An informative presentation given to American audience in North Carolina.

2. India: 562 Princely states

3. TRIBUTE
J L Nehru &M K Gandhi, V B Patel M A K Azad
(Harrow/Trinity/Inner Temple), (Middle Temple; iron man), self taught poet…
(Inner Temple)

4. FIRST: SOME NITTY GRITTY
STUFF
RENUNCIATION
TRUTH..PEACEFUL
DYNAMISM
EARTH/NATURE

5. SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
1947 (8/15): A dominion under the British
Commonwealth. 1950: (1/26) declared as REPUBLIC
Indian Constitution: British and US BLEND ??
•Federal: Legislative Powers Shared bet.
Council of the Parliament of the Union--
President, House of the People (Lok Sabha),
Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
•States: elected legislative assemblies (CM &
CABINET). Governor –APPOINTED

6. SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
Lok Sabha Elections (552 max.)
(</=5 yr., 543 (upto 131 SC+ST reserved, upto
20 UnTer), + upto 2 Anglo-Indian appointed
if??? )
•Majority/coalition (>=50%) forms gov’t:
•Council of Ministers (PM head)--advises the
•President, who “exercises” his function
accordingly.
Real power : Coun. of Mnstr—PM head.

7. The President shall be elected by the
members of an electoral college consisting of—
(a) the elected members of both Houses of
Parliament
(b) the elected members of the Legislative
Assemblies of the States
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
Council of States, President
Rajya Sabha (238 members + 12) 6 yr. term
1/3 rotated every 2 yrs.
•12 Pres. Appoint. (art, lit., science, social services)
•238 elected by Assemblies of state and U Terr..

8. SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
• All legislation approved by LS & RS, except
financ…
• RS = LS : Const. amendments; quorum 2/3 of
membership present, majority vote
• RS=S : Impeach the President (2/3 members)
• RS=LS : Impeach. Supr Crt J and State Court J,
quorum 2/3 membership, majority carries
• RS= LS : 2/3 majority declare war, national
emerg.; simple majority to declare const. emerg.
in a state.
• LS can be dissolved, NOT RS

9. DEMOCRACY with a
DIFFERENCE
INDIA USA
POPULA… ‘13 1.27B [51/ min 316 M
Area 3,287,590 km2
9,372,610 km2
Voters 814 million ~130 million
No. of Parties 6 National
54 State
1563 unrecog.
2
GDP ‘12 1.86 Tr (10th
) 16.24 Tr (1st
)

10. DEMOCRACY with a
DIFFERENCE
INDIA USA
Demogr. Div… 0-25 (50%) 0-18 (23.5%)
Male/female 1000/940 49/51
Below Inter.
poverty line
(<$1.25/day)
(2013)
22% ?????
76% need food
subsidy
~ 14.9%
LITERACY 12% (1947), 74% (‘11)
Largest illit. population
86 %
LANGUAGES 22 (OFF), 398 (living) Northern,
Southern, …

11. Religions in India (2001)
Hinduism (80.3%); Islam (13.0%);
Christianity (2.9%);
Sikhism (1.6%); Buddhism (1.5%)
Jainism (0.5%); Other (0.6%)
DEMOCRACY with a
DIFFERENCE
• Aboriginal of India (ADIVASI): S. Tribes---I V C
• Untouchables—DALITS [SC]

12. BJP AAP INC
INDIAN DEMOCRACY:
Complexities

13. SOME BORING FACTS
28
STATES
6
UN TER
1 NCT-
Delhi

14. SOME BORING FACTS

15. ELECTION PROCESS
• A polling booth for <1500
voters, voter travel < 2km
• Electronic voting backed
by paper…
• ECI & UNDP…50 foreign
delegate, 20 countries,
observing the election
process
3.26 M used
in the election

16. LS ELECTIONS

17. THE ELECTION PROCESS:
FRAUD CONTROL

18. LS ELECTIONS

19. THE DRAMA: THE
ELECTION PROCESS

20. DRAMA: PARTIES
CONTESTING

21. PRE-ELECTION DRAMA:
PERSONALITIES

22. Trinity College, Cambridge (1994–1995),
Rollins College (1991–1994),
Harvard University (1990–1991),
St. Stephen's College, Delhi (1989–1990),
The Doon School (1981–1983)

23. ARVIND
KEJRIWAL (45)
• IIT Kharagpur, TATA steel, Civ. Serv. Exam.
• Ind RS as a Jt. Commis. in Income Tax Dept.
• Disgusted with corruption
• Promoted enactment of Right T I act (reply in 30
days)
• A CRUSADER AGAINST CORRUPTION
• 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award, (biography) FOR
GRASS ROOT MOVEMENT ACTIVITY
• and drafting of Citizen's Ombudsman Bill (anti
corruption measure, protection of whistle-
blowers…) for Delhi…

24. ARVIND
KEJRIWAL (45)
• 2012 launched AAP, 2013 CM of Delhi,
• Citizen's Ombudsman Bill (anti corruption
measure, protection of whistle-blowers…)
for Delhi…49 days…
• Over reach in 2014 election
• FIELDED 432 candidates, won 4 seats
• LOST TO MODI IN VARANASI
• Future?

