Public speaking has a long history dating back to ancient times. It was practiced among Hebrews and Greeks who developed theories and techniques. The Romans adopted these practices and were influenced by orators like Cicero. Modern developments include speeches by historic figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and advances in technology now allow public speaking over the internet or video conferences. Effective public speaking requires clarifying objectives, understanding the audience, organizing information, choosing visual aids, practicing delivery, and can be used to inform, motivate or persuade audiences.

1. PUBLIC SPEAKING…PUBLIC SPEAKING…

2. DEFINITION.
• Public speaking is the process
and act of speaking or giving a
lecture to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner
intended to inform, influence, or
entertain a listening audience.

3. HISTORY OF PUBLIC
SPEAKING .
• As far as the history of public speaking
is concerned, the Hebrews, Greeks,
Romans, great speakers of our time and
technology all have important roles to
play.
• What roles have all these played in
public speaking history?

4. History of Public Speaking in
Ancient Times
• Public speaking was well-practiced among
the ancient Hebrews. Hebrew Kings would
inform their subjects. Religious leaders
and teachers would instruct large
assemblies. Plus the Hebrews had a long
line of prophets who proclaimed divine
messages in public places.

5. • One of the earliest of such prophets was the
prophet Moses.
• He constantly had to address the Israelites as he
led them out of slavery from Egypt.
• He had to inform, inspire and at times rebuke them.
He was indeed a great public speaker!
• the first known book about public speaking was
written about 2,400 B.C.E by an Egyptian official
named Ptahhotep.
• He was vizier (minister) to Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi
of the fifth dynasty.

6. Ancient Greeks and the
History of Public Speaking
• Around the fifth century B.C.E, the
Greek district of Athens was a
prominent military, political and
philosophical center
• Greek orators like Aristotle, Plato and
Socrates developed theories and
techniques that became bedrocks in
public speaking.

7. Rome’s Role in Public
Speaking History
• After the fall of Greece, Rome came to the
scene as a military and political world power.
The Romans never discarded the public speaking
culture left by the Greeks. They rather
adopted and modified them.
• A strong influence on the Roman style of public
speaking was Marcus Tullius Cicero.

8. • Born in 106 B.C.E, Cicero grew up to become a
profound orator, lawyer, philosopher and
statesman.
• According to him, the five rules of public
speaking are:
• Invention, arrangement, style, memory and
delivery.
• These are generally referred to as the
Five Canons of Rhetoric and are
still used inmodern-day oratory.

9. Modern Day Developments in the
History of Public Speaking.
• The history of the human race is filled with
great speakers who had tremendous impact
on the world. For example:
• On March 23, 1775, Patrick Henry gave the
famous “Liberty of Death” speech. His
famous phrase, “Give me freedom, or give
me death!” had a great
impactas he proclaimed
the cause of freedom.

10. • In 1863, President
Abraham Lincoln
gave the famous
“Gethyburg
Address”.
• 1908 was the year
public speaking was
first taught in
America by Dale
Carnegie.

11. • in 1963, Martin Luther
King called for the end
of racism in America
when he gave the
famous “I Have a
Dream” speech.
• This is one of the
most famous speeches
in American history.

12. The Role of Technology in
Public Speaking History
• Technological advancements in the late
20th century as well as the 21st
century have given ‘birth’ to
sophisticated media sources like the
Internet, video-conferencing and
telecommunications. These have
changed the ‘face’ of public speaking.

13. • the commencement of the first private
Internet service in 1980, public
speaking received a big boost. The
Internet has since been used to reach
worldwide Internet users.
• Video-conferencing, on its part, has now
made it possible for people in different
geographical locations to see and hear
each other as if they are at the same
place.

14. • The history of public speaking has come a
long way from the ancient times till now.

15. five basic elements,
• "who is saying
• what
• to whom
• using what medium
• with what effects?"

16. Choosing an appropriate
pattern
• Chronological Pattern.
• Causal Pattern.
• Spatial Pattern.
• Topical Pattern.
• Psychological Pattern.

