Building Science Integrated with Design Studio 5

1. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
Bachelor of Science (Hnours)(Architecture)
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2:
INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5: ARTS AND CRAFTS MARKET
Name : Chin Pui Man
Student ID : 0310331
Intake : April 2015
Tutor : Mr Sanjeh
Date of Submission : 3th
July 2015

2. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Table of Content
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL
2.1 Daylight Factor (DF)
2.1.1 Classroom
2.1.2 Management Office
2.1.3 Ground Floor Retail
2.2 Artificial Lighting
2.2.1 Classroom
2.2.2 Management Office
2.2.3 Ground Floor Retail (PSALI )
3.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL
3.1 External Noise Sound Pressure Level
3.2 Internal Noise (Reverberation Time)
3.2.1 Classroom
3.2.2 Management Office
3.2.3 Ground Floor Retail
3.3 Internal Noise (Sound Transmission Loss)
3.3.1 Classroom
3.3.2 Management Office
3.3.3 Ground Floor Retail
4.0 REFERENCES AND APPENDIX

3. PROJECT
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STUDIO
5
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project is a four storey complex, which acts as an arts and crafts market located at
Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Chow Kit. It is a place for community to gather for the
sale of goods by local artist. The main building materials are concrete, aluminium and
glass. It is designed to allow daylight into the building from the centre as well as large
glass panels at the entrance. Besides that, there are a central void is to allow visual
connection between two sides and all floors and also soften the internal noise.

4. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL
2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
×100%
Where,
DF = Daylight Factor (%)
E internal = Horizontal illuminance of reference point indoor (Lux)
E external = Horizontal illuminance of unobstructed point outdoor in an overcast sky
condition (Lux)
The daylight factor is
DF, % Distribution
>6 Very bright with thermal glare and glare problem
3-6 Bright
1-3 Average
0-1 Dark

5. PROJECT
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5
2.1.1 Classroom
Classroom is located at the back of the building at second floor, which is close to back
alley.
Floor Area 9.88m x 9.88m = 97.6m2
Window (Glazed Area) (5.25m x 2.4m) + (7.85m x 2.4) =
31.44m2
Openings (Unglazed Area) 1.8m x 2.4m = 4.32m2
Daylight Factor (DF) 35.8
97.6
×100%
=36.6% x 0.1
=3.66%

6. PROJECT
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5
According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of
3.66% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as
much artificial lighting.
Natural Illumination Calculation:
Given Eo =7800 lux
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
×100%
0.366 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
7800
×100%
𝐸! = 0.0366 𝑥 7800
= 285.5 𝑙𝑢𝑥

7. PROJECT
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2.1.2 Management Office
Management office is located at the back of the building at third floor, which is close
to back alley.
Floor Area 7.55m x 5m = 37.75m2
Window (Glazed Area) 5.75m x 2.4m = 13.8m2
Openings (Unglazed Area) 1.8m x 2.4m = 4.32m
Daylight Factor (DF) 18.12
37.75
×100%
=48% x 0.1
=4.8%
According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of
4.8% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as
much artificial lighting.

8. PROJECT
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STUDIO
5
Natural Illumination Calculation:
Given Eo =7800 lux
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
×100%
0.48 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
7800
×100%
𝐸! = 0.048 𝑥 7800
= 374.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥

9. PROJECT
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INTERGRATION
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
2.1.3 Ground Floor Retail
Ground Floor retail type 1 is located at the entrance of the building facing Jalan
Tunku Abdul Rahman. The area has one side that is exposed to indirect source of day
lighting. The daylighting introduced into the retail is meant to perform energy saving
during daytime.
Floor Area 9 m x 10m = 90m2
Window (Glazed Area) 10m x 3.7m = 37m2
Openings (Unglazed Area) 3.6m x 2.7m = 9.7m2
Daylight Factor (DF) 46.7
90
×100%
=52% x 0.1
=5.2%
According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of
5.2% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as
much artificial lighting.

10. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Natural Illumination Calculation:
Given Eo =7200 lux
𝐷𝐹 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
×100%
0.52 =
𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙
7200
×100%
𝐸! = 0.052 𝑥 7200
= 374.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥

11. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
2.2 Artificial Lighting
The number of lamp is given by the formula:
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
Where,
N - number of lamps required
E - illuminance level required
A - area of working plan height (m2
)
F - average of luminus flux from each lamp (lux)
UF - utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the
room surfaces.
MF - maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of
deterioration and dirt
Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half the wall area between
working and luminaire planes
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿×𝑊
𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
Where,
L - length of room
W - width of room
Hm - mounting height, ie. The vertical distance between the working plane and the
luminaire

12. PROJECT
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STUDIO
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2.2.1 Classroom (PSALI)
According to MS 1525, the standard illumination for a workshop is 300 lux.
Material Function Colour Area (m2
) Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value (%)
Concrete
finish
Ceiling Grey 97.6 Reflective 15-50
Concrete
cement finish
Wall and
floor
Grey 124.28 Absoptive 10
Glass Wall and door Transparent 35.8 Reflective 6-20
Timber Table & chair Brown 20.2 Absorptive 30

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Product brand Philips T8 TL-D Standard
Colours
Lamp Luminous Flux EM 1200Lm per lamp/ 3
lamps per luminaire
Rated Colour
Temperature
4100K
Colour Rendering Index 63Ra8
Beam Angle -
Voltage 59V
Bulb Finish Frosted
Placement Ceiling
Dimension of Room (LxW) 9.88 x 9.88
Total floor area/ A (m2
) 97.6
Standard illuminance required (lux) 300
Mounting Height / H (Hm) 2.0
Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.3
Room index /RI (K)
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿×𝑊
𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
(9.88 x 9.88) / (9.88 + 9.88) x 2.0
=2.47
Utilization factor / UF
(Based on given utilization factor table)
0.68
Maintenance factor /MF 0.8
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
𝑁 =
300 × 97.6
(1200 × 3) ×0.68 × 0.8
𝑁 = 14.9 ≈ 15

14. PROJECT
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STUDIO
5
Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 2, therefore maximum spacing = 2.0m
Width/ maximum spacing = 9.88/2.0
~ 5 rows of lamps
15/5 = 3.lamps each rows.
Theredore, a total of 15 luminaires are needed.

15. PROJECT
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STUDIO
5
2.2.2 Management Office
According to MS 1525, the standard illumination for a office is 300 lux
Material Function Colour Area (m2
) Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value (%)
Concrete
finish
Ceiling Grey 37.75 Reflective 15-50
Concrete
cement finish
Wall and
floor
Grey 61.75 Absoptive 10
Glass Wall and door Transparent 18.12 Reflective 6-20
Timber Table & chair Brown 13.2 Absorptive 30
Fabric Chair Beige 13.2 Absorptive 30
Product brand Philips T8 TL-D Standard
Colours
Lamp Luminous Flux EM 1200Lm per lamp/ 3
lamps per luminaire
Rated Colour Temperature 4100K

16. PROJECT
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STUDIO
5
Colour Rendering Index 63Ra8
Beam Angle -
Voltage 59V
Bulb Finish Frosted
Placement Ceiling
Dimension of Room (LxW) 7.55 x 5
Total floor area/ A (m2
) 37.75
Standard illuminance required (lux) 300
Mounting Height / H (Hm) 1.7
Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.3
Room index /RI (K)
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿×𝑊
𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
(7.55x 5) / (7.55 + 5) x 1.7
=1.77
Utilization factor / UF
(Based on given utilization factor table)
0.60
Maintenance factor /MF 0.8
𝑁 =
𝐸 ×
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
𝑁 =
300 × 37.75
(1200 × 3) ×0.60 × 0.8
𝑁 = 6.5 ≈ 7

17. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 1.7, therefore maximum spacing = 1.7m
Width/ maximum spacing = 5/1.7
~ 3 rows of lamps
7/3 = 2.3 ~ 2 lamps each rows.
Theredore, a total of 6 luminaires are needed.

