This document defines and describes various building materials and components. It includes definitions of air barrier paper, different types of attic ventilation such as soffit vents and ridge vents, and machinery like backhoes and bulldozers. It also covers framing elements, doors, windows, electrical components, insulation, plumbing fixtures, roofing materials and terms, masonry units, and other construction topics. Each entry provides a brief description and relevant details about the item.

1. Air Barrier Paper The air barrier paper is a backup protection put over the sheathing. It allows water vapor to escape while keeping water out of the home.

2. Attic Ventilation-Soffit Vent The soffit vent allows air flow into the attic or space below the roof sheathing.

3. Attic Ventilation-Ridge Vent The ridge vent allows air to circulate into an attic on a gable roof

4. Attic Ventilation- Gable Vent The gable vent is used to exhaust excess heat and humidity from an attic.

5. Attic Ventilation-Roof Turbine Roof turbines draw air out of the attic while bringing in fresh air from the outside

6. Backhoe A backhoe is a machine that excavates and digs. It consists of an arm and a digging bucket. The width of the bucket on this backhoe is 17”.

7. Batter Boards

8. Brick Arches Brick Arch #1- Segmental Arch Brick Arch #2- Roman Arch

9. Brick Arches (cont) Arch with a Keystone Centering is temporary framework for an arch

10. Brick Bonds Brick Bond #1-This is a running bond because each course alternates stretcher bricks

11. Brick Bonds (cont) Brick Bond #2-This is a Flemish bond because the courses alternate headers and stretchers

12. Brick Bonds (cont) Header Rowlocks Soldier

13. Brick Bonds (cont) Sailor Stretcher Rowlocks

14. Brick Sizes Brick Size #2 Modular brick 3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 7 ½” Brick Size #1 Utility brick 3 ½” x 3 ½” x 11 ½”

15. Bulldozer A bulldozer is a piece of machinery used to push large objects that is equipped with a large metal plate. This usually includes soil, sand, or rubble

16. Cladding Brick Clad Structure Stone Clad Structure-random rubble pattern EIFS clad structure

17. Cladding (cont) Wood shingle definition- shingles that are sawn and used as siding; can be individual shingles or panels Wood shake definition- shingles that are split and used as siding Wood shingle structure Wood Board Clad Structure

18. Code Requirements-Egress Window Measurements Width= 40” Height=27” Area= 7.5 sq. ft Sill height AFF= 25” IBC code requirements 20” minimum width 24” minimum height 5.7 sq ft. minimum area Sill height must be less than or equal to 44” AFF The egress meets IBC code requirements because it’s width and height are more than the minimum. Also, the area is bigger and the sill height is less than code.

19. Code Requirements-Stairs Stair measurements Tread= 10” Riser= 7 ½” IBC code requirements 10” minimum Tread 7 ¾” max riser These stairs barely meet code requirements but the tread meets the minimum and the riser has smaller dimensions than required

20. Concrete Joints A control joint is used to prevent cracking in a slab of concrete Crack near a control joint

21. Concrete Joints (cont) An isolation joint is used to isolate two different concrete structures. They reduce the stress caused by the movement of concrete. Isolation joint that is isolating a column and a slab

22. Concrete Masonry Unit A CMU is a block of hardened concrete that is mainly used to build foundations and sometimes walls. The nominal dimensions of a CMU are 8” x 8” x 16”. The actual size of the blocks are 7 5/8” x 7 5/8” x 15 5/8” to allow for the mortar joints. 3 brick courses= 1 CMU 2 different sized CMU

23. Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit Split block Ribbed block

24. Doors Exterior Panel Door Stile Exterior Flush Door Top Rail Panel Lock Rail Bottom Rail

25. Doors (cont) Transom- a small window above a door; usually a fixed window Sidelight-a tall, narrow window along side a door

26. Electrical Components Transformer on a power pole- electricity from a power plant comes through the transformer and the voltage is stepped down here Service head- once the voltage is stepped down, it is sent to the service head, where the electricity can enter the house

27. Electrical Components (cont) Service Panel- the main distribution center of a home’s electricity. This is where the local utility lines hook up with the circuits in the house. Electrical meter- electricity is sent through the meter to measure how much is being used in the home Duplex Receptacle- connect to circuits in the home to supply electricity to appliances in the home

28. Framing Elements 2) Sill Plate 1) Anchor Bolt

29. Framing Elements (cont) 3) Floor Joist 4) Subflooring 5) Sole Plate

30. Framing Elements (cont) 7) Top Plate 6) Stud 8) Ceiling Joist

31. Framing Elements (cont) 9) Rafter 10) Roof Decking 11) Sheathing 12) Stringer

32. Front End Loader A front end loader is used to load different types of material and carry them. It differs from a backhoe and a bulldozer because it doesn’t dig or push objects.

