The document discusses several theories on why Jesus had to die and the atonement:
1) Substitution theory - Jesus took the punishment for humanity's sins in our place.
2) Christus victory - Jesus defeated Satan and death through his resurrection.
3) Ransom theory - Jesus paid the ransom to Satan to free humanity from sin.
4) Satisfaction theory - Jesus satisfied God's offense at sin through his sacrifice.
5) Moral exemplar theory - Jesus set the moral example of love and obedience.
6) Governmental theory - Jesus represented humanity so God could relax the law requiring death for sin.
5. Jesus’ Death
on the Cross
32 AD 2022
CMV-101 Class
400 years
How does Christ’s Payment in 32 AD, in Israel
Get to us in 2022, in Phoenix
6. Why did Jesus have to die?
1. Substitution Theory
2. Christus Victory
3. Ransom Theory
4. Satisfaction Theory
5. Moral Exemplar Theory
6. Governmental Theory
9. Substitution Theory
• We sinned
• We are guilty
• We deserve punishment
• Jesus was punished in our place
• We are acquitted
10. Substitutionary Theory
The view that Christ was a legal substitute for us on
the cross and that he bore the penalty for our sins
that is due us.
Slick, M. (2017). What is the penal substitutionary atonement theory?https://carm.org/doctrine-and-theology/what-is-the-penal-
substitutionary-atonement-theory/
11. Legal substitutionary Atonement: The atonement
theory that Jesus died on the cross in place of sinners
in order to pay the penalty for their sin and to free
them from God's judgment and reconcile them to
God.
Greever, Josh. (2020). The wisdom and mercy of God. In The Beginning of Wisdom. Grand Canyon University.
12. You were dead in your trespasses…[But] God made
you alive together with him, having forgiven us all our
trespasses, by canceling the record of debt that stood
against us with its legal demands.
(Col 2:13–14 ESV)
14. Christus Victor
• Sin brought death into the world
• Jesus defeated death
• Jesus crushed Satan
• Jesus victored the power of sin
• We are now liberated
15. “Death is swallowed up in victory.” “O death, where is
your victory? O death, where is your sting?” The sting
of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. But
thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through
our Lord Jesus Christ.
(1 Cor 15:54-57)
16. When he ascended on high, he led a host of captives,
and he gave gifts to men.
(Eph 4:8 ESV)
20. Ransom Theory
• Adam & Eve sold humanity to Satan
• Satan holds humans slaves to sin
• God had to pay Satan a ransom
21. Ransom Theory
• Jesus tricked Satan by letting him kill him
• Jesus became the ransom
• Freed men & women from sin
• Now Satan has no power over humans
22. Because of their sin people rightly belong to Satan,
the fathers reasoned. But God o
ff
ered his son as a
ransom, a bargain the evil one eagerly accepted.
When, however, Satan got Christ down into hell he
found that he could not hold him. On the third day
Christ rose triumphant and left Satan without either his
original prisoners or the ransom he had accepted in
their stead.
Morris, L. (1984). Theories of the atonement. In Walter Ellwell (Ed.). Evangelical dictionary of theology. Baker: 102
23. You were RANSOMED from the futile ways inherited
from your forefathers, not with perishable things such
as silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Christ,
like that of a lamb without blemish or spot.
(1 Pet 1:18–19 ESV)
26. Satisfaction Theory
• God is like a Medieval Lord
• God is Holy and cannot allow sin in his presence
• We are sinful
• Our sin o
ff
ends him and alienates us from him
• Because God’s perfect, only a perfect sacri
fi
ce can pay
• Jesus is God, therefore His sacri
fi
ce satis
fi
ed God’s
wrath
27. It was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put
him to grief; when his soul makes an o
ff
ering for guilt,
he shall see his o
ff
spring; he shall prolong his days;
the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Out of
the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satis
fi
ed;
(Isa 53:10–11 ESV)
30. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to
sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in
every respect has been tempted as we are, yet
without sin
(Hebrews 4:15 ESV)
32. God as king passed a law that said, "The soul that
sinneth, it shall die." But God did not want all sinners to
die. So, he relaxed the rule and accepted the death of
Christ representing all humanity. Christ did not actually
take our punishment but su
ff
ered as an example so that
(1) God’s law was upheld, and (2) sinners were forgiven.
Morris, L. (1984). Theories of the atonement. In Walter Ellwell (Ed.). Evangelical dictionary of theology. Baker: 102
33. Why did Jesus have to die?
1. Substitution Theory - Jesus took our punishment in our place
2. Christus Victory - Jesus defeated Satan and Death
3. Ransom Theory - Jesus ransomed us from Satan
4. Satisfaction Theory - Jesus satis
fi
ed God’s o
ff
ense at sin
5. Moral Exemplar Theory - Jesus ful
fi
lled the law setting moral example
6. Governmental Theory — Jesus represented all humanity
37. Innocence/Guilt v Honor/Shame
What you do
Good deeds / Bad deeds
Individual — only a
ff
ects you
Actions independent of the Person
Who you are
Relationship / Trust
Community — a
ff
ects others
Reputation is a part of the Person
40. What did Christ accomplish on the cross?
1. Removed our shame
41. You will not be ashamed…for you will not be disgraced; for
you will forget the shame of your youth, and the reproach of
your widowhood you will remember no more
Isaiah 54:4, ESV
42. I sought the Lord, and he answered me and delivered me from
all my fears. Those who look to him are radiant, and their faces
shall never be ashamed
Psalm 34:4-5, ESV
43. What did Christ accomplish on the cross?
1. Removed our shame
2. Bestowed upon us honor
44. When your faith remains strong through many trials, it will bring
you much praise and glory and honor on the day when Jesus
Christ is revealed to the whole world
1 Peter 1:7, NLT