18. PROJECT
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INTERGRATION
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
2.2.2 Ground Floor Retail (PSALI)
According to Ms 1525, the standard illumination is 200-750 lux. The minimum value
of 200 lux will be applied in this calculation.
Material Function Colour Area (m2
) Surface
Type
Reflectance
Value (%)
Concrete
finish
Ceiling Grey 90 Reflective 15-50
Concrete
cement finish
Wall and
floor
Grey 157 Absoptive 30
Glass Wall and door Transparent 46.7 Reflective 6-20
Timber Table & chair Brown 8.8 Absorptive 30
Product brand Philips Master LED
Spotlight PAR
Lamp Luminous Flux EM 900Lm per lamp/ 5 lamps
per luminaire
Rated Colour
Temperature
2700K

19. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Colour Rendering Index 80
Beam Angle 25D
Voltage 220-240V
Bulb Finish -
Placement Ceiling Spot Light
Dimension of Room (LxW) 10 x 9
Total floor area/ A (m2
) 90
Standard illuminance required (lux) 200
Mounting Height / H (Hm) 3.0
Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7
Wall: 0.5
Floor: 0.3
Room index /RI (K)
𝑅𝐼 =
𝐿×𝑊
𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊)
(10 x 9) / (10 + 9) x 3.0
=1.58

20. PROJECT
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INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Utilization factor / UF
(Based on given utilization factor table)
0.57
Maintenance factor /MF 0.8
𝑁 =
𝐸 × 𝐴
𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹
𝑁 =
300 × 90
(1200 × 5) ×0.57 × 0.8
𝑁 = 9.8 ≈ 10

21. PROJECT
2:
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 3.0, therefore maximum spacing = 3.0m
Width/ maximum spacing = 10/3
~ 3 rows of lamps
10/3 = 3.3 ~ 3 lamps each rows.
Theredore, a total of 9 luminaires are needed.

22. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.0 ACOUSTIC
3.1 External Noise Calculation
Traffic Noise (Main Road)
Non-Peak Hour Peak Hour
Highest sound
level reading
80dB 90dB
Lowest sound
level reading
70dB 75dB
Intensity for
highest
reading, IH
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
80 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
80 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!"
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 1 x 10-4
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
90 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
90 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔
!"
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 1 x 10-3
Intensity for
lowest reading,
IL
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
70 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
70 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!"
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 1 x 10-5
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
75 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
75 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!"
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 3.162 x 10-5
Total
Intensities, I
I = (1 x 10-4
) + (1 x 10-5
)
I = 1.1 x 10-4
I = (1 x 10-4
) + (3.163 x 10-5
)
I = 1.316 x 10-4
Sound Pressure
Level, SPL
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10×
1.1 x 10!!
1×10!!"
SPL = 80.4dB
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10×
1.316 x 10!!
1×10!!"
SPL = 81.2dB

23. PROJECT
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INTERGRATION
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Traffic Noise (Back Alley)
Non-Peak Hour Peak Hour
Highest sound
level reading
55dB 60dB
Lowest sound
level reading
50dB 55dB
Intensity for
highest
reading, IH
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!!
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 3.162 x 10-7
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
60 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
60 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!"
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 1 x 10-6
Intensity for
lowest reading,
IL
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
50 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
50 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!"
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 1 x 10-7
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
𝐼!"#
55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
𝐼!
𝐼!"#
55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
1
1×10!!"
IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔
!!
!"
×1×10!!"
IH = 3.162 x 10-7
Total
Intensities, I
I = (3.162 x 10-7
) + (1 x 10-7
)
I = 4.162 x 10-7
I = (1 x 10-6
) + (3.162 x 10-7
)
I = 1.316 x 10-6
Sound Pressure
Level, SPL
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10
×
4.162 x 10!!
1×10!!"
SPL =56.2dB
𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10×
1.316 x 10!!
1×10!!"
SPL = 61.2dB

