How the patterns of global migration has changed over time

1. Patterns of International
Migration

2. Starter
• Can you think of reasons for mass
movement of people
• Why do countries like Singapore have
strict guidelines on migration
• Why do you think the vote for BREXIT is
often seen as a vote on migration policy

3. Learning Objectives
• Understand the reasons why people move
internationally.
• Understand there are patterns to
international migration
• Assess the theories of migration

4. So far
• As we see migration is internal such as in
places China and also international
• Lee’s model helps to explain why through
push and pull factors
• That each country has different laws and
regulations on migration such as
Singapore. (Intervening Obstacles)

5. Lee
• All migration follows Lee’s assumption that when positives
outweigh negatives people will move
• This includes forced migrations
• International migration patterns have changed overtime
• Europe to the ‘New World’ (Colonialisation)
• Forced migration from Africa to the Americas
• Economic migrants from Developing countries to Europe

6. Low paid international migration
• India to the UAE:
• 2 million plus Indians live in the UAE
• This is 30% of the pop’n
• Many in Abu Dhabi and Dubai
• They send over $15billion home in
remittances annually
• Most work in transport, construction and
manufacturing
• Around a fifth work in services
• WHY?

7. Elite international Migration
• Highly skilled workers and socially
influential people
• Wealth from their profession or inherited
assets
• Some have multiple homes in multiple
countries (Global citizens)
• They encounter few obstacles to
movement
• USA and Russian oligarchs in the UK even
though not members of the EU
• WHY?

8. Environmental Factors
• Climate change has impacted on some
areas making it harder to earn an income
from the land
• Sea Level Rise on low lying coastal areas
• Kiribati to New Zealand is already
occurring and will only increase

9. Conflict
• Global regional conflict
is rising with fighting in
several failed states this
causes massive
movement of displaced
people due to conflict
• Top movement due to
conflict:
– Syria 7.6 mill
– Colombia 6 mill
– Iraq 3.4 mill
– Sudan 3.1 mill
– DRC 2.8 mill

10. Why do people move
• List the factors that make people move
such as:
• Financial

11. Theories of Movement
• Neoclassical Economic theory
– Wage difference led migration from low to high wage countries
• Dual labour Market Theory
– Pull factors in developed countries bring migrants to fill low skilled
jobs as home pop’n don’t want to do them
• The New Economics of Labour Migration
– Flows and patterns can’t be explained by push and pull factors but
are more complex
– Remittances from family members aboard can improve their lives
• Relative Deprivation Theory
– Income differences. Successful migrants can afford better
schooling and Q of L
– This serves as an example to others and encourages further
migration
Do these help explain the movements we know?

12. World Systems Theory
• Already seen in Superpowers
• As trade and industry moves so do people
whose Q of L falls due to loss of work
• De-colonisation still allows trade patterns
to continue and migration also

13. Case Study: Displacement Africa
to Middle East
• 2011 saw Syrian war begin pushing
millions out of their homeland
• Over 4 million are being hosted by
countries in the Middle East
– Turkey
– Lebanon
– Jordan
– Iraq
– Egypt
• Continued pressure and lack of
space in these countries are forcing
people further afield to Europe

14. Complexity
• This isn’t the only
movement in the area
• Sub Saharan populations
are moving and the Horn of
Africa as well as conflict in
Libya is causing people to
move to the Gulf
• Where prosperity and
wealth beckons
• Conflict in Yemen caused
2 million to become
displaced

15. Other Issues
• With conflict there are also environmental
factors to consider

16. People Move Because:
Social Economic Political Environmental
To be with family Job/ lack of Persecution Floods
Retirement Wages War/ Conflict Droughts
Health Income
differences
Asylum seeking Tropical storms
Q of L Prospects Natural Disasters
Education
How can we control these movements of people globally.