2. DEFINITION.
ā¢ Public speaking is the process
and act of speaking or giving a
lecture to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner
intended to inform, influence, or
entertain a listening audience.
3. HISTORY OF PUBLIC
SPEAKING .
ā¢ As far as the history of public speaking
is concerned, the Hebrews, Greeks,
Romans, great speakers of our time and
technology all have important roles to
play.
ā¢ What roles have all these played in
public speaking history?
4. History of Public Speaking in
Ancient Times
ā¢ Public speaking was well-practiced among
the ancient Hebrews. Hebrew Kings would
inform their subjects. Religious leaders
and teachers would instruct large
assemblies. Plus the Hebrews had a long
line of prophets who proclaimed divine
messages in public places.
5. ā¢ One of the earliest of such prophets was the
prophet Moses.
ā¢ He constantly had to address the Israelites as he
led them out of slavery from Egypt.
ā¢ He had to inform, inspire and at times rebuke them.
He was indeed a great public speaker!
ā¢ the first known book about public speaking was
written about 2,400 B.C.E by an Egyptian official
named Ptahhotep.
ā¢ He was vizier (minister) to Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi
of the fifth dynasty.
6. Ancient Greeks and the
History of Public Speaking
ā¢ Around the fifth century B.C.E, the
Greek district of Athens was a
prominent military, political and
philosophical center
ā¢ Greek orators like Aristotle, Plato and
Socrates developed theories and
techniques that became bedrocks in
public speaking.
7. Romeās Role in Public
Speaking History
ā¢ After the fall of Greece, Rome came to the
scene as a military and political world power.
The Romans never discarded the public speaking
culture left by the Greeks. They rather
adopted and modified them.
ā¢ A strong influence on the Roman style of public
speaking was Marcus Tullius Cicero.
8. ā¢ Born in 106 B.C.E, Cicero grew up to become a
profound orator, lawyer, philosopher and
statesman.
ā¢ According to him, the five rules of public
speaking are:
ā¢ Invention, arrangement, style, memory and
delivery.
ā¢ These are generally referred to as the
Five Canons of Rhetoric and are
still used inmodern-day oratory.
9. Modern Day Developments in the
History of Public Speaking.
ā¢ The history of the human race is filled with
great speakers who had tremendous impact
on the world. For example:
ā¢ On March 23, 1775, Patrick Henry gave the
famous āLiberty of Deathā speech. His
famous phrase, āGive me freedom, or give
me death!ā had a great
impactas he proclaimed
the cause of freedom.
10. ā¢ In 1863, President
Abraham Lincoln
gave the famous
āGethyburg
Addressā.
ā¢ 1908 was the year
public speaking was
first taught in
America by Dale
Carnegie.
11. ā¢ in 1963, Martin Luther
King called for the end
of racism in America
when he gave the
famous āI Have a
Dreamā speech.
ā¢ This is one of the
most famous speeches
in American history.
12. The Role of Technology in
Public Speaking History
ā¢ Technological advancements in the late
20th century as well as the 21st
century have given ābirthā to
sophisticated media sources like the
Internet, video-conferencing and
telecommunications. These have
changed the āfaceā of public speaking.
13. ā¢ the commencement of the first private
Internet service in 1980, public
speaking received a big boost. The
Internet has since been used to reach
worldwide Internet users.
ā¢ Video-conferencing, on its part, has now
made it possible for people in different
geographical locations to see and hear
each other as if they are at the same
place.
14. ā¢ The history of public speaking has come a
long way from the ancient times till now.
15. five basic elements,
ā¢ "who is saying
ā¢ what
ā¢ to whom
ā¢ using what medium
ā¢ with what effects?"
17. ļ Chronological pattern.
ā¢ In this pattern āwe arrange ideas,
keeping in mind the chronology of
events.
ā¢ E.g.. Give a speech on The history of
Indian cricket.
18. Causal Pattern
ā¢ The ideas are divided into two major
components ā causes and their
effects.
ā¢ Normally ,this pattern is chosen ti
highlight the relationship between a
problem and the reasons for its
existence.
