Slums are overcrowded, poverty-stricken areas lacking open spaces and healthy housing. They form due to factors like industrialization, lack of zoning laws, and migration to cities. Slums are characterized by inadequate access to water, sanitation, and other infrastructure along with poor housing quality and overcrowding. Efforts to reduce slums include slum clearance and improvement programs which aim to demolish unsafe structures, widen roads, and provide amenities to improve living conditions for slum residents. Preventing new slum formation requires measures like ensuring affordable housing and maintenance of buildings.

1. SLUMS..
Slums…
SUBMITTED BY-SUBMITTED BY-
Sheetu Goel

2. SLUMS..
 A slum is an overcrowded poverty- sticken area
having lack of open spaces and presence of unhealthy
residential structure.
 The formation of slum converts the and into a
place of vices and miseries and more or less it results
into the state hell on the surface of earth.
 A slum is an area that combines to various
extents the following characteristics-
• Inadequate access to safe water
• Inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure
• Poor structural quality of housing
• Overcrowding
• Insecure residential status
#22

3. SLUMS..
■ DECENTRALIZATION
■ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
■ EDUCATION
■ IMPROPER USE OF LAND
■ INDUSTRIALIZATION ■ LACK OF ZONING
#33
• Rich and middle class people move out to the
extended portions of the town and thus, the poor
people are left unattended in the overcrowded central
area of the town.
 Most important and universal characteristic of
slums is poverty,
 Unemployment & growth of population may force
the affected persons to stay in unhealthy conditions.
 lack of education drags the inhabitants into social
evils
Lack of attention to improve the living conditions
 if land fit for any particular purpose, is used for
another purpose, the slums may be formed.
 if the town is not divided into suitable zones and
development is allowed to place at random, the slums
may be created.
 the slums may be said to be the direct result evil result
from industrialization which in the early stages never took
care of panning houses for laborers.

4. SLUMS..
■ REPAIRS AD MAINTENANCE
■ MIGRANTS
■ POWERS AND LOCAL AUTHORITY
#44
Squatter is a person who illegally occupy the land
without title.
The colonies of squatters may result into slums.
Flow of migrants per day increases in metropolitan
cities.
About one- third of the population live in ramshackle
huts with no civic amenities.
 if local authority does not have adequate powers to
control the development of town, the slums may be
formed.
 cheap houses made for collecting rents are not
maintained properly, slum favoring conditions may
develop.

5. SLUMS..
■ APPEARANCE
■ FIRE HAZARDS
■ HEALTH AND SANITATION
■ INCOME CRITERIA
■ MORALS
#55
 slum and its unpleasant appearance is offending
Structures appear to be deteriorated and to be of over – age.
Slum looks neglected with disorderly buildings, roads and yards.
Fire is the biggest enemy of slum dwellers
Slum area is often exposed to fire hazards & consequent damages
Slums are the areas of high sickness and death rates,
Characterized by low standards of sanitation
Lack of public services for sanitation
Slum areas are occupied by the lowest income group of the society.
 lack of education drags the inhabitants into social evils
Lack of attention to improve the living conditions
Sum may prove to be an area of crime and vice,

6. SLUMS..
■ SOCIAL ISOLATION
■ WAY OF LIFE
#66■ OVERCROWDING
■ POPULATION
ORIGIN OF CRIME…
Slum population all over India is 40,297,341
(40 million).
 40% of total Indian population lives in
slums,
Almost quarter of Indian metro cities live in
slums
Sadly 5 million o this population are young
children (0 – 6 age group)
Slum is overcrowded with buildings or the buildings are
overcrowded with people or in the worst condition, both the
conditions prevail in the slum.
If the slum population Is racial or cultural, it grants a
degree of social organization.
For heterogeneous occupancy, the inhabitants are of
different categories which are not welcome in other
localities.
The slum area is of the lowest social status and is linked up with the rest of
the community through its labour force.
In a democratic society, slum dwellers can identify them with certain
political groups because of their equality of voting and other legal rights.
The way of life of the
inhabitants may be such that
they are strangers to one
another or they form a family
slum with thick acquaintance
with one another.

7. SLUMS..
■ ABSENSCE OF AMENITIES
■ HEALTH
■ SURROUNDING LOCALITY
■ UNDESIRABLE SPOTS
■ WORKING CONDITIONS
#77
 due to overcrowding, essential amenities are lacking in
required proportion in slum areas.
 Climate of slums leads to unhealthy conditions of living,
 Inhabitants are easily attacked by various types of
diseases.
 Working of nearby hospitals, institutes, schools is
seriously affected by slums.
 Slums are the undesirable spots on a city plan,
.it disturbs the appearance of good features of a city plan.
 due to noise, traffic, congestion, smoke, dust and all, it is
not possible to work peacefully in slum areas.
Contaminated water
Inadequate disposal of human
being W
aste water and garbage
Nutritional deficiencies
No emergency services
High rates of mental illness &
suicideIndoor air pollution

8. SLUMS..
#88
 SLUM CLEARANCE IS THE PROCESS OF IMPROVING THE
EXISTING CONDITIONS OF SUMS.
Bring down the difference between various classes (lowBring down the difference between various classes (low
class, high class, etc.)class, high class, etc.)
MAIN OBJECTIVESMAIN OBJECTIVES
Prevention of occurrence of epidemics in the townPrevention of occurrence of epidemics in the town
Providing essential amenities for healthy livingProviding essential amenities for healthy living
Removal of ugly spots of slums from the mapRemoval of ugly spots of slums from the map
COMPLETE REMOVALCOMPLETE REMOVAL
METHODMETHOD
IMPROVEMENT METHODIMPROVEMENT METHOD
SLUM CLEARANCESLUM CLEARANCE
METHODSMETHODS
Following are the two methods by which slum clearance programmes can be carried out…

