A saturated set of slides that talk about multiple drilling equipment processes & aspects. Examples: rig types, systems, drilling mud, bits, pipes & etc.

1. Drilling technics
and technology
2018
Farida Ismayilova

2. Agenda:
• Rig Types
• Rig Components
• Drilling personnel
• Drill String Components

3. Movable by Trucks as parts
or a Piece
- Variable Sizes and
Capacities
Rig Types:
• Onshore Rig
• Offshore Rig
Land Rig:

4. Offshore rigs:
Jack-Up
Semi-
Submersib
le
Drill Ship Platform

5. Jack-up rig:
- 600ft (183m) depth of
Water
- Movable by Boats
- stand on 3 or more Legs
& Hull
- Jacked up and down to
allow Settling or
Movement
1ft = 0.3048 m

6. Semi-Submersible
rig:
-600-4000ft (183-1219m)
depth of Water
- Movable by Floating &
Towing by Boats, Fixed by
Chains & Anchor
- composed of 4-6 Legs
supported by Pontoons
- Known as THE
ELEPHANT

7. Drill Ship:
- Deep Marine
- Offer greater Mobility
but not well fixed like
others thru Drilling
- Fixed by Anchors

8. Platform:
- 9000ft (2743m) Depth of
Water
- Drilling, Production and
Storage
- Built of Steel and
Concrete
- drill several wells in the
same time

9. Rig Components:

10. Rig Components:
Hoisting
System
Rotational
system
Circulation
System
BOP
Power
System

11. 1- Hoisting System:

12. 1- Hoisting System:

13. 1- Hoisting System:
Rotary table Travelling block & hook

14. 1- Hoisting System:
Deadline anchor
Drawworks
Swivel

15. Equipment required for handling:
1- Slips: devices to hold the weight of drill string when it
isn’t supported by the hook

16. Equipment required for
handling:
3- Elevators: hung from the hook
by links and are used for latching
around the drill pipe to lift it.
2- Links: hold the Elevators

17. Equipment required for handling:
5- Spinning Wrench: used for rapidly
spinning out or spinning in the drill pipe
when breaking out or making up the pipe.
4- Tongs: used in make up or break out
manually connection between two stands

18. 2- Circulation System:
Active Tanks Pumps
Swivel
Stand Pipe
Drill String
Rotary Hose
gooseneck
Suction
annulus
Flow Line
Shale Shaker
Sand Trap
Waste pool
Possum Belly
Centrifuge Desilter Desander
Bell
nipple

19. 2- Circulation System:

20. Tanks:
1- Active ( Suction ): connected directly to Pumps.
2- Trip: small tank connected to hole while tripping.
4- sand trap: directly under shale shaker receiving filtrated pure mud.

21. Pumps:
2 types
- Duplex: double acting – old fashion
- Triplex: single acting with 3 pistons

22. Stand Pipe: steel pipe mounted vertically on rig floor, allows mud to
move from the mud lines coming out from the mud pump to the
rotary hose.

23. Rotary hose: rubber hose connecting between standpipe and a
gooseneck in the swivel.

24. Swivel: hanged from the hook, allow passage of mud to string,
allow rotation of string while it is fixed and help in carrying
weight of string

25. Annulus: space
between drill string
and the hole
Drill bit

26. Flow Line: pipe connecting hole to mud pits through possum
belly

27. Possum Belly: very small tank, receive mud from flow line and
pour onto shale shaker, where degasser is placed

28. Shale shaker: vibrating screen used to separate mud fluid from
cuttings

29. Desander & Desilter: device that used to remove particles from the mud
that haven’t removed by shale shaker by centrifugal force
Desander Desilter

30. 30

31. Centrifuge: device used to clear mud from small particles

32. 1 2
1- Rig’s Degasser: a device that removes the gas from the mud before it is re-
circulated down the hole, installed upon tank getting mud from it release gases
then pour it back.
2- Mixing hopper: Powdered chemicals and solids needed by the mud are
added using the mixing hopper.
3- Waste pool: large hole where waste and cuttings are dumped

