Building Science II

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN (SABD)
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
Building SCIENCE II (BLD61303)
Project 2: Lighting Design
Performing Art Centre, Jalan Tukang, Kajang, Malaysia
Name: Vanessa Chai Pei Yei
Student ID: 0327887
Tutor: Dr. Suja

2. CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Sun Direction Analysis
1.2 Formula
2.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS
2.1 GYM
2.1.1 Daylight factor calculation
2.1.2 Type of luminaire
2.1.3 Room Material Reflectance value
2.1.4 Room Index Calculation
2.1.5 Lumen Calculation
2.1.6 Reflected Ceiling Plans
2.1.7 PASLI Concept
2.2 Dance Studio I & II
2.2.1 Daylight factor calculation
2.2.2 Type of luminaire
2.2.3 Room Material Reflectance value
2.2.4 Room Index Calculation
2.2.5 Lumen Calculation
2.2.6 Reflected Ceiling Plans
3.0 REFERENCES

3. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the final project of Studio V, we are designing a Performing Art Centre at a corner lot for
selected site for urban infill. The chosen site is located at a turning point from Jalan Besar to
Jalan Tukang in Kajang. In order to bring out a sense of interaction within the people, relevant
urban contextual responses should be proposed.
Kajang Old Town is a town that filled up with old to modern buildings that built fro m1900s to
2000s. The life of Kajang Old Town tend to faded off due to the rapid development of the
neighboring town or city. In this town, people usually just come for the delightful Satay Kajang.
There are nothing much to attract visitor to have a stop or travel from other city to this Old Town.
Site Plan
NTS

4. 1.1. Sun Direction Analysis
8.00am
In the morning, the front facade
receives the maximum sunlight
penetration into the building. Facade
treatment are design to reduce thermal
issues and provide users a more
comfort space to bring out activities.
12.00pm
At noon, the sun hits the top of the
buildings. Roof with opening and
elevated part to allow sunlight penetrate
into the building.
6.00pm
In the evening, most of the building is
shaded with the neighbor buildings and
lesser facade exposed to sun in this
time.

5. 1.2. Formula
Daylight Factor
The daylight factor is defined as the ratio of the natural illuminance at a particular point on a
horizontal plane to the simultaneously occurring external illuminance of the unobstructed
overcast sky. In Britain, the standard sky is assumed to give at least 5000 lx of illuminance on the
ground.
Daylight factor (DF) = (Internal illuminance e / External illuminance e) x 100
Average DF = [W / A x Tθ] / (1-R)
Where, W = the area of the window (m²)
A = total area of the internal surface (sqm)
T = the glass transmittance corrected for dirt
θ = visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window
R = the average reflected of area
According to MS 1525, daylight factor distribution as below:
DF (%) Distribution
> 6 Thermal & glare issue
3-6 Good
1-3 Fair
0-1 Poor

6. Lumen Method
The lumen method is the quantity of light or illuminance reaching a certain surface with a main
consideration in design lighting system. The method is used to determine the number of lamps
that should be installed for a given area of room.
N = [E x A] / [n x F x UF x MF]
Where, N = number of luminaire in the room
E = average illuminance over the horizontal working plane
A = area of the horizontal working plane
n = number of lamps in each luminaire
F = lighting design lumens per lamp, i.e initial bare lamp luminous flux
UF = utilization factor for the horizontal working plane
MF= maintenance factor
Room Index
Room index (RI) is the ratio of room plan area to half the wall area between the working and
luminaire planes.
RI = [L x W] / [Hm x (L + W)]
Where, L = length of room
W = width of room
Hm = mounting height

