This chapter discusses key concepts in public speaking including: 1) The power of public speaking and how it has allowed many to spread ideas throughout history. 2) Similarities and differences between public speaking and conversation, noting public speaking requires more structure and formal language. 3) Developing confidence in public speaking and transforming nervousness into "positive nervousness" through preparation and experience. 4) The importance of critical thinking in public speaking and its role in developing traits like intellectual humility, autonomy, and fairness.

1. Public Speaking
Chapter 1
Dra. Baby Poernomo, M.A
Department of Human Services

2. Chapter 1
a. The Power of Public Speaking
b. Similarities between Public Speaking
& Conversation
c. Differences between Public Speaking
& Conversation
d. Developing Confidence
e. Public Speaking & Critical Thinking
f. Cultural Diversity & Public Speaking

3. The Power of Public Speaking
During modern times many women and men
Around the globe have spread their ideas
And influence through public speaking.

4. Similarities between Public Speaking & Conversation
a. Organizing your thought logically
b. Tailoring your message to your audience
c. Telling a story for maximum impact
d. Adapting to listener feedback

5. Differences between Public Speaking & Conversation
a. Public Speaking is more highly structured
b. Public Speaking requires more formal language
c. Public Speaking requires a different method of delivery

6. Developing your confidence
Nervousness is normal
“Rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright,
you should aim at transforming it from a negative force into
what one expert calls positive nervousness - azesty,
enthusiastic”

7. 6 ways to turn your nervousness
Turn From a negative force into a positive one
1. Acquire speaking experience
2. Prepare-Prepare-Prepare
3. Think Positively
4. Use the Power of Visualization (VIDEO)
5. Know that most nervousness is not visible
6. Don’t Expect Perfection

8. Think Positively
Negative Thought Positive Thought
(1) I wish I didn’t have to give (1) This speech is a chance for me to
this speech share my ideas and gain
experience as a speaker
(2) I’m not a great public
(2) No one’s perfect, but I’m getting
speaker better with each speech I give
(3) I’m always nervous when I (3) Everyone’s nervous. If other
give a speech people can handle it, I can too
(4) No one will be interested (4) I have a good topic and I’m fully
prepared. Of course they’ll be
in what I have to say interested.

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10. Public Speaking & Critical Thinking

11. “Disciplined,
self-directed
thinking . . . ”*
The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987.

12. In “everyday” language:
• Thinking “outside” the box
• Thinking about thinking
• “Unlimited” thinking
• Divergent thinking

13. “The intellectually disciplined
process of actively and skillfully
conceptualizing,
applying,
analyzing,
synthesizing,
and evaluating information.”*
* The National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987.

14. “Critical thinking is the art of analyzing
and evaluating thinking with a view
to improving it.”*
*The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking:
Concepts And Tools, 5 ed. The Foundation for
Critical Thinking, 2008.

15. “Critical thinking is . . .
• Self-disciplined
• Self-monitored
• Self-corrective thinking.”*
*The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking:
Concepts and Tools, 5th ed. The Foundation
for Critical Thinking, 2008.

16. It concerns itself with 8 elements of thought
• Point of view
• Purpose
• Questions at issue
• Implications and consequences
• Information
• Interpretation and Inference
• Concepts
• Assumptions
*The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts
and Tools, 5 ed. The Foundation for Critical Thinking, 2008.

17. Point of View
What are the . . .
–Frames of reference
–Perspectives
– Orientations
And how do they influence “point of
view”?

18. Purpose
What are the
• Goals
• Objectives
And how do they relate to point of view?

19. What does critical thinking involve?
• Making logical inferences
(based upon the information presented)
• Drawing logical conclusions
(based upon the information presented)
• Higher levels of thinking,
such as . . .

20. • Conceptualizing — developing a “mind picture”
• Conceptualizing to use
• Applying—putting conceptual info
• •Applying orexamining, to
Analyzing—closely
tearing apart breaking down
• Analyzingreally look at
• •Synthesizing things together in a well- organized
Synthesizing—pulling
logical way
• Evaluating decisions
• Evaluating—making about; reviewing; assessing;
Etc.

21. ACTIVITIES
Why is Critical Thinking
TIME PERMITTING, WORK THROUGH ACTIVITIES
IN YOUR BOOKLET.
Important?
BE SURE TO THINK CRITICALLY!

22. Critical thinking helps us develop:
Why Is Critical Thinking Important?
•
•
Intellectual Humility
Intellectual Autonomy
• Intellectual Integrity
• Intellectual Courage
 . . . it underlies the basic elements of
• Intellectual Perseverance
• Confidence in Reason
•communication
Intellectual Empathy
• Fair-mindedness
. . . .traitsit plays the development of a multi-cultural in social
. . important to an important part world view and
the diminishing of irrational thought!
change. . .
 . . . it is a path to freedom from half-
truths and deceptions

23. Characteristics of “cultivated” critical
Goal: to become cultivated critical thinkers
thinkers Cultivated critical thinkers .
..

24. A :well cultivated critical thinker . . .
By
--raising vital questions
--formulating questions
• clearly and precisely
Raises vital questions and Raise vital questions
problems, formulating them Formulate questions
and problems clearly, precisely
clearly and precisely;

25. •Gather information
•Analyze and assess it
• Evaluate it • Gathers and assesses relevant
information, using abstract ideas to
By:
interpret itinformation, then
--gathering
effectively,
--assessing it and determining
what it means and what it is
worth

26. Draw conclusions
Find solutions
By: Use relevant criteria
--drawing conclusions from to test them
the information
• Comes to well-reasoned
presented
--finding possible
conclusions and solutions,
solutions and
testing them against relevant
testing them with relevant
criteria
criteria and standards;

27. Keep an open
mind
By
--maintaining an open mind

28. Network w/others;
keep lines of communication
open
• Communicates effectively with
others in figuring out solutions
By networking with others and
to complex problems.
maintaining open lines of communication
with them
and others.

29. To become a cultivated critical thinker:
Dare to think outside the
box!
• Develop a sense of observation and curiosity
• Become interested in finding new solutions
• Share ideas
• Ask pertinent questions
• Assess statements and arguments
• Seek understanding and information

30. Also . . .
• Examine beliefs, assumptions, and
opinions; weigh them against truth
• Listen to others, think about what they say,
give feedback
• Become an open-minded listener and
reader

31. Who are the critical thinkers?
• Parents
Who Thinks Critically ?
• Nurses
• Athletic coaches
 Parents
• Doctors
• Air traffic controllers
 Nurses commanders
• Military
• Lawyers, Judges
 Doctors
• Supervisors
• Accountants
 Athletic coaches
• Day Care Providers
 Teachers/Professors

32. Who SHOULD think critically?

33. 7 Elements of the Speech Communication process
Speaker
Situation Message
Interference Channel
Feedback Listener

34. Cultural Diversity & Public Speaking
Avoiding Ethnocentrism

35. Thank You
babypoernomo2003@yahoo.com
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