3. Geography of Brunei
Darussalam
Brunei Darussalam is a sovereign country in
South east Asia that is located on the
northern coast of the island of Borneo.The
country has an area of 5,765 km² which
occupies the island of Borneo with coastline
touches the whole South China Sea
4. Administrative divisions
Brunei is divided into four districts
(daerahs)and 38 subdistricts (mukims).
The daerah ofTemburong is physically
separated from the rest of Brunei by the
Malaysian state of Sarawak
No District Capital
Population (2011
census)
Area (km2)
1. Belait Kuala Belait 60,744 2,724
2. Brunei-Muara Bandar Seri Begawan 279,924 571
3. Temburong Pekan Bangar 8,852 1,304
4. Tutong PekanTutong 43,852 1,166
6. Explan of Flag Brunei
Darussalam
The national flag of Brunei has the crest of
Brunei in the centre, on a yellow field.The field is
cut by black and white diagonal stripes
(parallelograms at an angle).
The yellow field represents the sultan of Brunei.
In Southeast Asia, yellow is traditionally the color
of royalty, and the royal standards of Malaysia
andThailand, and the flag of Sarawak, along
with the presidential flag of Indonesia, also use a
yellow field
7. The crest consists of a crescent (symbolising
Islam) facing upwards, joined with a parasol
(symbolising monarchy), with hands on the sides
(signifying the benevolence of the government).
On the crescent is the national motto in Arabic:
“Always render service with God's guidance”
( الدائمونالمحسنونبالهدى ). Below this is a banner
inscribed with Brunei Darussalam (‘Brunei, the
Abode of Peace’)
The black and white stripes represent Brunei's
chief ministers who were once joint-regents and
then – after the sultan came of age – senior
advisors: the Pengiran Bendahara (First Minister,
symbolised by a slightly thicker white stripe) and
the Pengiran Pemancha (Second Minister,
governing foreign affairs, symbolised by black)
8. Motto of Brunei Darussalam
الدائمونالمحسنونبالهدى
“Sentiasa membuat kebajikan dengan
petunjuk Allah”
“Always in service with God's guidance”
9. Brief History
Brunei is a country among the oldest
kingdoms in the Malay world.The existence
of this old Brunei to records obtained by
Arab, Chinese and oral tradition.
Islam began to grow very rapidly in the
sultanate of Brunei since Syarif Ali was
appointed as the sultan of Brunei 3rd in the
year 1425 AD the word Darussalam, the term
in Arabic is "a peaceful place" or "home
security", embedded in the 15th century by
sultan 3rd Sharif Ali.
10. In 977 AD, Chinese records began to use the term Po-ni which
some scholars believe to refer to Borneo. However, there is no
factual evidence to justify that assumption.In 1225, a Chinese
official, Chau Ju-Kua (Zhao Rugua), reported that Po-ni had 100
warships to protect its trade, and that there was a lot of wealth in
the kingdom.
In the fourteenth century, the Javanese manuscript
Nagarakretagama, written by Prapanca in 1365, mentioned
Barune as the vassal state of Majapahit.which had to make an
annual tribute of 40 katis of camphor. In 1369, the Sulus attacked
Po-ni, looting it of treasure and gold. A fleet from Majapahit
succeeded in driving away the Sulus, but Po-ni was left weaker
after the attack.A Chinese report from 1371 described Po-ni as
poor and totally controlled by Majapahit.
However, scholars claim that the power of the Sultanate of
Brunei was at its peak between the 15th and 17th centuries, with
its power extending from northern Borneo to the southern
Philippines.By the 16th century, Islam was firmly rooted in
Brunei, and the country had built one of its biggest mosques. In
1578, Alonso Beltrán, a Spanish traveller, described it as being
five stories tall and built on the water.
11. Form of Government
Kingdom of Brunei Darussalam is a country that
has a style of government Absolute Monarchy
with the sultan, who served as head of state and
head of government, serves as prime minister
and Minister of Defence, assisted by the advisory
council sultanate and several ministers
Brunei does not have a legislative council, but in
September 2000 the Sultan convened to
determine the parliament that was never held
again since 1984. Brunei became one of the most
stable country in terms of politics in Asia
12. Politic in Brunei Darussalam
Brunei's political system is governed by the
constitution and the national tradition of the
Malay Islamic Monarchy, the concept of Melayu
Islam Beraja (MIB).The three components of MIB
cover Malay culture, Islamic religion, and the
political framework under the monarchy.It has a
legal system based on English common law,
although Islamic shariah law supersedes this in
some cases.Brunei has a parliament but there
are no elections; the last election was held in
1962.
13. Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, His Majesty
Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal
Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah is the head
of state with full executive authority. Since
1962, this authority has included emergency
powers, which are renewed every two years.