7. Room
Index
(K)
Reflectance (%) for ceilings, walls and working plane (floor)
C 0.80 0.80
0.50 0.50
0.30 0.10
0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70
0.50 0.50 0.50 0.30
0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10
0.50 0.50
0.30 0.10
0.10 0.10
0.30 0.30
0.30 0.10
0.10 0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
W
F
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.25
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
4.00
5.00
0.37 0.35
0.44 0.42
0.51 0.47
0.56 0.52
0.60 0.55
0.67 0.55
0.71 0.62
0.73 0.64
0.77 0.66
0.79 0.68
0.36 0.36 0.35 0.30
0.44 0.43 0.41 0.37
0.50 0.48 0.46 0.42
0.55 0.53 0.51 0.47
0.59 0.57 0.54 0.51
0.65 0.62 0.59 0.56
0.69 0.65 0.62 0.59
0.71 0.67 0.64 0.51
0.74 0.70 0.66 0.64
0.76 0.71 0.67 0.66
0.30 0.28
0.37 0.34
0.42 0.39
0.47 0.44
0.50 0.47
0.55 0.53
0.58 0.56
0.60 0.59
0.63 0.62
0.64 0.63
0.30 0.27
0.36 0.33
0.41 0.39
0.46 0.43
0.49 0.47
0.54 0.52
0.57 0.56
0.60 0.58
0.62 0.61
0.63 0.52
0.26
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.46
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.59
0.61

8. 2.0 LIGHTING ANALYSIS
2.1. Space A: GYM
A space for dancers to train themselves or for visitor to have classes such as zumba. This space
has allow light to be projected to the interior during the morning of the day.

9. Area of windows without
shaded, W (m²)
(4 x 3.85) + [7 x (17.5 x 3.5) - 7(3.5 x 0.75) = 24.5m²
Total area of internal surface
(A/sqm)
Wall
= (14.8 x 3.85) + (4 x 3.85) + 6(0.478 x 3.85)
= 83.42m²
Floor
= 4 x 14.8
= 59.2m²
Ceiling
= 59.2m²
Total
= 83.42 + 59.2 + 59.2
= 201.82m²
Glass transmittance corrected
for dirt (T)
0.6 (double glazed glass)
Visible sky angle in degree
from the centre of window (θ)
45°
Average reflectance of Space
(R)
0.5 (considering light colored room surfaces)
Average daylight factor (DF) Average DF = [W / A x Tθ] / (1-R)
DF = [(24.5 / 201.82) x (0.6 x 45)] / (1-0.5)
= 6.48%
2.1.1. Daylight factor calculation
45°
Daylight illuminance simulation
As seen in the illuminance simulation, it can see the
room fill up with daylight enters by both facade that use
glass. Thermal and glare issues have to solve by using
tinted glass or install blinds or curtains.

10. 2.1.2. Type of luminaire - LED Downlight
2.1.3. Room Material Reflectance value
Product Model 912401483216 (Philips)
Type of luminous Neutral White
Luminous efficacy (lm/W) 70
Luminous flux (lm) 2000
Power (W) 27
Color temperature (K) 4000
Color rendering index (CRI) 280
Ceiling - white
plasterboard 0.7
Wall - White 0.5 Floor - Light Timber 0.3

11. Dimension of the space (m) L = 14.8, W = 4
Total floor area (sqm) 59.2
Height of ceiling 3.5
Type of light fixture LED downlight
Luminous flux of lighting (lm) 2000
Height of working plane (m) 0
Mounting height (Hm) 3.5
Standard illumination required
according to MS1525 and JKR
(lux)
200
Room Index RI (K) RI = [L x W] / [Hm x (L + W)]
= 59.2 / 3.5(14.8 + 4)
= 0.9
2.1.4. Room Index Calculation

12. 2.1.5. Lumen Calculation
Lux required,E (lux) 200
Area at working plane height 59.2
Luminous flux, F (lm) 2000
Utilization factor (UF) C = 0.7, W = 0.5, F = 0.3
UF = 0.5
Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)
Lumen Calculation (N) N = [E x A] / [n x F x UF x MF]
= (200 x 59.2) / (1 x 2000 x 0.5 x 0.8)
= 14.8
= 15
Space height Ration (SHR) 1/Hm x √A/N
= 1 / 3.5 x √59.2 / 15
= 1.8
Fitting layout (S max is
maiximum spacing, m)
Smax = SHR x Hm
Smax = 1.8 x 3.5
Smax = 6.3

13. 2.1.6. Reflected Ceiling Plans
`
1880mm
2000mm
1000m
m
According to the illuminance simulation of natural daylight and artificial light. 15 LED downlight
are installed to ensure users can carry out the activities comfortably. The arrangement of LED
downlights are distributed evenly as above in the diagram, with suitable distance between 1m to
2m away.
According to the PASLI, the circuit of lighting is divided to two. The light in circuit A is to light up
the building in the night, so it is placed along the glass windows. The users can turn on both A
and B when the light is insufficient, if the light is ok, users can only turn on B.
2.1.7. PASLI Concept
Artificial illuminance simulation
Light can be switch on to light up the space apart from
the window in the day. Also, the light placed along the
glass windows can light up the building in night.

