2. Events Preceding the Civil War
• Missouri • Dred Scott v.
Compromise, The Sandford
Compromise of • Differences between
1850, and Kansas- North and South
Nebraska Act • Election of 1860
• Wilmot Proviso • Secession of
• Uncle Tom’s Southern states
Cabin/John Brown’s
Raid
3. New Territories
• California and Texas
• Debate over whether or not new states
would allow slavery.
• Missouri Compromise(1820)- Proposed
by Henry Clay to keep the number of free
states and slave states equal.
4. New Territories
• As a result an imaginary line was drawn across
the southern border of Missouri at latitude 36 30
N. and it only applied to the Louisiana Purchase.
5. New Territories
• Wilmot Proviso-
Proposed by David
Wilmot to ban slavery
in the West.
• The House passed it
in 1846, but shortly
afterwards the Senate
defeated it.
6.
7. Tempers Flair
• California applied for admission to the Union in
1850 to be a free state.
• The issue was so heated that Senator Thomas
Hart Benton of Missouri had a gun pulled on him
by Senator Henry Foote of Mississippi while in
the Senate.
8. Admission of California as a
State
• In 1849, the number of free states equaled
the number of slave states at 15/15.
• Tempers flaired with the admission of
California because the balance between
free and slave states would be off set.
9. Clay vs. Calhoun
Henry Clay John Calhoun
• “the Great Compromiser” • Senator of South Carolina
• Pleads for an agreement • Refused a compromise
between the North and • Demands that fugitive or
South runaway slaves be
• Fear of a nation that will returned to their owners
break apart • Last reported words
• His plan “The 1850: “The Poor South!
Compromise of 1850” God knows what will
become of her now!”
10. Compromise of 1850
• Composed of FIVE parts:
• Allowed California to enter Union as free
state.
• Formed territories of New Mexico and
Utah and decision of slavery based on
popular sovereignty
• Ended slave trade in Washington, D.C.
• Created a strict slave law
• Settled a border dispute between Texas
and New Mexico
11. Fugitive Slave Act: an act that
outraged
• All citizens required to report runaway
slaves
• Caught helping fugitive slaves would result
in a $1000 fine and jail
• Judges given rewards for sending
runaway slaves back to south
• Antislavery advocates in north outraged
• Forced them to be apart of the slavery
system
12. • Antislavery Bestseller
Author: Harriet
Beecher Stowe • Published in 1852
• Showed the evils of
slavery and Fugitive
Slave Act
• Popular in North and
hated in the South
• Southern complaint: did
not give a true picture of
slave life
• Made more northerners
see slavery as immoral
13. Kansas
• Many Americans hoped that the
Compromise of 1850 would end the
debate over slavery in the West.
• However, shortly after the Compromise of
1850 proslavery and antislavery forces
struggled to attain Kansas.
14. Election Day in Kansas
• One observer described election day in
Kansas as being terrifying.
• The observer described the citizens from
Missouri as being angry and armed while
looking for a fight. (pg. 468)
15. Abraham Lincoln
• After hearing about the events that took
place in Kansas, Abraham Lincoln
predicted that bloodshed would occur.
• At this time, he was a young lawyer from
Illinois.
16. Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Proposed by Stephen
Douglas.
• Established territories
of Kansas and
Nebraska.
• Gave settlers popular
sovereignty to decide
on slavery issue.
17.
18. Northern Outrage
• Many northerners were unhappy
with the Kansas-Nebraska Act
because it repealed the Missouri
Compromise.
19. Tensions build in Kansas
•Proslavery and antislavery
settlers moved into the Kansas
territory.
•Many farmers from neighboring
states moved to the territory in
hopes of gaining cheap land.
20. Two Governments in Kansas
• Proslavery: • Antislavery:
• Elections in 1855, • Refused to abide by
established a laws of the proslavery
proslavery legislature. government.
• New laws were • Established their own
passed that made governor and
helping slaves escape legislature.
punishable by death
21. Bleeding Kansas
• Proslavery raid on the town of
Lawrence.(Antislavery stronghold)
• John Brown, an abolitionist, struck back
by murdering five proslavery settlers.
• These events led to even more violence
and by 1856, more than 200 people had
been killed.
•
22. Violence in the
Senate…Again!!!
• Abolitionist leader Charles Sumner of
Massachusetts criticized Andrew Butler of
South Carolina for proslavery views.
• Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston
Brooks, responded a few days later by
marching into the Senate chamber and
beating Sumner with a cane.
23.
24. Dred Scott
• Slave that was from Missouri and had
lived in Wisconsin and Illinois. (two free
states)
• After Scott returned to Missouri his owner
died.
• Issue led to the Supreme Court case
known as Dred Scott v. Sandford.
25. Dred Scott
• Scott’s lawyers argued that he had lived in
a free territory, so he was a free man.
• Court ruled that Scott could not file a
lawsuit because he was not a citizen.
• Court decision also stated that slaves
were considered to be property.
• The Supreme Court also ruled that
Congress could not outlaw slavery, which
made the Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional.
26.
27. The Republican Party
• Formed to give a voice against slavery.
• Supporters of the new party fed up with
Whigs and Democrats.
• Main goal was to keep slavery out of
western territories.
28. Lincoln v. Douglas for Senate in
1858
Lincoln’s views Douglas’s views
• Slavery was morally • Western territories should
wrong. decide slavery issue by
• Wanted to prevent the popular sovereignty.
spread of slavery. • Personally disliked
slavery.
• Douglas won the election
by a slim margin.
29. John Brown’s Raid
• Abolitionist that led a raid to the town of
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.
• Planned to raid a federal arsenal and lead
African Americans in a revolt.
• After gaining control of the arsenal
Brown’s plans failed because Robert E.
Lee’s men killed ten raiders and captured
Brown.
30. Election of 1860
• Democratic party slit in two:
• Southern democrats -supported slavery in
the territories. Represented by John
Breckinridge.
• Northern democrats- refused to support
slavery in the territories. Represented by
Stephen Douglas.
31. Election of 1860
• Constitutional Union party- established to
try and heal the split between the North
and South. Represented by John Bell of
Tennessee.
• Republican party- Represented by
Abraham Lincoln.
• Abraham Lincoln won the northern states
which sealed the election.
• However, Lincoln’s name was not even on
the ballot in 10 southern states.
32.
33. Southern Reaction
• Abraham Lincoln’s election left the South
feeling like they had no representation in
the federal government.
• As a result South Carolina seceded on
December 20, 1860 and Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and
Texas followed by 1861.
34. The Confederacy
• Southerners felt they could secede because Declaration
said people could abolish government.
• Confederate States of America was formed and
Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was the first president.
35. The Civil War Begins
• Lincoln stated that
there would be no war
unless South started
it.
• As a result,
Confederate forces
began taking over
forts in the South.
36. Fort Sumter
• Located in South Carolina
• Important to the Confederacy because it
guarded Charleston Harbor
• Confederate forces demanded the fort to
surrender, but the commander refused to.
• As a result, Confederate forces fired on the fort
until it surrendered.
• This event marked the start of the Civil War.
