Header Node And also write a program fo.pdf
^^^
Q2. Discuss about Header Node?
And also write a program for unordered single linked list and linked implementation of
QUEUE?
Solution
Header node:
Sometimes it is desire to keep an extra node at the front of a List. Such a node doesn’t represent
an item in the List and is called a Header Node or a List Header. The Information field of such
Header node might be unused but the Next field maintains the first node address. More often the
information of such a node could be used to keep Global Information about the Entire List.
One of the applications of Header node is the information portion of the Header node contains
the number of nodes (not including Header) in the List. In this Structure the Header must be
adjusted the total number of nodes when we apply addition or deletion operation on the List. We
can directly obtained the total number of nodes without traversing the entire List.
By using this application, we can develop Data Structure Stack easily. Since Header node
information field maintains the number of elements that the Stack contains.
Another application is we can simply develop the Data Structure Queue. Until now, two external
pointers, Front & Rear, were necessary for a List to represent a Queue. However, now only a
single external pointer is sufficient to maintain a Queue that is Head node. Because the Header
node next field behave like a Front and information field of Header node maintains last node
address so that it is behave like a Rear .
Another possibility for the use of the information portion of a List Header is as a pointer
to a Curr node in the List during a traversal process. This would be eliminate the node for an
external pointer during traversal.
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct node
{
char info;
struct node *next;
};
typedef struct node sl;
void display(sl *);
sl * create(sl *root)
{
sl *curr,*new;
char val;
printf(\"\ Enter $ to STOP --- Otherwise Continue : \");
fflush(stdin);
scanf(\"%c\",&val);
while(val != \'$\')
{
new=(sl *) malloc(sizeof(sl));
new->info = val;
new->next = NULL;
if(root == NULL)
root = new;
else
{
curr = root;
while( curr->next != NULL )
curr = curr->next;
curr->next = new;
}
printf(\" Enter $ to STOP --- Otherwise Continue : \");
fflush(stdin);
scanf(\"%c\",&val);
}
printf(\"\ The Created Linked List Is \ \");
display(root);
return root;
}
sl * delete(sl *root,char val)
{
sl *temp,*curr,*rear;
curr = root;
rear = NULL;
while( curr != NULL && val != curr->info )
{
rear = curr;
curr = curr->next;
}
if(curr == NULL)
{
if( rear == NULL)
{
printf(\"\ Linked List is Empty\");
printf(\"\ Deletion is not Possible \");
}
else
{
printf(\"\ deleted Node does not exist in List\");
printf(\"\ Deletion is not Possible \");
}
}
else
{
if( rear == NULL)
{
temp = root;
root = root->next;
}
else
{
temp = curr;
rear->next = curr->next;
}
printf(\"\ Node is deleted \");
printf(\"\ Deleted Node information is %c\",temp->info);
free(temp);
}
display(root);
return root;
}
sl * insert(sl *root,char va.
Write the code segments to create a monitor that has the same behavi.pdf
Write the code segments to create a monitor that has the same behavior as a semaphore.
Monitor semaphore {
//initialization
// synchronization condition variable
// methods
wait ( )
signal ( )
}
Solution
I assume the code is to be written in Java as no language is specified. The solution is below:
public class Monitor_Semaphore {
private int count;
//initialize
public Semaphore (int init)
{
count = init;
}
//signal
synchronized public void S() {
count++;
notify();
}
//wait
synchronized public void W()
throws InterruptedException {
while (count == 0) wait();
count--;
}
public void Method1(){
W();
//critical section
S();
}
}.
Which of the following is NOT a rationale for using mRNA intermed.pdf
Which of the following is NOT a rationale for using mRNA intermediates in gene expression?
to preserve its original, pristine copy of the gene DNA lacks the necessary information for
protein production. to amplify the response to its changing needs to connect the information
(DNA) with protein-producing organelles (ribosomes)
Solution
Answer b) DNA lacks the necessary information for protein production.
Reason - This is not true because DNA contains all the necessary information required to code
all the proteins. the same information is being transcribed on mRNA molecule during
transcription process and the same information is translated into an amino acid sequence from
mRNA into protein. in fact, DNA contains all the necessary information for protein production..
Which elements are in series and which are in parallel in Figure P1.3.pdf
Which elements are in series and which are in parallel in Figure P1.39? b. What is the
relationship between i_a and i_e? c. Given that i_b = 8 A, and i_c = -2 A, determine the values of
i_a and i_d.
Solution
Elements are in series-A-E,C-D...
A,E and C,D is parallel with B
ia ie are equall,but opposite in magnitude(ie) ia=-ie
ia+ic=ib;
ia=ib-ic= 8-(-2)=10A
where ic=-id so id=-(-2)=2A.
What domain is horizontal gene transfer most common within Multiple .pdf
What domain is horizontal gene transfer most common within? Multiple choice Horizontal gene
transfer is common to all domains. Archaea Bacteria Bacteria and Eukarya Eukarya
Solution
Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism by which short DNA fragments are transferred between
organisms by direct uptake from environment (not via reproduction).
It is most common in prokaryotes, although it occurs in other domains also.
Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism by which short DNA fragments are transferred between
organisms by direct uptake from environment (not via reproduction).
It is most common in prokaryotes, although it occurs in other domains also.Ans: c- bacteria.