14. 2.2. Space B: DANCE STUDIO I & II
A space for dancers to have practice. Other than that, it is also a performing hall when combining
both dance studio i & ii.

15. Area of windows without
shaded, W (m²)
0
Total area of internal surface
(A/sqm)
Wall
= 2(10 x 3.85) + 2(11.5 x 3.85)
= 165.55m²
Floor
= 10 x 11.5
= 115m²
Ceiling
= 115m²
Total
= 165.55 + 115 + 115
= 395.55m²
Glass transmittance corrected
for dirt (T)
0
Visible sky angle in degree
from the centre of window (θ)
0
Average reflectance of Space
(R)
0
Average daylight factor (DF) Average DF = [W / A x Tθ] / (1-R)
DF = [(0 / 395.55) x (0 x 0)] / (1-0)
= 0%
2.2.1. Daylight factor calculation
Daylight illuminance simulation
As seen in the illuminance simulation, it is
observed that daylight will not enters the room as
all 4 walls are solid and without windows. Artificial
lighting is still need to evenly distribute the light in
the interior space.

16. 2.2.2. Type of luminaire - LED Downlight
Room Material Reflectance value
Product Model 912401483216 (Philips)
Type of luminous Neutral White
Luminous efficacy (lm/W) 70
Luminous flux (lm) 2000
Power (W) 27
Color temperature (K) 4000
Color rendering index (CRI) 280
Ceiling - white
plasterboard 0.7
Wall - White 0.5 Floor - Light Timber 0.3

17. Dimension of the space (m) L = 11.5, W = 10
Total floor area (sqm) 115
Height of ceiling 3.5
Type of light fixture LED downlight
Luminous flux of lighting (lm) 2000
Height of working plane (m) 0
Mounting height (Hm) 3.5
Standard illumination required
according to MS1525 and JKR
(lux)
300
Room Index RI (K) RI = [L x W] / [Hm x (L + W)]
= 115 / 3.5(11.5 + 10)
= 1.5
2.2.3. Room Index Calculation

18. 2.2.4. Lumen Calculation
Lux required,E (lux) 300
Area at working plane height 115
Luminous flux, F (lm) 2000
Utilization factor (UF) C = 0.7, W = 0.5, F = 0.3
UF = 0.59
Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)
Lumen Calculation (N) N = [E x A] / [n x F x UF x MF]
= (300 x 115) / (1 x 2000 x 0.59 x 0.8)
= 36.5
= 36
Space height Ration (SHR) 1/Hm x √A/N
= 1 / 3.5 x √115 / 37
= 1
Fitting layout (S max is
maiximum spacing, m)
Smax = SHR x Hm
Smax = 1 x 3.5
Smax = 3.5

19. 2.2.5. Reflected Ceiling Plans
`
The reflected ceiling plan of the dance studio i and ii on the left show the proposed light fitting
with distance of 2.15m with 1.44m. The dance studio do not have natural daylight penetrated into
it so, the artificial lighting is placed as the diagram show above to light up day and night when
there is occupation.
2150mm
1440m
m
Artificial illuminance simulation
In the day and night, the lights are there to light up
the spaces.

20. 4.0 REFERENCE
Portal.unimap.edu.my. (2019). Retrieved from:
http://portal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/Lecture%20Notes/KEJURUTERAAN_SISTEM_ELEKTRIK/Semeste
r%202%20Sidang%20Akademik%2020182019/EET432%20Electrical%20Energy%20Utilization/Reading%20Refere
nces/MS%201525%202014%20Energy%20efficiency%20and%20use%20of%20renewable%20energy%20for%20
non-residential%20buildings%20-%20Code%20of%20practice.pdf
Lighting.philips.com.my. (2019). CoreLine SlimDownlight Downlights - Philips. Retrieved from:
http://www.lighting.philips.com.my/prof/indoor-luminaires/downlights/coreline-slimdownlight