9. SLUMS..
COMPLETE REMOVALCOMPLETE REMOVAL
METHODMETHOD
IMPROVEMENT METHODIMPROVEMENT METHOD
 Ill-constructed houses are demolished,Ill-constructed houses are demolished,
only good houses are retained.only good houses are retained.
 Open spaces left are used for widening ofOpen spaces left are used for widening of
roads, recreational grounds or buildingroads, recreational grounds or building
new houses.new houses.
 This method is costly as the people whoThis method is costly as the people who
are dishoused are to be provived withare dishoused are to be provived with
alternative housing facilities.alternative housing facilities.
 If the sum is due to poor drainageIf the sum is due to poor drainage
arrangement or insanitary, houses are notarrangement or insanitary, houses are not
demolished then.demolished then.
 Certain steps may be taken up toCertain steps may be taken up to
improve the conditions.improve the conditions.
 This method includes Improvement ofThis method includes Improvement of
street systems, removal of obstructingstreet systems, removal of obstructing
structures, modification of drainagestructures, modification of drainage
systems, etc.systems, etc.
#99

10. SLUMS..
■ Construction of open or covered drains,
■ Necessary repairs
■ Opening up or paving of courtyards,
■ Provision of additional or improved fixtures or fittings
■ Provision of bathing places, water taps and light points
■ Provision of latrines including conversion of dry latrines into flush
latrines
■ Realignment of replotting of streets
■ Removal of rubbish and debris
■ Structural additions and alterations
■ Miscellaneous including the demolition of any building or any part of
the building for executing any of the works mentioned above.
#1010

11. SLUMS..
#1111
 In this scheme, the available open land is suitably subdivided and allotted to slum dwellers.
Constant watch should be kept on the area developed under this scheme so that the open plot
scheme areas do not deteriorate into the worst slums.
Some of the precautionary measures to be adopted for the successful implementationSome of the precautionary measures to be adopted for the successful implementation
of the scheme are as follows:of the scheme are as follows:
 The area of the plot should not exceed 20 sq.mt. to 25 sq.mt, so that the
scheme may not attract the better off classes.
 The individual lessees may be provided with the possible alternative
designs for the construction of small houses.
 The plots should be given on long – term lease with necessary conditions
for cancellation and re – entry in case of breach of terms of the lease
document.
The self – help combined with the use of locally available materials and
methods of construction should be encouraged.

12. SLUMS..
#1212
 The complete removal of slum has been recognized as
the ultimate objective and slum improvement has been
considered as an immediate alternative to give relief to the
slum dwellers.
The main difficulties to be encountered whileThe main difficulties to be encountered while
pursuing the slum clearance programme are aspursuing the slum clearance programme are as
follows:follows:
Following are some of the measures which may beFollowing are some of the measures which may be
adopted to make the slum clearance and rehousingadopted to make the slum clearance and rehousing
schemes successful:schemes successful:
Constraint of resources;
High cost of alternative sites near place of work;
Lengthy and time consuming procedures of the acquisition
of slum area;
Low rent paying capacity of the slum dwellers;
Unwillingness of the slum dwellers to move from the areas
selected for clearance.
In the surrounding areas of the metropolitan city, a chain of growth canters, known as satellite towns,
should be formed.
The slum rehabilitation scheme may be combined with some commercial schemes so as to make it self-
supporting in finance.
The minimum carpet area including sanitary convenience may be decided for a family.
The potentialities of the open plot scheme combined with self-help housing on the part of the slum
community should be fully exploited.
The state government should make enough provision in the budget every year for the construction of
minimum houses for the slum population.

13. SLUMS..
#1313
Cheap housingCheap housing
Construction ofConstruction of
buildingsbuildings
Maintenance andMaintenance and
repairrepair
Rent restrictionsRent restrictions
Social educationSocial education
The formation of slum is very slowThe formation of slum is very slow
process and extreme care should beprocess and extreme care should be
exercised by the authorities concerned toexercised by the authorities concerned to
prevent the springing up of new slums inprevent the springing up of new slums in
the town.the town.
Some of the important measures whichSome of the important measures which
can be taken to prevent slum formationcan be taken to prevent slum formation
are as follows:are as follows:

14. SLUMS..
#1414
National Agenda of Governance and
‘Housing for All’
National Agenda of Governance (NAG) has identified
‘Housing for All’, both in urban and rural sectors, as a priority
area with particular emphasis on the needs of the vulnerable
groups. Although, shelters or housing for the Economically
Weaker Sections (EWSs), Low Income Groups (LIGs), slum
dwellers and shelter less may be a common concern in both
these sectors alike, the problems of the homeless are more
acutely pronounced in the urban sector, particularly in the wake
of large scale migration and the phenomena of rural-urban
transition.
In this context, Delhi Master Plan 2021, now being formulated, is also being influenced by us to provide
space for the marginalized and homeless in Delhi. Although, the shelter has been very beautifully defined
in the Master Plan of Delhi 1991, giving due importance to socio-economic compatibility, livelihood,
education, health and other priority areas, in the context of the EWS/ LIG but in terms of actual space and
facilities, it remains untranslated on the ground.

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#1515

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#1616

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#1717

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#1717

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#1818

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#1919

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Thank