This problem is based on the B92 method of quantum key distri.pdf
This problem is based on the \"B92\" method of quantum key distribution. See Physics World.
May 1999. Photons are directed at a polaroid sheet held by Alice. The Transmission Axis (TA)
of Alice\'s sheet is either vertical (V) or at 45degree. When Alice wants to send a \"1\" bit she
uses the 45degree orientation and when she wants to send a \"0\" bit she uses the V orientation.
Some distance away Bob has two polaroid sheets. His polaroid TA can be either horizontal (H)
or at -45degree. When Bob uses his H sheet he assigns a \"1\" bit to any photon he observes.
When Bob uses his -45degree sheet he assigns a \"0\" bit to any photon he observes. For each of
the two types of photons that Alice can send make a table showing what Bob sees with each of
his two polaroid orientations. For each case give the probability that Bob sees a photon. Bob
and Alice keep the bits for which Bob saw a photon and they use these as the key. In this method
they never discuss the polaroid orientations but just note the cases where Bob observed a photon.
Show that for the kept subset of bits Bob and Alice agree on the bit values. Alice and Bob
choose their polaroid sheets at random. What fraction of bits sent by Alice will be seen by Bob
and therefore used? What happens if an evesdropper Eve, places a polaroid sheet (for example
in the H direction) between Alice and Bob. What fraction of photons will Alice and Bob agree
on now?
Solution
If Alice and Bob use the sheets at random, Bob would see 50% of bits sent by Alice on an
average.
if a polaroid with H direction is placed in between Alice and Bob, he would see a photon always.
The phtons coming out of the intermdiate would be alinged along H, which can be consdiered as
composed of +45 and -45. Thus Bob will always see a photon, whether he uses H sheet or -45
sheet.AliceAliceBobBobBob.Porb.V0H000-4511+451H111-4500.
The _ operator can be used to determine a variable address The variab.pdf
The _ operator can be used to determine a variable address The variable declared inside a
structure declaration are called _. The _ operator allows us to access structure members Multiple
Choices - Select the best answer and write it In the blank. Functions prototype are terminated
with a semicolon. False True Many functions may have local variables with the same name.
False True the execution of this program segment and write the outputs accordingly.
Solution
1) The address operator can be used to determine a variable\'s address
2) The variables declared inside a structure declaration are called members
3) The dot operator allows you to access structure members.
1) Functions prototype are terminated with a semicolon
True
2) Many functions may have local variables with the same name
True.
The main difference between passive and active transport is the spec.pdf
The main difference between passive and active transport is the specificity of the target
molecule involved. the requirement for ATP. various gradient and osmotic pressures within the
cell. the ability to maintain voltage across the membrane. diffusion versus membrane protein
mediated transport. Co-transport occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives
transport of another solute. 2 ions are transported in opposite directions across the membrane. a
proton pump makes ATP. the voltage across the membrane suddenly changes. only during
photosynthesis in plants. Match the following terms Phagocytosis Cell pooping. (_____)
Pinocytosis Ingesting big particles. (_____) Exocytosis Cell sipping. (_____)
Solution
Answers :
Question number 6 : The correct answer is B ( The requirement of ATP)
Explanation : Passive transport is a type of transport in which ions or molecule move across a
membrane down the concentration gradient. It doesnot uses any metabolic energy for this
purpose. There are three types of passive transport which includes osmosis, simple diffusion and
facilitated diffusion. In contrast to passive transport, active transport uses metabolic energy such
as ATP to move an ion or a molecule against their concentration gradient (from a region of lower
concentration to regions of higher concentration). Example of active transporter : Na+ K+
ATPase pump..
The opposite movement of supination is ___. Pronation flexion exte.pdf
The opposite movement of supination is ___. Pronation flexion extension opposition
circumduction The lateral malleolus is part of which bone? Fibula Humerus Femur Patella
Tibia The glenoid cavity is part of which bone? Humerus ulna scapule ilium clavicle
Solution
Ans. 1) Pronation (it is the opposite movement of supination).
2.) Fibula (Lateral malleolus is part of fibula).
3.) Humerus (Glenoid cavity is part of humerous)..
The latter or final stages of an RNA based heriditary world were lik.pdf
The latter or final stages of an RNA based heriditary world were likely dominated by
a. cellularized RNA heredity systems using ribosomes for the syntheis of proteins
b. DNA based cells with nuclei
c. RNA oligonucleotides experimenting with self replication
d. RNA based cells with ribosomes but without nuclei
e. cellularized RNA heredity systems experimenting with additional ribozymes for the synthesis
of proteins
Solution
Finak stages of RNA based hereditary world were likely dominated by
e. cellularized RNA heredity systems experimenting with additional ribozymes for the synthesis
of proteins.
The synthesis of new protreins at the final stage will lead to the inheritance of new traits..
The following table is a summary of randomly chosen student evaluati.pdf
The following table is a summary of randomly chosen student evaluations of faculty at a
university over a three-year period. The researcher is interested in whether the distribution of
evaluations differs by faculty rank.
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225
Which of the following correctly characterizes the p-value?
a.
p-value < .01
b.
.01 < p-value < .025
c.
.025 < p-value < .05
d.
