Process selection for productions & operations management

1. Process
Selection
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2. Contents
Types of production system
Project
Job
Mass
Production
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3. Process selection
The ways organizations choose to produce or
provide their goods and services.
 It involves choice of technology, type of processing,
and so on.
It influences
 Capacity planning
 Layout of facilities
 Equipment
 Design of work systems
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4. Forecasting
Product and
Service Design
Technological
Change
Capacity
Planning
Process
Selection
Facilities and
Equipment
Layout
Work
Design
Process selection
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5.  Variety
 How much
 Flexibility
 What degree
 Volume
 Expected output
Factors which influence process selection
Batch
Repetitive
Continuous
Job ShopProject
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6. Types of manufacturing systems
Types
Intermittent
system
Continuous
system
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7. Intermittent System
 Goods are made to specially fulfill orders made by
customers rather than for stock
 Production facilities are flexible
 Most products are produced in small quantities
 Workloads are generally unbalanced
 In-process inventory is large
 Highly skilled operators
 Needs high investment
 Elaborate sequencing & scheduling may be
required
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8. Continuous System
 Items are produced for stocks and not for specific
orders
 Inputs are standardized
 Standard set of process and sequence
 Does not require diverse work
 Balanced operational stages
 Simple control process
 Weakness in the system can be easily located
 Material requirement can be easily planned.
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9. Project: A non-repetitive set of activities directed
toward a unique goal within a limited time frame
 Unique
 Whole project is considered as one operation
 Non routine
 Each product is a class in itself
 Highly skilled manpower
 Generally high investments
 High unit cost of production
 Examples: Building a bridge, Dam construction
Process Types
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10. Batch: Produces many different products in
groups (batches)
 Low or Moderate volume
 Moderate variety. Variety among batches but not inside
 Batch is not passed to next operation until the work on
previous operation is complete
 Examples: Bakeries, movie theaters, classrooms, printing
press
Process Types
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11. Job shop: Provides unit or lot production or service
with changeable specifications, according to
customer needs
 Small scale
 Small lots
 low volume
 general equipment
 Skilled workers
 High-variety
 Examples: Dentist’s office
Process Types

12. Mass production: Items are produced in large
quantities and much emphasis is not given to
consumer orders
 Standardization is the fundamental characteristic
 Uniform and uninterrupted flow of materials is maintained
 Pre-determined sequence
 One type of product at one time
 Generally used to produce sub-assemblies or parts/components
Process Types

13. Intermittent
 Same product is not
produced continuously
 Items produced for
order
 Equipment used for
limited time
 Wide range of products
can be manufactured
 Smaller scale of
production
 Planning & control
operations
complicated & tedious
Continuous
 Same product produced
continuously
 Items produced for stock
 Regular use of
equipment
 Only particular type of
product can be
produced
 Large scale production
 Planning & control
operations simple & easy

14. Intermittent
 Production process
flexible
 Per unit cost of
production is high
 Functional type of
organization
 Product & process is
not standardized
Continuous
 Process not flexible
 Per unit cost of
production is low
 Divisional type of
organization
 Product & process
standardized