17.  Chronological pattern.
• In this pattern ‘we arrange ideas,
keeping in mind the chronology of
events.
• E.g.. Give a speech on The history of
Indian cricket.

18. Causal Pattern
• The ideas are divided into two major
components – causes and their
effects.
• Normally ,this pattern is chosen ti
highlight the relationship between a
problem and the reasons for its
existence.
• Eg,Alcoholism its causes and effects.

19. Spatial Pattern.
• Spatial pattern is best suited to
speeches which have a geographical
or structural orientation.
• Eg.design of an automatic washing
machine., temple Jaipur: A structural
description

20. Topical Pattern
• Chooses to divide and arrange the
different parts of a speech into
various heading and sub-headings.
• When the speaker has to inform the
audience about the various kind or
type of something.
• Eg. Types of cancers.

21. Psychological Pattern.
• The speech according to needs of
his/her listeners.
• The speaker arrange ideas in a
manner most likely to create an
immediate impact on the listeners.
• The speeches structured in the
psychological pattern are quite
emotive in style and sense.
• Eg.lonliness:is by product of modern
l living.

22. Selecting an appropriate
method
Speaking from memory : some public
speakers rely heavily on their memory
for delivering their speeches.
Speaking from manuscript: In speaking
from the manuscript the speaker walk
the entire manuscript of the speech
written , which is read out word for
word.

23. Speaking Impromptu: impromptu
speeches are those that are
delivered at the spur of the moment.
• A speech thus delivered without
preparation is considered an
impromptu speech.
Speaking from notes: speaking from
notes, speaker prepares
note/points/slides/and enumerates
the main ideas with help of these
main point.

24. Art of persuasion:
• The speaker have to keep their
speeches well planned, properly
substantiated, adequately convincing,
and un-questionably relevant to the
needs of the audience.
Research your topic thoroughly.
Use proper data and figures to sound
convincing.
Keep an audience-oriented approach.

25. Employ personal examples to
establish personal rapport with the
audience.
Create a verbal imagery to leave the
desired impact on the audience.
Use language suited to the occasion.
Keep your audience entertained
during your speech.

26. Making speeches
interesting.
Making your beginning catchy
Use humour and wit.
Use body language appropriately.
Employ proper voice modulation .
Use examples and instances.
End emphatically.

27. Delivering different
types of speeches.
Welcome /introductory speech.
• Your organizations receive guest
speakers who are to be introduced to
the audience.
Vote of thanks speech.
• Vote of thanks is delivered at the end
of a particular event, programme etc…

28. Farewell speech
• In their professional career people
often change jobs , leaving one
organizations and joining another .
At times they are transferred or
they have to move away from an
organization after the completion of
a project ,a term or an assignment.

29. Why is Public Speaking
Necessary?
• giving a public speech is time- and
cost-effective.
For instance, if you give a speech to
your employees, you don't have to
print or email copies of the
information. Speaking to everyone at
once means you don't need to relay
the information one-on-one.

30. • Public speaking can also begin a
quick exchange of information, as it
encourages discourse.
• The fact that it saves money and
time, as well as begins a discourse,
• makes it a useful leadership tool.

31. PURPOSE
• public speaking can range from simply
transmitting information,
• to motivating people to act, to simply
telling a story.
• Good orators should be able to change
the emotions of their listeners, not
just inform them.

32. • public speaking for business and
commercial events is often done by
professionals .
• Public speaking can be a powerful tool to
use for purposes such as motivation,
influence, persuasion, informing,
translation, or simply ethos.
• such as when politicians give speeches to
convince people how to vote.

33. Steps to Successful
Public Speaking
• Clarify your objective.
• Analyze your audience.
• Collect and organize your
information.
• Choose your visual aids.
• Prepare your notes.
Practice your delivery.

34. conclusion
• Public speaking is a form of
communication used for large groups
of people. When one-on-one
communication will not be an
effective way to communicate your
information, you must use public
speaking.

35. Presented BY….
POULIN VARGHESE
1ST
MSW
DC