.05 < p-value < .10
e.
p-value > .10
Do the above data provide evidence at the .025 level that evaluation and faculty rank are
dependent?
a.
yes
b.
no
c.
cannot be determined
d.
maybe?
e.
Pie
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225
Solution
The following table is a summary of randomly chosen student evaluations of faculty at a
university over a three-year period. The researcher is interested in whether the distribution of
evaluations differs by faculty rank.
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225
Chi-Square Test
Observed Frequencies
Column variable
Calculations
Row variable
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
fo-fe
Above Average
44
36
34
114
6
3.0667
-9.0667
Below Average
31
29
51
111
-6
-3.0667
9.0667
Total
75
65
85
225
Expected Frequencies
Column variable
Row variable
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
(fo-fe)^2/fe
Above Average
38
32.9333
43.0667
114
0.9474
0.2856
1.9088
Below Average
37
32.0667
41.9333
111
0.9730
0.2933
1.9604
Total
75
65
85
225
Data
Level of Significance
0.025
Number of Rows
2
Number of Columns
3
Degrees of Freedom
2
Results
Critical Value
7.3778
Chi-Square Test Statistic
6.3683
p-Value
0.0414
Do not Reject the null hypothesis
Which of the following correctly characterizes the p-value?
a.
p-value < .01
b.
.01 < p-value < .025
c.
.025 < p-value < .05
d.
.05 < p-value < .10
e.
p-value > .10
Do the above data provide evidence at the .025 level that evaluation and faculty rank are
dependent?
a.
yes
b.
no
c.
cannot be determined
d.
maybe?
e.
Pie
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225.
A female carrier of Tay-Sachs wants to have a child with a male carri.pdf
A female carrier of Tay-Sachs wants to have a child with a male carrier for Tay-Sachs. Tay-
Sachs is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Using the letters \"T\" and T fill out the
following table.
Solution
Autosomal recessive conditions are associated with non sex chromosomes and the disease allele
must be present in homozygous condition to inflict the disease. Tay-Sachs is a sphingolipidoses
associated with mutation in the HEXA gene situated on the chromosome 15. A defective copy of
both the allele for HEXA gene will lead to Tay sachs. Lets say that the wild type HEXA gene is
T and defective gene is t.
genotype of Mother - Tt; phenotype of mother- carrier
genotype of father-Tt; phenotype of father- carrier
Cross between the two:
Parents: Tt X Tt
offsprings: TT; Tt; Tt; ttFemaleMaleGenotypeTT; Tt; Tt; ttTT; Tt; Tt; ttPhenotypeNormal;
carrier; carrier; affectedNormal; carrier; carrier; affectedGenotypes of sperm/ovaSame as the
individualsame as the individual.
So I dont understand explicit equations. Whats the formula and how.pdf
So I don\'t understand explicit equations. Whats the formula and how are they different than
recursive?
Solution
in explicit formula we just need to know the term number to find any term of the sequence
whereas in recursive formula each term is defined by its preceding term.so to find any term of
the sequence we must know the preceding term
lets understand by an example
let a sequence be 1, 4 , 7 , 10 ...
a1 = 1 , difference between 2 terms = 3
for explicit formula
an = a1 + (n-1)*3
we just need to plug the value of n to get any term of the sequence
for recursive formula
an+1 = an + 3
to get any term of the sequence we need to know the preceding term
for eaxample
to find a3 we plug n = 2
a2+1 = a2 + 3
a3 = a2+ 3
tehrefore we need to know a2 term to get a3 term.
Sapling Learning Select the statements that explain why duplication i.pdf
Sapling Learning Select the statements that explain why duplication is a driving force for
evolution and the generation of genes. variations can occur when random fixed mutations are
introduced into a new chromosomal Duplication of a gene segment always results in novel
phenotypes. Duplicated genes provide extra copies of DNA that are not constrained by an
essential function. Genes duplicate then diverge from the original sequence to create novel genes
and
Solution
Statement No. 1, 3 and 4 justify the fact that Gene duplication driving force behind Evolution.
1) Occurence of fixed mutation in new genotypic environment result may result into deletion of
another gene function or enhancement of gene responsible for a particular phenotype. this
enhancement (example curvature of spine and straightening of posture) or deletion (example
disappearance of tail) can be beneficial to the organism and is passed to future generations thus
leading to evolution of new species.
2) Duplicate copies of DNA, after a period of time, are often rendered redundant and are no
longer constrained by any essential function. These redundant copies often result in acquiring
new function and lead to evolution.
3) Gene duplication, followed by their divergence leads to formation of novel genes and take part
in evolution.
4) Novel gene generation result may from interaction between two different genes. However, it is
not always that duplication of a gene will always result in new phenotypes.
Thus, Statement 1,3 and 4 are true to the statement that gene duplication result into evolution and
generation of new genes..
Question 1 Humans have affected different organism populations in wh.pdf
Question 1 Humans have affected different organism populations in which of the following
ways? (Select all that apply) overfishing agriculture poaching habitat destruction An
explanation supported by a large body of observations and experimentation is referred to as a(n):
hypothesis. investigation. prediction. supposition. theory. Interactions between organisms lead
to the evolution of particular traits in populations of those organisms over time. False True
Mutations always result in death of the organism that acquires them. False True Variation
among individuals in a species is usually caused by: environmental variation.