33. Gypsum Board Gypsum board is an interior facing panel sandwiched between paper faces that is put over studs to be used as walls. It is often called drywall or plasterboard.

34. Heat Pump An advantage of heat pumps is that they can rapidly heat and cool a house. A disadvantage of heat pumps is that they are noisy, especially the compressor unit. The air handling unit takes the air from the compressor and sends it all throughout the house using the air ducts. The compressor is taking air from outside and transferring it into the home. The air moves across coils that either heat it or cool it.

35. Insulation Insulation is used to slow the exchange of heat in your home. Insulation forms a container around the home to create a thermal envelope. Batt/blanket insulation Loose fill insulation

36. Insulation (cont) Foam Insulation Rigid Board Insulation

37. Lintel A lintel is a beam used to carry the load of a wall across a window or door opening Concrete Lintel

38. Mortar Mortar Joint #1 This mortar joint is tooled and is ½” wide. It is used on a column of a building. My guess is Type M mortar might have been used on this joint because it is on a column.

39. Mortar (cont) Mortar Joint #2 This mortar joint is tooled and is 3/8” wide. It is used as cladding on a building. My guess is Type S mortar might have been used on this joint because it needs to be strong to hold up to the weather elements.

40. Oriented Strand Board A nonveneered panel product composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions that are glued together and bonded under pressure.

41. Plumbing Shower set in framing prior to gypsum board insulation Lavatory= 1-1 ½” pipes used to drain it Water Closet= 3” pipes used to drain it

42. Plumbing (cont) Plumbing Roof Vent- VTRs connect to bathroom fixtures and let air into the pipes to maintain pressure Kitchen sink- this sink is a drop in

43. Plywood Wood panels that are made of an odd number of thin wood veneers that are glued together Veneer- a thin layer, sheet, or facing

44. Radiant Barrier A radiant barrier is a reflective material that inhibits heat transfer by radiation. It is usually placed between the rafters of a roof to deflect the sun’s rays. However, It doesn’t protect against conduction or convention.

45. Rebar The deformations on rebar allow better bonding to concrete. This rebar is ½” and is #4

46. Steep Roof Drainage Gutter-a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt at the eave of a roof and moves it down a downspout Downspout-a vertical pipe that carries water from the gutter to a lower level Splashblock-a concrete block that diverts water at the bottom of a downspout to avoid soil erosion

47. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment- a layer of waterproof material between roof sheathing and roofing. It keeps water off of the sheathing and prevents it from entering the home Clay Tile Roof

48. Steep Roof Materials (cont) Shingle- a small unit of water resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other units to render a sloping roof watertight Single roof that isn’t asphalt

49. Steep Roof Materials (cont) Metal Panel Roof- typically galvanized or aluminized steel are used for metal panels

50. Steep Roof Shapes Gable Roof Gambrel Roof Hip Roof Mansard Roof

51. Steep Roof Terms Ridge-the level intersection of roof planes at their highest point Valley-the sloping intersection of 2 roof planes where water drains towards it

52. Steep Roof Terms (cont) Rake- the sloping edge of a roof Eave-the level, low edge of a roof

53. Steep Roof Terms (cont) Fascia-the exposed vertical face of an eave Building without a fascia Soffit- the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building of an eave

54. Stone Stone in a random rubble pattern Stone in a coursed rubble pattern

55. Stone (cont) Stone in a coursed ashlar pattern Stone in a random ashlar pattern

56. Vapor Retarder The Vapor Retarder restricts the passage of water vapor through a building and is most commonly put on batt insulation. It is usually put on the warm side in winter. Vapor Retarder-brown paper on one side of the insulation

57. Waterproofing Waterproofing is an impervious membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. It keeps water from entering the foundation. This waterproofing is liquid applied. Waterproofing- liquid applied

58. Weep Hole A small opening in brick cladding to permit the drainage of water that accumulates inside a building cavity. It is usually a head joint that is left unmortared to allow water caught in the cavity a place to escape. Weep Hole

59. Wielded Wire Fabric

60. Windows Window #1- This is an Awning window because the sash tilts outward and is hinged on the head jamb

61. Windows (cont) Window #2- This is a Casement window because the sash tilts outward and is hinged on a vertical jamb

62. Windows (cont) Window #3- This is a Hopper window because the sash tilts inward and is hinged on the sill