Brunei has technically been under martial law
since the Brunei Revolt of 1962. Hassanal
Bolkiah also serves as the state's Prime
Minister, Finance Minister and Defence
Minister.The Royal family retains a venerated
status within Brunei
14. Economic System Of Brunei
Darussalam
As the Islamic State of Brunei embraced
liberal economic system in which the
economy is set by the government and the
country's assets or wealth controlled by a
combination of the royal party (domestic)
and foreign / private
15. This rich small economy is a mixture of domestic
and foreign enterpreneur. Brunei has a teritory
which is not so great and the people are not so
much just about 400 thousand to make the
government adopt policies that provide
opportunities for the private sector to contribute
in general to participate in economic activities of
the State. With a wealth of oil and natural gas
are abundant certainly will invite more foreign
investors to invest in Brunei, it is also supported
by the fact that the rotating wheels of the
economy of Brunei is not a native of the ethnicity
of Malay, Chinese dominate the trade and the
English master the industry sector. It shows that
the government provides flexibility for the
private sector in economic activity in the State
16. Product and Income of Brunei
Darussalam
Brunei is small, wealthy economy is a mixture of
foreign and domestic entrepreneurship,
government regulation, welfare measures, and
village tradition.Crude oil and natural gas
production account for about 90% of its GDP.
About 167,000 barrels (26,600 m3) of oil are
produced every day, making Brunei the fourth-
largest producer of oil in Southeast Asia.It also
produces approximately 25.3 million cubic
metres (890×10^6 cu ft) of liquified natural gas
per day, making Brunei the ninth-largest
exporter of the substance in the world
17. Brunei has a unique economy which
combines a mixture of local and foreign
investment and government regulation. It is
one of the richest countries in the world
because of its small population and reserves
of oil and gas.The country enjoys one of the
highest per capita GDPs (US$41,130 in 2008-
12) in Asia benefiting from high export
earnings and foreign investment. Its GDP
growth is 0.6% per annum (2008-12). Crude
oil and gas form the basis of the country’s
economy, accounting for over 90% of foreign
exchange earnings and 50% of GDP.
18. Substantial income from overseas
investment supplements income from
domestic production. Most of these
investments are made by the Brunei
Investment Agency, an arm of the Ministry of
Finance.The government provides for all
medical services, and subsidises rice and
housing.
23. Bruneian Cuisine
Bruneian cuisine is the cuisine of
Brunei. It is similar to, and heavily
influenced by the cuisine of
neighbouring Malaysia, Singapore,
and Indonesia, with additional
influences from India, China,
Thailand, and Japan. As is common
in the region, fish and rice are
staple foods, though beef is
expensive and thus less common.
Due to the predominance of the
Islamic religion, the food is halal
and pork is avoided. Alcohol is
banned in Brunei.In rural areas,
game animals such as wild birds,
sambar deer, and barking deer are
hunted
24. Demographics
Ethnicities indigenous to Brunei include the Belait,
Brunei Bisaya (not to be confused with the
Bisaya/Visaya of the nearby Philippines), indigenous
Bruneian Malay, Dusun, Kedayan, Lun Bawang, Murut
and Tutong
The population of Brunei in July 2013 was 415,717
of which 76% live in urban areas. The rate of
urbanisation is estimated at 2.13% per year from
2010 to 2015. The average life expectancy is 77.7
years. In 2014, 65.7% of the population were Malay,
10.3% are Chinese, 3.4% are indigenous, with 20.6%
smaller groups making up the rest. The official
language of Brunei is Malay. The Ministry of Culture,
Youth and Sports supports for a lingual movement
aimed at the increased use of the language in Brunei
25. Language In Brunei
Darussalam
There are a multitude of languages spoken in
Brunei.The official language of the state of
Brunei is Standard Malay.This came into force
on 29th September 1959, with the signing of
Brunei 1959 Constitution
English is also widely used as a business and
working language. It is also the language of
instruction in secondary and tertiary education.
Other languages spoken in Brunei include the
Chinese, Indian and Native languages spoken by
the minority ethnic groups
26. Culture
The culture of Brunei is predominantly Malay
(reflecting its ethnicity), with heavy influences from
Islam, but is seen as much more conservative than
Indonesia and Malaysia.Influences to Bruneian
culture come from the Malay cultures of the Malay
Archipelago. Four periods of cultural influence have
occurred, animist, Hindu, Islamic, and Western. Islam
had a very strong influence, and was adopted as
Brunei's ideology and philosophy. Brunei's official
main language is the Malay language but the English
language is also widely spoken as it is considered a
compulsory subject in the majority of the schools
27. As a Sharia country, the sale and
public consumption of alcohol is
banned.Non-Muslims are allowed to
bring in a limited amount of
alcohol from their point of
embarkation overseas for their own
private consumption