Solution
1. Human activities, in its extreme form have adversely affected different population of
organisms. The important activities that contributed to the negative impacts include overfishing,
poaching, agriculture, and habitat destruction.
Overfishing happens when large volumes of fish are caught than its population is capable of
replacing through natural reproduction. This activity adversely affects the balance of life in the
oceans and also the social and economic well-being of the coastal communities\' dependant on
fishing as their livelihood. Eg: The population of Atlantic bluefin tuna has declined and is facing
near extinction. Targeted fishing of predators, such as tuna and groupers, led to over population
of smaller marine species, such as sardines and anchovies, thus changing the marine ecosystem.
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) by United Nations has published a two
yearly report in 2006 giving the statistical data on the effects of overfishing.
Poaching is the activity of illegal or unauthorized hunting of a specific animal species for sport
or profit. The excessive and unregulated hunting of African elephants for their tusk has lead to
the drastic reduction in their population. The poaching of wolves, which is the natural predator of
elk, lead to an unsustainable population level of the later resulting in scarcity of food sources and
their mass extinction.
The unsustainable agricultural practices pose the greatest instant threat to species and ecosystems
around the world. The adverse environmental impacts include habitat loss of species (due to land
conversion), environment pollution, soil erosion, climate change and genetic erosion.
Habitat destruction occurs when irreversible change has happened to an area that is incapable of
supporting the natural wildlife. This change can be destruction, fragmentation, or degradation.
Eg: Clearing a wooded area using bull dozer, filling of wetlands, construction of roads and dams
etc..
Problem 4. The ancient Romans employed a volcanic ash called pozzolan.pdf
Problem 4. The ancient Romans employed a volcanic ash called pozzolana to make a material
somewhat similar to the modern Portland cement concrete. Consult sources bevond the textbook
and write two or three paragraphs about how this material differed from modern concrete, and
how it was similar, and the Roman\'s degree of success in using it as a building material
Solution
solution
A pozzolanic material is essentially a silicious or aluminous material which in itself possess no
cementitious properties, which in finely divided form and in the presence of water reacts with
calcium hydroxide, liberated in the hydration process at ordinary temperature to produce
compounds possessing cementitious properties.
This is differed from modern concrete as pozzola portland cement produces less heat of
hydration and offers great resistance to the attack of impurities in water than OPC. It evolves less
heat and its initial strength is less but final strength is equal to OPC.It has lower rate of
development of strength than OPC.
presence of protected, multicellular embryoshaploid (n) gametophytes a.pdf
presence of protected, multicellular embryoshaploid (n) gametophytes and diploid (2n)
sporophytespigments that capture the energy in sunlightalternation of generations
Solution
Option (b) is correct.
a. - animals have multi-cellular embryos, as well as plants
c. - photosynthetic bacteria have pigments to capture energy in sunlight.
Plants and ChromatographySeparation of Photosynthetic Pigments by .pdf
Plants and Chromatography
Separation of Photosynthetic Pigments by Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography and Leaf Pigments
Why do some pigments move further than the others? (What happens if the solvent is rubbing
alchohol?)
Solution
Answer:
The speed at which a particular pigment moves depends on its relative affinities for the two
solvent phases-Mobile phase (solvent) and stationary phase (water)
If the pigment has no affinity whatever for the water phase, it will travel at maximum speed. On
the other hand, if the pigment has no affinity whatever for the non-polar phase, it will remain
stuck at the origin of application..
On saturday morning, Pam walked for 2 hours and then ran for 30 minu.pdf
On saturday morning, Pam walked for 2 hours and then ran for 30 minutes. If she ran twice as
fast as she walked and she covered 12 miles altogether, then how fast did she walk?
Solution
rt+rt=d
r=2w
2w+1/2r=12
2w+1/2(2w)=12
3w=12
w=4
r=8
Reminder:
You are limited to one problem per submission.
No more than 4 submissions daily
No similar problems..
1)Why have concerns over pollution become so important for managemen.pdf
1)Why have concerns over pollution become so important for management and directors?
2)How can corporations ensure that their employees behave ethically?
Solution
1) Stakeholders increasingly expect that a company\'s activities are in the best interest of the
society and the people. Stakeholders want their companies to work not just to increase their
wealth but also their standard of living by keeping the pollution to a level which is well below
the environmental guidelines and which is not harmful to the people (ie: responsible for smog,
polluted water, acid rain). Also, now it has become the corporate social responsibilty to keep the
pollution level well below the guidelines and rules. This helps to increase the goodwill of the
company which in turn increase the faith of investors in the company.
