6. The Population Factor
The world’s 2nd largest
country with
1,121,800,000
Only 1/3 the size of the
U.S.
1.7% natural increase
2025 – approaching 1.4
billion
7. World’s largest!
Will surpass China by
2032
70 million have moved to
the cities between 1991-
2001
Growing massive cities
such as: Mumbai, New
Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai
8. 8
Customs and Traditions: Dress
Cotton, Silk, & Polyester
Traditional & Casual
Colorful & Ornamental
South India
◦ Doti, Sari
◦ Silk Shirts & Sari
◦ 22 Ct Gold Jewelry
◦ Shirts & Pants
North India
◦ Kurtha, Pajamas
◦ Sari
◦ Salwar Kameez
◦ Silk, Cotton, & Wool
◦ Gold & Silver Jewelry
Chennai Silks
14. Gained Independence from British on August
15, 1947
Became a Democratic Republic on January 26,
1950
Constitution of India adopted
395 Articles and 7 Schedules
93 Amendments
President Head of the State
Parliament
Prime Minister
Council of Ministers
Members of the Parliament
Based on British System
16. 26 states and 6 centrally administered
Union Territories
2 states are partially claimed by
Pakistan and China
17. Federal System
1. Relatively centralized
2. Federal government controls the most
essential government functions
• defense
• foreign policy
• taxation
• public expenditures
• economic (industrial) planning
18. State governments formally control
agriculture
education
law and order within states
dependent on central government for
funds
19. Balance of power between central and state
governments
varies by time and place
state power was constrained
during the rule of Nehru and Indira
Gandhi
state governments have more room to
maneuver
when central government is weak
since 1998
20. Formal political structure of the states
parallels that of the national government
National State
President Governor
Prime Minister Chief Minister
Parliament Assembly
Supreme Court High Court
21. Parliamentary system of government
The executive authority is responsible to the
Parliament
24. Rajya Sabha (Council of States)
not more than 250 members
12 are nominated by the President of India
the rest are indirectly elected
by state Legislative Assemblies
The Council of States can not be dissolved
members have terms of 6 years
1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year
26. Lok Sabha (House of the People)
545 members
2 are appointed by the President of India
the rest are directly elected from single-
member districts
5-year terms unless dissolved
Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer
the Speaker
27. Elections held at least every 5 years
Prime Minister may call elections earlier
543 single-member districts of roughly equal
population
party nomination
1st-past-the-post
winner-take-all
women’s share
28. • Leader of the majority party leader
in Lok Sabha becomes the prime
minister
• Prime minister nominates a cabinet
- members of Parliament in the
ruling coalition
- Council of Ministers
• Effective power is concentrated in
the office of the prime minister
- where most of the important
policies originate
29. Head of the State
Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces
elected by an electoral college
national Parliament
state legislature
5-year terms
can be reelected
30. Fundamental contradiction in constitution
principle of parliamentary sovereignty
principle of judicial review
31. Judiciary tries to preserve the
constitution’s basic structure
to ensure that legislation
conforms with the intent of the
constitution
parliament tries to assert its
right to amend the constitution
33. India is a Secular Country
No State Sponsored Religion
Major Religions
Hindu: 75%
Muslim: 12%
Christian: 6%
Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, &
Jews: 7%
Ironically religion is a uniting
feature
Hinduism is non proselytizing
No preaching
Most people are tolerant
Very private
Becoming less important
35. Twenty-two (22)
Official Languages:
Hindi
Language of the State
English
Languages Demarcate States
North India
Sanskrit (like Latin)
Indo-Iranian-Germanic Branch
Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, &
Marathi
South India
Dravidian Branch
Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, and
Kannada
Tamil
36. Rice
Vegetables
Seafood
Meat-however, cows
are considered sacred
by Hindus, many of
whom are vegetarian
Masala-spices
Tea-common drink
37. Use of Spices, Lentil, &
Herbs
Practicing Vegetarians
South India
Idli, Dosai, Vadai
Sambar, Chutney,
Vegetables
Rice, Pickle, & Yogurt
Coffee (Milk + Sugar)
North India
Roti, Chapati
Lentils, Cheese
Sweets, Yogurt
Tea (Milk + Sugar)
43. Largest producer of
movies
About 1000
movies/year
Bombay (Bollywood)
Chennai
Kolkata
Hindi, Bengali, Tamil,
Telugu, and others
Songs and dances are
important
Story line range from
banal to serious
44. Slowly Replacing Movies
Doordarshan (State owned)
National and Regional
Other Television Stations
Private
Corporations
Hindi, Tamil, English
language programs
News, Sports, Drama, Mini
Series
Regional (Sun TV)
Radio is loosing popularity
Urban Stations Popular
All India Radio
45. Traditional (Natraj: Shiva)
Bharata Natyam
Kuchi Pudi
Katha Kali
Popular Dance
Movie Dance
Western Rock & Roll
Spectators
46. Traditional Music
Hindustani (N India)
Vocal
Instrumental
Carnatic (S India)
Vocal
Instrumental
Popular Music
Movies
Very Popular
Professionals
Western Pop Music
Urban Areas
Clubs
46
57. Traditional
Legacy-System
Agrarian
Textile
Raw Materials
Spices
Jewelry
Modern
Knowledge-Based
Information Technology
Out-Sourcing
Customer Service
Manufacturing (Low cost
qualified people)
58. India is in Transition
Middle Class is Gaining Economic Status
There is a Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor
Small Percentage is Very Rich
Social System may not be Ready
There is no Economic Safety Net
Young Entrepreneurs should Embrace Rural Folks
Grameen Bank of Bangladesh
Micro Lending
Technological Empowerment
Government Should Enforce Fair Distribution of
Wealth
59. 9th largest economy in terms of
nominal GDP and 3rd largest in terms
of purchasing power parity (PPP)
60. High Tech India!
• Bangalore in southern India is the new
software center of the world!
• Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Motorola, Intel,
Honeywell, Cisco, Philips, and Dell
• Indian software companies: TATA,
Wipro, and Infosys.
• Gurgaon, Chennai, and other cities are
becoming call center headquarters.
61.
62. Major issues India faces
• Population related:
–Poverty
–Literacy rates (education)
–Agricultural misuse or overuse
• Hindu – Muslim relationships:
–India – Pakistan tensions
–Kashmir situation
–Sikh nationalism
–Hindu nationalism
