The document outlines the principles of design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA), emphasizing the reduction of parts, standardization, and ease of assembly to enhance efficiency. It provides examples demonstrating improvements in design, such as decreasing the number of parts and simplifying components for cost-effectiveness. Key strategies include using modular designs, multifunctional parts, and ensuring accessibility in the assembly process.

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The basic principles of Design for manufacturing and assembly are,
•Minimize the number and types of parts used in the assembly
• Minimize the use of fasteners (number & types)
•Standardize (eg: material, finishes, parts, processes, tooling, etc.)
•Avoid difficult components (eg: open-ended springs, small/loose HW )
•Use modular subassemblies
• Use multifunctional parts
•Minimize reorientation & assembler awkward movements
(eg: stooping, bending, reaching, tugging, balancing, etc.)
•Use self-locating features (eg: molded shapes, keying, chamfers )
•Avoid special tooling/test equipment
•Provide accessibility for assembly, test/inspection and rework
•Minimize operations & process steps (including excess handling, etc.)

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Example 1:
•Compared to original design, the final design has less number of parts
Example 2:
•Here,the spring is replaced by a part which is already attached to other
part.So,the number of parts is reduced
Example 3:

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•The linkages shown in fig.2 are too complicated, and will take a longer time to
be machined and Manufactured.Also, the two movable joints only provide
rotation about one axis
• The design shown in fig.1 replaces the conventional linkage design, and gives
it more flexibility, more degrees of freedom and hence close to ideal degrees of
rotation, thus increasing the utilization of the lamp as per user requirements
Example 4:
•The improved
design has less
number of screws
than the traditional
design in both cases
Example 5: RIVETED STAPLE REMOVER
→
•The improved style doesn’t tear paper like the claw style and is much
cheaper to produce and is simple without any complications

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