ā¢ Eg,Alcoholism its causes and effects.
19. Spatial Pattern.
ā¢ Spatial pattern is best suited to
speeches which have a geographical
or structural orientation.
ā¢ Eg.design of an automatic washing
machine., temple Jaipur: A structural
description
20. Topical Pattern
ā¢ Chooses to divide and arrange the
different parts of a speech into
various heading and sub-headings.
ā¢ When the speaker has to inform the
audience about the various kind or
type of something.
ā¢ Eg. Types of cancers.
21. Psychological Pattern.
ā¢ The speech according to needs of
his/her listeners.
ā¢ The speaker arrange ideas in a
manner most likely to create an
immediate impact on the listeners.
ā¢ The speeches structured in the
psychological pattern are quite
emotive in style and sense.
ā¢ Eg.lonliness:is by product of modern
l living.
22. Selecting an appropriate
method
ļSpeaking from memory : some public
speakers rely heavily on their memory
for delivering their speeches.
ļSpeaking from manuscript: In speaking
from the manuscript the speaker walk
the entire manuscript of the speech
written , which is read out word for
word.
23. ļSpeaking Impromptu: impromptu
speeches are those that are
delivered at the spur of the moment.
ā¢ A speech thus delivered without
preparation is considered an
impromptu speech.
ļSpeaking from notes: speaking from
notes, speaker prepares
note/points/slides/and enumerates
the main ideas with help of these
main point.
24. Art of persuasion:
ā¢ The speaker have to keep their
speeches well planned, properly
substantiated, adequately convincing,
and un-questionably relevant to the
needs of the audience.
ļ¼Research your topic thoroughly.
ļ¼Use proper data and figures to sound
convincing.
ļ¼Keep an audience-oriented approach.
25. ļ¼Employ personal examples to
establish personal rapport with the
audience.
ļ¼Create a verbal imagery to leave the
desired impact on the audience.
ļ¼Use language suited to the occasion.
ļ¼Keep your audience entertained
during your speech.
26. Making speeches
interesting.
ļ¼Making your beginning catchy
ļ¼Use humour and wit.
ļ¼Use body language appropriately.
ļ¼Employ proper voice modulation .
ļ¼Use examples and instances.
ļ¼End emphatically.
27. Delivering different
types of speeches.
ļWelcome /introductory speech.
ā¢ Your organizations receive guest
speakers who are to be introduced to
the audience.
ļVote of thanks speech.
ā¢ Vote of thanks is delivered at the end
of a particular event, programme etcā¦
28. ļFarewell speech
ā¢ In their professional career people
often change jobs , leaving one
organizations and joining another .
At times they are transferred or
they have to move away from an
organization after the completion of
a project ,a term or an assignment.
29. Why is Public Speaking
Necessary?
ā¢ giving a public speech is time- and
cost-effective.
For instance, if you give a speech to
your employees, you don't have to
print or email copies of the
information. Speaking to everyone at
once means you don't need to relay
the information one-on-one.
30. ā¢ Public speaking can also begin a
quick exchange of information, as it
encourages discourse.
ā¢ The fact that it saves money and
time, as well as begins a discourse,
ā¢ makes it a useful leadership tool.
31. PURPOSE
ā¢ public speaking can range from simply
transmitting information,
ā¢ to motivating people to act, to simply
telling a story.
ā¢ Good orators should be able to change
the emotions of their listeners, not
just inform them.
32. ā¢ public speaking for business and
commercial events is often done by
professionals .
ā¢ Public speaking can be a powerful tool to
use for purposes such as motivation,
influence, persuasion, informing,
translation, or simply ethos.
ā¢ such as when politicians give speeches to
convince people how to vote.
33. Steps to Successful
Public Speaking
ā¢ Clarify your objective.
ā¢ Analyze your audience.
ā¢ Collect and organize your
information.
ā¢ Choose your visual aids.
ā¢ Prepare your notes.
Practice your delivery.
34. conclusion
ā¢ Public speaking is a form of
communication used for large groups
of people. When one-on-one
communication will not be an
effective way to communicate your
information, you must use public
speaking.