2. Types of Migration
Causes of Number of people
movement Distance Legality Time scale
involved
Small
Forced Group Legal Short term
Short
Individual
Voluntary Illegal Permanent
Long
Mass Migration
3. Voluntary Migration – Long term (Permanent)
Motivated by own choice / own freewill
Looking for a change
improvement in their employments
Better quality of life in another place / country
Common pull factors:
Better employment opportunities
High salary
High standard of living
4. Over the last century, many
Indian migrants have
voluntarily settled over other
parts of the world.
Est 20 millions ethnic Indians
live in countries outside
India, Europe & North
America
found jobs in factory, helped
rebuild the post war
economies of countries they
5. Voluntary Migration – Short term
Move to take jobs and
Send part of their earnings back to their home
country
Intended to return back to home country
Contract, control by Immigration policies
Applied through agencies with work permits / visas
Citizenship will not be given
6. In Hong Kong, 150,000
Filipino women working
as domestic servants /
nannies
Many
Bangladeshi, Indians, Th
ais migrate to Brunei to
work at many
construction industry
7. Refugees
Individual / Mass migration
Motivated to find better place to live
Common Push Factors:
Religious wars / political wars / civil wars
Ethnic prosecution / genocide
Famine, disease, natural disaster
8. The drought in Sahel Region has resulted in the
degradation of vast areas of the central and
northern Africa
Lead to agricultural unproductively
More than 10 millions people have been forced to
migrate to wetter regions of Africa
Large numbers of Ethiopians fled to Sudan due to
drought and civil wars,
9.
10. "IOM has made an
urgent appeal to donors
for $2.6 million which
would allow it to help
6,000 Ethiopians, many
of them unaccompanied
minors and women
currently in a horrific
situation. Some of the
things that women, for
example experience,
they are often kept
against their will by
smugglers in their
homes and we know of
many instances of
11. Enters a country
without legal approval
Motivated by
economic
opportunities
Sneak in by boats, on
foot or by using fake
12. Retained in detention
camps
Forced to return to
country of origin
especially unskilled
background people
Heavily guarded border
13.
14.
15. Refugees may apply to seek political asylum in
the destination countries
In UK,
Major concern is to ensure that refugees are
genuine
Those who are not qualify the strict criteria will be
sent home
Those who are qualified will be given access to job
16.
17. Kosovo is a province of Serbia, the core former
Yugoslavia
99% of its population – ethnic Albanians
In 1999 – long term tension between Serbia and
Kosovo led to war
Serbia invaded Kosovo and set about killing or
forcibly removing ethnic Kosovars.
Thousands of people were killed, injured and or raped
18. Properties were destroyed and
Half of the population fled to become refugees in
neighbouring countries like Albania and Macedonia
Among European countries only Germany agreed to
accept a large number of refugees
Britain and France argued that they had already
provided aid on the ground in supplying security for
the region as well as help for the refugees.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Refugees normally fled to neighbouring
poor countries and they usually arrive in
large numbers in a short time. What are
the possible problems they may
generate in the host countries?
28. Finding living spaces for them
Food
Shortages of medical care
Spread of diseases
Overcrowdiness
Lack of facilities
Tensions between the host population and
refugees
Very poor conditions
29. Why are the Britain and France reluctant to
accept the Kosovo refugees?
Britain and France argued that they had
already provided aid on the ground in
supplying security for the region as well as
help for the refugees.
They caused a lot of problems and it’s a
burden to them