2) Corporations can ensure the same by taking various steps and incentives. Following are
certain ways by which corporations can esure the same:-
There should be a proper code of conduct within the company which says that employees should
behave in a certain way. Employees must be motivated and trained and be given incentives to
work hard in the interests of stockholders. Their behavior must be observed to ensure they do not
behave illegally or unethically that threaten the trust of stockholders and public in the compny. In
many companies employees focus on maximizing their own wealth. In an effort to prevent
scandals the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), continues to increase regulations that
increase transparencies and eliminate conflicts of interest. The SEC’s goal after each major crisis
is to prevent the unethical behavior and illegal behavior. Corporations can ensure that their
employees behave ethically by creating segregation of duties where appropriate, creating an
incentive program that doesn’t encourage unethical behavior, having control systems in place, a
proper hiring process, and athorough training process. There should be proper system in place to
ensure that such unethical behaviour will be caught. Corporations need to ensure that their
employees understand their responsibilities in carrying out their duties and responsibilities..
history adaptaion of gorials. what is their parental care, please ci.pdf
history adaptaion of gorials. what is their parental care, please cite any refrences or sources if
possible
Solution
Parental care is a kind of behavior in which parent show care ,nurture and rear offspring that is
biologically inherited. In most the higher mammals like gorillas such behavior is common
.Gorilla shows parental care .Adult male gorilla after becoming father shows parental care by
cuddling holding babies .While mother breast feed their children and remain protective..
How are devices called that were on the market before FDA started reg.pdf
How are devices called that were on the market before FDA started regulating medical devices
in 1976? Predicate devices Pre-amendment devices Pre-approved devices None of the above
What elements are part of the usual process of establishing safety and effectiveness for a PMA
device? Human testing Bench testing Animal testing All of the above
Solution
Please find the answers below:
Part 3: Choice b (Before the guidelines of FDA on 28th May 1976, the devices used to pateints
were called as pre-amendment devices. A pre-amendment device is analysed by FDA for its
safety, distribution and usability by patients by various means and at various levels of quarantine
such as claims, technical, administrative and literature)
Part 4: Choice d (FDA checks all the products for their safety of utilization by pateints. This
includes all, the laboratory testing or bench testing, tests conducted in vitro and in vivo using
cellular and animal models along with any data from human clinical trial data. This ensures the
safety of utilization of any device by the patients.).
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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Which of the following is NOT a rationale for using mRNA intermed.pdf
Which of the following is NOT a rationale for using mRNA intermediates in gene expression?
to preserve its original, pristine copy of the gene DNA lacks the necessary information for
protein production. to amplify the response to its changing needs to connect the information
(DNA) with protein-producing organelles (ribosomes)
Solution
Answer b) DNA lacks the necessary information for protein production.
Reason - This is not true because DNA contains all the necessary information required to code
all the proteins. the same information is being transcribed on mRNA molecule during
transcription process and the same information is translated into an amino acid sequence from
mRNA into protein. in fact, DNA contains all the necessary information for protein production..
Which elements are in series and which are in parallel in Figure P1.3.pdf
Which elements are in series and which are in parallel in Figure P1.39? b. What is the
relationship between i_a and i_e? c. Given that i_b = 8 A, and i_c = -2 A, determine the values of
i_a and i_d.
Solution
Elements are in series-A-E,C-D...
A,E and C,D is parallel with B
ia ie are equall,but opposite in magnitude(ie) ia=-ie
ia+ic=ib;
ia=ib-ic= 8-(-2)=10A
where ic=-id so id=-(-2)=2A.
What domain is horizontal gene transfer most common within Multiple .pdf
What domain is horizontal gene transfer most common within? Multiple choice Horizontal gene
transfer is common to all domains. Archaea Bacteria Bacteria and Eukarya Eukarya
Solution
Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism by which short DNA fragments are transferred between
organisms by direct uptake from environment (not via reproduction).
It is most common in prokaryotes, although it occurs in other domains also.
Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism by which short DNA fragments are transferred between
organisms by direct uptake from environment (not via reproduction).
It is most common in prokaryotes, although it occurs in other domains also.Ans: c- bacteria.
This problem is based on the B92 method of quantum key distri.pdf
This problem is based on the \"B92\" method of quantum key distribution. See Physics World.
May 1999. Photons are directed at a polaroid sheet held by Alice. The Transmission Axis (TA)
of Alice\'s sheet is either vertical (V) or at 45degree. When Alice wants to send a \"1\" bit she
uses the 45degree orientation and when she wants to send a \"0\" bit she uses the V orientation.
Some distance away Bob has two polaroid sheets. His polaroid TA can be either horizontal (H)
or at -45degree. When Bob uses his H sheet he assigns a \"1\" bit to any photon he observes.
When Bob uses his -45degree sheet he assigns a \"0\" bit to any photon he observes. For each of
the two types of photons that Alice can send make a table showing what Bob sees with each of
his two polaroid orientations. For each case give the probability that Bob sees a photon. Bob
and Alice keep the bits for which Bob saw a photon and they use these as the key. In this method
they never discuss the polaroid orientations but just note the cases where Bob observed a photon.
Show that for the kept subset of bits Bob and Alice agree on the bit values. Alice and Bob
choose their polaroid sheets at random. What fraction of bits sent by Alice will be seen by Bob
and therefore used? What happens if an evesdropper Eve, places a polaroid sheet (for example
in the H direction) between Alice and Bob. What fraction of photons will Alice and Bob agree
on now?
Solution
If Alice and Bob use the sheets at random, Bob would see 50% of bits sent by Alice on an
average.
if a polaroid with H direction is placed in between Alice and Bob, he would see a photon always.
The phtons coming out of the intermdiate would be alinged along H, which can be consdiered as
composed of +45 and -45. Thus Bob will always see a photon, whether he uses H sheet or -45
sheet.AliceAliceBobBobBob.Porb.V0H000-4511+451H111-4500.