24. PROJECT
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INTERGRATION
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
The peak combine SPL from external noise sources of main road of 81.2dB is
approximately the total SPL of the arts and crafts market, as there aren’t any walls
that separate this space and the outside sources.
According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a marketplace is required to have an
acoustic tolerance level between 56dB to 80dB. The combined SPL of external noises
of the market is within the recommended acoutic noise level range, which is 81.2dB
at its peak and 80.4dB at non-peak hours.
The peak combine SPL from external noise sources of back alley of 61.2dB is
approximately the total SPL of the arts and crafts market, as there aren’t any walls
that separate this space and the outside sources.
According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a marketplace is required to have an
acoustic tolerance level between 56dB to 80dB. The combined SPL of external noises
of the market is within the recommended acoutic noise level range, which is 61.2dB
at its peak and 56.2dB at non-peak hours.

25. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.2 Internal Noise (Reverberation Time)
Reverberation times are calculated based on material absorption coefficient at 2000Hz
at peak hour.
3.2.1 Classroom
Room height: 2.7m
Standard Reverberation TIme for Classroom: 0.6s
Peak Hour Capacity: 48 people
Volume of Office: 264m2

26. PROJECT
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Components Materials Area (m2
) Absorption
coefficient
(2000Hz)
Area x
absorption
coefficient
Ceiling Plaster finish 98 0.04 3.92
Steel 51.69 0.01 0.517
Wall Reinforced
concrete
67.53 0.02 1.35
Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34
Floor Concrete 98 0.02 1.96
Furniture Timber 60 0.1 6
People Non-
Peak
- 96 0.5 48
Total Absorption (A) 62.087
RT = (0.16 x V) / A
Where,
V: Volume of space
A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn
Reverberation Time (Peak Hour)
RT = 0.16 x V / A
= 0.16 x 264 / 62.087
= 0.68s
The reverberation time for classroom during peak hour is 0.68s. This is within the
optimum reverberation time of 0.6s to 0.7s for a classroom according to the Acoustic
Standard ANSI (2008).

27. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.2.2 Management Office
Room height: 2.7m
Standard Reverberation Time for Office: 1s
Peak Hour Capacity: 17 people
Volume of Office: 37.75m2
Components Materials Area (m2
) Absorption
coefficient
(2000Hz)
Area x
absorption
coefficient
Ceiling Plaster finish 37.75 0.04 1.51
Steel 19.9 0.01 0.199
Wall Reinforced
concrete
47.385 0.02 0.948
Glass panel 15.525 0.07 10.868
Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34
Floor Concrete 37.75 0.02 0.755
Furniture Timber 13.2 0.1 1.32

28. PROJECT
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5
Fabric 13.2 0.7 9.24
People Non-
Peak
- 17 0.5 8.5
Total Absorption (A) 33.68
RT = (0.16 x V) / A
Where,
V: Volume of space
A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn
Reverberation Time (Peak Hour)
RT = 0.16 x V / A
= 0.16 x 37.75 / 33.68
= 0.18s
The reverberation time for office during peak hour is 0.18s while the ideal
reverberation time for office is 0.4s to 1s. The office sound control is sufficient for a
quiet and calm working eperience for the occupants.

29. PROJECT
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DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.2.3 Ground Floor Retail
Room height: 3.7m
Peak Hour Capacity: 10 people
Volume of Office: 37.75m2
Components Materials Area (m2
) Absorption
coefficient
(2000Hz)
Area x
absorption
coefficient
Ceiling Plaster finish 90 0.04 3.6
Wall Plaster 67 0.02 1.34
Glass panel 41.84 0.07 2.929
Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34
Floor Concrete 90 0.02 1.8
Furniture Timber 8.8 0.1 0.88
People Non-
Peak
- 10 0.5 5
Total Absorption (A) 15.889

30. PROJECT
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STUDIO
5
RT = (0.16 x V) / A
Where,
V: Volume of space
A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn
Reverberation Time (Peak Hour)
RT = 0.16 x V / A
= 0.16 x 90 / 15.889
= 0.91s
The reverberation time for retail shop during peak hour is 0.91s. Since the shops are
all individual small shop where it could not accommodate too much people, the
assumption of having 5 customers in a shop would not produce too much noise
whereby it would affect spaces outside of the shop. This will allow a pleasant walking
ans shopping experiene for the customer around the market.

31. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.3 Internal Noise (Sound Transmission Loss)
𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
𝑇!"
where,
𝑇!! = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑇!" =
𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
3.3.1 Classroom
Sound pressure level of a classroom should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards.
Surface material Surface area, S
(m2
)
Transmission
coefficient, Tc
S x Tc
Concrete wall 26.68 2.51 x 10-5
6.70 x 10-4
Glass door 5.076 2.51 x 10-3
0.0127
Total surface area 31.756 Total S x Tc 0.0134
Wall type (a): Concrete wall
TL of concrete wall = 46
𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡
)
46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
)
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!
4.6 =
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
𝑡!"#!$%&% =
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6
𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!
Wall type (b): Glass door
TL of glass door = 26

32. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡
)
26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
)
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!
2.6 =
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
𝑡!"#!$%&% =
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6
𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!
Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
𝑇!" =
𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
= (
0.0134
31.756
)
= 4.22 × 10!!
Overall SRI =
𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
𝑇!"
= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
4.22×10!!
= 33.75𝑑𝐵
33.75dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the classroom to
spaces outside of classroom. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of
materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent
noise sources.

33. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.3.2 Management Office
Sound pressure level of a office should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards.
Surface material Surface area, S
(m2
)
Transmission
coefficient, Tc
S x Tc
Concrete wall 47.385 2.51 x 10-5
1.189 x 10-3
Glass door 4.86 2.51 x 10-3
0.0122
Total surface area 52.245 Total S x Tc 0.0134
Wall type (a): Concrete wall
TL of concrete wall = 46
𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡
)
46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
)
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!
4.6 =
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
𝑡!"#!$%&% =
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6
𝑡!"#! !"! = 2.51×10!!
Wall type (b): Glass door
TL of glass door = 26
𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡
)
26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
)
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!
2.6 =
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
𝑡!"#!$%&% =
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6
𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!

34. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
𝑇!" =
𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
= (
0.0134
52.245
)
= 2.562 × 10!!
Overall SRI =
𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
𝑇!"
= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
2.562×10!!
= 35.91𝑑𝐵
35.91dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the management
office to market area and vise versa. This implies that the wall with the specific
selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space
from adjacent noise sources.

35. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
3.3.3 Ground Floor Retail
Sound pressure level of a shop should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards.
Surface material Surface area, S
(m2
)
Transmission
coefficient, Tc
S x Tc
Concrete wall 67 2.51 x 10-5
1.682 x 10-3
Glass door 4.86 2.51 x 10-3
0.0122
Total surface area 71.86 Total S x Tc 0.0139
Wall type (a): Concrete wall
TL of concrete wall = 46s
𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡
)
46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
)
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!
4.6 =
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
𝑡!"#!$%&% =
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6
𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!
Wall type (b): Glass door
TL of glass door = 26
𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡
)
26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
)
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!
2.6 =
1
𝑡!"#!$%&%
𝑡!"#!$%&% =
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6
𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!

36. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials
𝑇!! =
𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
= (
0.0139
71.86
)
= 1.93 × 10!!
Overall SRI =
𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
𝑇!"
= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"
1
1.93×10!!
= 37.14𝑑𝐵
37.14dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the shop to market
area. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic
buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.

37. PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
4.0 References
1. Architects' Data. (2012). Chicester: John Wiley and Sons
2. ASHRAE, (1995). ASHREA handbook 1984 systems. Atlanta, GA: American
Society Heating, Refrigerating &.
3.CIBSE. (2002). Code for Lighting. Burlington: Elsevier.
4. Sound Absorption Coefficients of architectural accoustical materials. (1957). New
York