25. NARENDRA
MODI (63)

26. NARENDRA MODI
(63)

27. THE DRAMA: ISSUES

28. THE DRAMA: DID
PEOPLE CARE?

29. ELECTION RESULTS
NDA(BJP) UPA(INC) (AIADMK) REST
336(282) 58(44) (37) 104
PRIME MINISTER

30. HEADLINES
May 16th
, NYT
Old Order in India
Swept Aside by Hindu
Party Landslide
With Narendra Modi, a
Change in India

31. NARENDRA
MODI (63)

32. THE MUSLIM FEAR
“Fear is a basic part of politics,
and it’s actually how politicians
gain respect, but for us fear also
comes from the general public,”
-- Zahir Alam, imam of Bari
Masjid, Delhi

33. WHAT DID IT
MEAN?

34. QUO VADIS: FEARS
(RUSHDIE)

35. QUO VADIS: FEARS
(RUSHDIE)

36. QUO VADIS: ADVICE

37. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

38. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

39. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

40. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

41. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

42. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

43. SPECULATIONS:
IS MR. MODI

44. 1950
• The new
Constitution of India, which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India a sovereign democratic republ
• Part A states, which were the former governors' provinces of British India, were ruled by an elected
governor and state legislature. The nine Part A states were Assam, Bihar, Bombay,
Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Berar), Madras, Orissa (subsequently renamed
Odisha in 2011), Punjab (formerly East Punjab), Uttar Pradesh (formerly the United Provinces), and
West Bengal.
• The eight Part B states were former princely states or groups of princely states, governed by a
rajpramukh, who was usually the ruler of a constituent state, and an elected legislature. The rajpramukh wa
President of India. The Part B states were Hyderabad, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Bharat,
Mysore, Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU), Rajasthan, Saurashtra, and
Travancore-Cochin.
• The ten Part C states included both the former chief commissioners' provinces and some princely
states, and each was governed by a chief commissioner appointed by the President of India. The
Part C states were Ajmer, Bhopal, Bilaspur, Coorg, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Kutch, Manipur,
Tripura, and Vindhya Pradesh.
• The sole Part D state was the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which were administered by a lieutenant governor appointed by the central

45. 1956
• Andhra Pradesh: Andhra State was merged with the Telugu-speaking area of Hyderabad state(also known as
Telangana) to create Andhra Pradesh in 1956.
• Assam: No change of boundary in 1956.
• Bihar: reduced slightly by the transfer of minor territories to West Bengal.
• Bombay State: the state was enlarged by the addition of Saurashtra and Kutch, the Marathi-speaking districts of
Nagpur Division of Madhya Pradesh, and the Marathi speaking
Marathwada region of Hyderabad. The state's southernmost districts of Bombay were transferred to Mysore State. (In 1960, Bombay State was split into
Maharashtra and Gujarat.)
• Jammu and Kashmir: No change of boundary in 1956.
• Kerala: formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district of Madras State, Kasaragod of South Canara (
Dakshina Kannada). The southern part of Travancore-Cochin, Kanyakumari district was transferred to Madras State.
• Madhya Pradesh: Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal State were merged into Madhya Pradesh; the Marathi-speaking districts of
Nagpur Division were transferred to Bombay State.
• Madras State: Malabar District was transferred to the new state of Kerala, and a new union territory,
Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, was created. The southern part of Travancore-Cochin (
Kanyakumari district) was added to the state. (The state was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1968.)
• Mysore State: enlarged by the addition of Coorg State and the Kannada speaking districts from southern Bombay state and western
Hyderabad state. (The state was renamed Karnataka in 1973.)
• Orissa: No change of boundary in 1956.
• Punjab: enlarged by addition of the Patiala and East Punjab States Union.
• Rajasthan: enlarged by the addition of Ajmer state and parts of Bombay and Madhya Bharat states.
• Uttar Pradesh: No change of boundary in 1956.
• West Bengal: enlarged by addition of minor territory previously forming part of Bihar.
• Union territories[edit]
• Himachal Pradesh
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Delhi
• Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands: created from territory detached from Madras State. (The union territory was renamed as Lakshadweep in
1973.)
• Manipur
• Tripura

46. Michael Wood: SoI, The Biginnings
c. 70,000–50,000 BCE: First humans migrate to India
c. 3300-1600 BCE: Harappa arises in the Indus Valley Civilization
c. 2000–1500 BCE: Migrations of Indo-European Speakers into India
c. 1800 BCE: Climate change began to affect Indus Valley Civilizations
c. 1500–500 BCE: Vedic Period (Bronze Age - Iron Age in north India)
c. 1500–1000 BCE: Earliest hymns of Rig-Veda composed
c. 1000–300 BCE: Iron Age culture in South India c. 599–527 BCE:
Mahavira
c. 563–486 BCE: Prince Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

47. MARKERS OF HISTORY
AJANTA, 2nd
/3rd
BCE

48. MARKERS OF HISTORY