The _ operator can be used to determine a variable address The variab.pdf
The _ operator can be used to determine a variable address The variable declared inside a
structure declaration are called _. The _ operator allows us to access structure members Multiple
Choices - Select the best answer and write it In the blank. Functions prototype are terminated
with a semicolon. False True Many functions may have local variables with the same name.
False True the execution of this program segment and write the outputs accordingly.
Solution
1) The address operator can be used to determine a variable\'s address
2) The variables declared inside a structure declaration are called members
3) The dot operator allows you to access structure members.
1) Functions prototype are terminated with a semicolon
True
2) Many functions may have local variables with the same name
True.
The main difference between passive and active transport is the spec.pdf
The main difference between passive and active transport is the specificity of the target
molecule involved. the requirement for ATP. various gradient and osmotic pressures within the
cell. the ability to maintain voltage across the membrane. diffusion versus membrane protein
mediated transport. Co-transport occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives
transport of another solute. 2 ions are transported in opposite directions across the membrane. a
proton pump makes ATP. the voltage across the membrane suddenly changes. only during
photosynthesis in plants. Match the following terms Phagocytosis Cell pooping. (_____)
Pinocytosis Ingesting big particles. (_____) Exocytosis Cell sipping. (_____)
Solution
Answers :
Question number 6 : The correct answer is B ( The requirement of ATP)
Explanation : Passive transport is a type of transport in which ions or molecule move across a
membrane down the concentration gradient. It doesnot uses any metabolic energy for this
purpose. There are three types of passive transport which includes osmosis, simple diffusion and
facilitated diffusion. In contrast to passive transport, active transport uses metabolic energy such
as ATP to move an ion or a molecule against their concentration gradient (from a region of lower
concentration to regions of higher concentration). Example of active transporter : Na+ K+
ATPase pump..
The opposite movement of supination is ___. Pronation flexion exte.pdf
The opposite movement of supination is ___. Pronation flexion extension opposition
circumduction The lateral malleolus is part of which bone? Fibula Humerus Femur Patella
Tibia The glenoid cavity is part of which bone? Humerus ulna scapule ilium clavicle
Solution
Ans. 1) Pronation (it is the opposite movement of supination).
2.) Fibula (Lateral malleolus is part of fibula).
3.) Humerus (Glenoid cavity is part of humerous)..
The latter or final stages of an RNA based heriditary world were lik.pdf
The latter or final stages of an RNA based heriditary world were likely dominated by
a. cellularized RNA heredity systems using ribosomes for the syntheis of proteins
b. DNA based cells with nuclei
c. RNA oligonucleotides experimenting with self replication
d. RNA based cells with ribosomes but without nuclei
e. cellularized RNA heredity systems experimenting with additional ribozymes for the synthesis
of proteins
Solution
Finak stages of RNA based hereditary world were likely dominated by
e. cellularized RNA heredity systems experimenting with additional ribozymes for the synthesis
of proteins.
The synthesis of new protreins at the final stage will lead to the inheritance of new traits..
The following table is a summary of randomly chosen student evaluati.pdf
The following table is a summary of randomly chosen student evaluations of faculty at a
university over a three-year period. The researcher is interested in whether the distribution of
evaluations differs by faculty rank.
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225
Which of the following correctly characterizes the p-value?
a.
p-value < .01
b.
.01 < p-value < .025
c.
.025 < p-value < .05
d.
.05 < p-value < .10
e.
p-value > .10
Do the above data provide evidence at the .025 level that evaluation and faculty rank are
dependent?
a.
yes
b.
no
c.
cannot be determined
d.
maybe?
e.
Pie
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225
Solution
The following table is a summary of randomly chosen student evaluations of faculty at a
university over a three-year period. The researcher is interested in whether the distribution of
evaluations differs by faculty rank.
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225
Chi-Square Test
Observed Frequencies
Column variable
Calculations
Row variable
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
fo-fe
Above Average
44
36
34
114
6
3.0667
-9.0667
Below Average
31
29
51
111
-6
-3.0667
9.0667
Total
75
65
85
225
Expected Frequencies
Column variable
Row variable
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
(fo-fe)^2/fe
Above Average
38
32.9333
43.0667
114
0.9474
0.2856
1.9088
Below Average
37
32.0667
41.9333
111
0.9730
0.2933
1.9604
Total
75
65
85
225
Data
Level of Significance
0.025
Number of Rows
2
Number of Columns
3
Degrees of Freedom
2
Results
Critical Value
7.3778
Chi-Square Test Statistic
6.3683
p-Value
0.0414
Do not Reject the null hypothesis
Which of the following correctly characterizes the p-value?
a.
p-value < .01
b.
.01 < p-value < .025
c.
.025 < p-value < .05
d.
.05 < p-value < .10
e.
p-value > .10
Do the above data provide evidence at the .025 level that evaluation and faculty rank are
dependent?
a.
yes
b.
no
c.
cannot be determined
d.
maybe?
e.
Pie
Rank
Evaluation
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Total
Above Average
44
36
34
114
Below Average
31
29
51
111
Total
75
65
85
225.
A female carrier of Tay-Sachs wants to have a child with a male carri.pdf
A female carrier of Tay-Sachs wants to have a child with a male carrier for Tay-Sachs. Tay-
Sachs is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Using the letters \"T\" and T fill out the
following table.
Solution
Autosomal recessive conditions are associated with non sex chromosomes and the disease allele
must be present in homozygous condition to inflict the disease. Tay-Sachs is a sphingolipidoses
associated with mutation in the HEXA gene situated on the chromosome 15. A defective copy of
both the allele for HEXA gene will lead to Tay sachs. Lets say that the wild type HEXA gene is
T and defective gene is t.
genotype of Mother - Tt; phenotype of mother- carrier
genotype of father-Tt; phenotype of father- carrier
Cross between the two:
Parents: Tt X Tt
offsprings: TT; Tt; Tt; ttFemaleMaleGenotypeTT; Tt; Tt; ttTT; Tt; Tt; ttPhenotypeNormal;
carrier; carrier; affectedNormal; carrier; carrier; affectedGenotypes of sperm/ovaSame as the
individualsame as the individual.
So I dont understand explicit equations. Whats the formula and how.pdf
So I don\'t understand explicit equations. Whats the formula and how are they different than
recursive?
Solution
in explicit formula we just need to know the term number to find any term of the sequence
whereas in recursive formula each term is defined by its preceding term.so to find any term of
the sequence we must know the preceding term
lets understand by an example
let a sequence be 1, 4 , 7 , 10 ...
a1 = 1 , difference between 2 terms = 3
for explicit formula
an = a1 + (n-1)*3
we just need to plug the value of n to get any term of the sequence
for recursive formula
an+1 = an + 3
to get any term of the sequence we need to know the preceding term
for eaxample
to find a3 we plug n = 2
a2+1 = a2 + 3
a3 = a2+ 3
tehrefore we need to know a2 term to get a3 term.
Sapling Learning Select the statements that explain why duplication i.pdf
Sapling Learning Select the statements that explain why duplication is a driving force for
evolution and the generation of genes. variations can occur when random fixed mutations are
introduced into a new chromosomal Duplication of a gene segment always results in novel
phenotypes. Duplicated genes provide extra copies of DNA that are not constrained by an
essential function. Genes duplicate then diverge from the original sequence to create novel genes
and
Solution
Statement No. 1, 3 and 4 justify the fact that Gene duplication driving force behind Evolution.
1) Occurence of fixed mutation in new genotypic environment result may result into deletion of
another gene function or enhancement of gene responsible for a particular phenotype. this
enhancement (example curvature of spine and straightening of posture) or deletion (example
disappearance of tail) can be beneficial to the organism and is passed to future generations thus
leading to evolution of new species.
2) Duplicate copies of DNA, after a period of time, are often rendered redundant and are no
longer constrained by any essential function. These redundant copies often result in acquiring
new function and lead to evolution.
3) Gene duplication, followed by their divergence leads to formation of novel genes and take part
in evolution.
4) Novel gene generation result may from interaction between two different genes. However, it is
not always that duplication of a gene will always result in new phenotypes.
Thus, Statement 1,3 and 4 are true to the statement that gene duplication result into evolution and
generation of new genes..
Question 1 Humans have affected different organism populations in wh.pdf
Question 1 Humans have affected different organism populations in which of the following
ways? (Select all that apply) overfishing agriculture poaching habitat destruction An
explanation supported by a large body of observations and experimentation is referred to as a(n):
hypothesis. investigation. prediction. supposition. theory. Interactions between organisms lead
to the evolution of particular traits in populations of those organisms over time. False True
Mutations always result in death of the organism that acquires them. False True Variation
among individuals in a species is usually caused by: environmental variation.
Solution
1. Human activities, in its extreme form have adversely affected different population of
organisms. The important activities that contributed to the negative impacts include overfishing,
poaching, agriculture, and habitat destruction.
Overfishing happens when large volumes of fish are caught than its population is capable of
replacing through natural reproduction. This activity adversely affects the balance of life in the
oceans and also the social and economic well-being of the coastal communities\' dependant on
fishing as their livelihood. Eg: The population of Atlantic bluefin tuna has declined and is facing
near extinction. Targeted fishing of predators, such as tuna and groupers, led to over population
of smaller marine species, such as sardines and anchovies, thus changing the marine ecosystem.
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) by United Nations has published a two
yearly report in 2006 giving the statistical data on the effects of overfishing.
Poaching is the activity of illegal or unauthorized hunting of a specific animal species for sport
or profit. The excessive and unregulated hunting of African elephants for their tusk has lead to
the drastic reduction in their population. The poaching of wolves, which is the natural predator of
elk, lead to an unsustainable population level of the later resulting in scarcity of food sources and
their mass extinction.
The unsustainable agricultural practices pose the greatest instant threat to species and ecosystems
around the world. The adverse environmental impacts include habitat loss of species (due to land
conversion), environment pollution, soil erosion, climate change and genetic erosion.
Habitat destruction occurs when irreversible change has happened to an area that is incapable of
supporting the natural wildlife. This change can be destruction, fragmentation, or degradation.
Eg: Clearing a wooded area using bull dozer, filling of wetlands, construction of roads and dams
etc..
Problem 4. The ancient Romans employed a volcanic ash called pozzolan.pdf
Problem 4. The ancient Romans employed a volcanic ash called pozzolana to make a material
somewhat similar to the modern Portland cement concrete. Consult sources bevond the textbook
and write two or three paragraphs about how this material differed from modern concrete, and
how it was similar, and the Roman\'s degree of success in using it as a building material
Solution
solution
A pozzolanic material is essentially a silicious or aluminous material which in itself possess no
cementitious properties, which in finely divided form and in the presence of water reacts with
calcium hydroxide, liberated in the hydration process at ordinary temperature to produce
compounds possessing cementitious properties.
This is differed from modern concrete as pozzola portland cement produces less heat of
hydration and offers great resistance to the attack of impurities in water than OPC. It evolves less
heat and its initial strength is less but final strength is equal to OPC.It has lower rate of
development of strength than OPC.
presence of protected, multicellular embryoshaploid (n) gametophytes a.pdf
presence of protected, multicellular embryoshaploid (n) gametophytes and diploid (2n)
sporophytespigments that capture the energy in sunlightalternation of generations
Solution
Option (b) is correct.
a. - animals have multi-cellular embryos, as well as plants
c. - photosynthetic bacteria have pigments to capture energy in sunlight.
Plants and ChromatographySeparation of Photosynthetic Pigments by .pdf
Plants and Chromatography
Separation of Photosynthetic Pigments by Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography and Leaf Pigments
Why do some pigments move further than the others? (What happens if the solvent is rubbing
alchohol?)
Solution
Answer:
The speed at which a particular pigment moves depends on its relative affinities for the two
solvent phases-Mobile phase (solvent) and stationary phase (water)
If the pigment has no affinity whatever for the water phase, it will travel at maximum speed. On
the other hand, if the pigment has no affinity whatever for the non-polar phase, it will remain
stuck at the origin of application..
On saturday morning, Pam walked for 2 hours and then ran for 30 minu.pdf
On saturday morning, Pam walked for 2 hours and then ran for 30 minutes. If she ran twice as
fast as she walked and she covered 12 miles altogether, then how fast did she walk?
Solution
rt+rt=d
r=2w
2w+1/2r=12
2w+1/2(2w)=12
3w=12
w=4
r=8
Reminder:
You are limited to one problem per submission.
No more than 4 submissions daily
No similar problems..
1)Why have concerns over pollution become so important for managemen.pdf
1)Why have concerns over pollution become so important for management and directors?
2)How can corporations ensure that their employees behave ethically?
Solution
1) Stakeholders increasingly expect that a company\'s activities are in the best interest of the
society and the people. Stakeholders want their companies to work not just to increase their
wealth but also their standard of living by keeping the pollution to a level which is well below
the environmental guidelines and which is not harmful to the people (ie: responsible for smog,
polluted water, acid rain). Also, now it has become the corporate social responsibilty to keep the
pollution level well below the guidelines and rules. This helps to increase the goodwill of the
company which in turn increase the faith of investors in the company.
2) Corporations can ensure the same by taking various steps and incentives. Following are
certain ways by which corporations can esure the same:-
There should be a proper code of conduct within the company which says that employees should
behave in a certain way. Employees must be motivated and trained and be given incentives to
work hard in the interests of stockholders. Their behavior must be observed to ensure they do not
behave illegally or unethically that threaten the trust of stockholders and public in the compny. In
many companies employees focus on maximizing their own wealth. In an effort to prevent
scandals the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), continues to increase regulations that
increase transparencies and eliminate conflicts of interest. The SEC’s goal after each major crisis
is to prevent the unethical behavior and illegal behavior. Corporations can ensure that their
employees behave ethically by creating segregation of duties where appropriate, creating an
incentive program that doesn’t encourage unethical behavior, having control systems in place, a
proper hiring process, and athorough training process. There should be proper system in place to
ensure that such unethical behaviour will be caught. Corporations need to ensure that their
employees understand their responsibilities in carrying out their duties and responsibilities..
history adaptaion of gorials. what is their parental care, please ci.pdf
history adaptaion of gorials. what is their parental care, please cite any refrences or sources if
possible
Solution
Parental care is a kind of behavior in which parent show care ,nurture and rear offspring that is
biologically inherited. In most the higher mammals like gorillas such behavior is common
.Gorilla shows parental care .Adult male gorilla after becoming father shows parental care by
cuddling holding babies .While mother breast feed their children and remain protective..
How are devices called that were on the market before FDA started reg.pdf
How are devices called that were on the market before FDA started regulating medical devices
in 1976? Predicate devices Pre-amendment devices Pre-approved devices None of the above
What elements are part of the usual process of establishing safety and effectiveness for a PMA
device? Human testing Bench testing Animal testing All of the above
Solution
Please find the answers below:
Part 3: Choice b (Before the guidelines of FDA on 28th May 1976, the devices used to pateints
were called as pre-amendment devices. A pre-amendment device is analysed by FDA for its
safety, distribution and usability by patients by various means and at various levels of quarantine
such as claims, technical, administrative and literature)
Part 4: Choice d (FDA checks all the products for their safety of utilization by pateints. This
includes all, the laboratory testing or bench testing, tests conducted in vitro and in vivo using
cellular and animal models along with any data from human clinical trial data. This ensures the
safety of utilization of any device by the patients.).
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