33. 3- Rotational System:
a- Kelly System:
- Old fashion
- Mechanism: rotary table turns by action of its own motor cause
rotation of master bushing that turns Kelly bushing which turns
Kelly which cause rotation of drill string.
- Due to kelly length (12 m) only one joint could be added
(max. 2 joints / connection)
- String cannot be rotated while being lifted.
-Kelly: the topmost joint in the drill string and is 40-45 feet in
length, It is commonly square or hexagonal.
- Outside swivel

34. 3- Rotational System:

35. 3- Rotational System:
Kelly
Drive bushing
Master bushing
Rotary table
Drive bushing=kelly bushing

36. 3- Rotational System:
a- Kelly System:
- Old fashion
- Mechanism: rotary table turns by action of its own motor cause
rotation of master bushing that turns Kelly bushing which turns
Kelly which cause rotation of drill string.
- Due to kelly length (12 m) only one joint could be added ( max.
2 joints / connection)
- String cannot be rotated while being lifted.
-Kelly: the topmost joint in the drill string and is 40-45 feet in
length, It is commonly square or hexagonal.
- Outside swivel

37. 3- Rotational System:
Rotary table
Kelly
Kelly bushing

38. 3- Rotational System:
b- Top Drive System (TDS):
- Allow fewer connections
where it connect stand by stand
(30 m) in one connection
- Contain its own swivel
assembly
- Allow rotation while
lifting ( back reaming )

39. 4- Blow Out Preventer System (BOP):
Consists of:
Annular Preventer: rubber sealing element which, when pressure is applied,
closes around the drill pipe or Kelly (close the annulus) or even can close the
open hole.
the annular preventer can be made to close on any size or type of drill pipe,
rated for surface pressure up to 5000 psi
Ram Preventers rated for pressure up to 15000 psi, only seal around a specific
pipe size
Pipe Rams: These have a rubber face molded to fit around a certain size of drill
pipe, cannot close an open hole.
Blind Rams: These are hydraulic rams which will close and completely close
off the borehole, can close an open hole.
Shear Rams: have specially designed cutting structures, which when closed on
drill pipe, will cut through the drill pipe and completely close off the borehole.
- The Hydraulic Press. Used to close BOP is generated from the Accumulators
that contain high press Nitrogen, in case of emergency BOP could closed
manually but only in Land rigs & Jack Up
1psi=0,068atm

40. 4- Blow Out Preventer System (BOP):

41. 4- Blow Out Preventer System (BOP):

42. 4- Blow Out Preventer System (BOP):

43. 4- Blow Out Preventer System (BOP):
Accumulator
BOP control panel

44. Well control:
- Kick: an entry of other formation fluid into the wellbore ( influx of Fm.
Fluid into hole )
- Blow out: uncontrolled flow of formation fluid ( uncontrolled kick )
In case of kick occurring:
1- close the well by one of BOP rams
2- the mud saturated with gases in the hole must be circulated out the hole
- Choke Manifold: a series of valves, gauges and lines that controls the
rate of flow from the well when the blowout preventers are closed, When
the well is shut in, mud circulated through the choke manifold, The flow
is diverted from the flow line or choke manifold to the mud-gas separator.
The separator releases the gas that is then carried by the vent line at the
top to a remote flare.
- Mud Gas Separator: separates the flammable gas from the mud so that
the gas can be
flared off at a safe distance from the rig.
-- Drilling Spool: choke line and kill line is connected to it.
-- Kill Line: line used in case of killing the well by adding high viscous
mud to settle gases down.

45. Mud Gas
Separator
Choke
manifold

46. Personnel: Drilling Crew
Company Man: representative of
Exploration Company, managing rig
Operations according to Company
Program
Well Site Geologist: representative of
Exploration Company defining Formation
Tops, Casing Points and supervise Wire
Line Logging, Coring, MWD, Mud Logging
describing Cuttings...etc.
Mud Engineer: service Engineer responsible
for make and assure qualifications of Mud
Prosperities as required along the Hole
according to Mud Plan.
Mud Logger: Service Engineer responsible
for supervisory of all drilling parameters
and record Gas Readings
MWD/LWD: Service Engineer responsible for
record Tool(Gamma, Neutron..etc.), angle
& Azimuth Reading along the Hole.
DD: Service Engineer responsible for Deviated
Drilling Directions and perform these
directions according to Directional Plan
Tool Pusher: the man in charge of the rig
and overall drilling operations.
Driller: in charge of Drilling, perform
Drilling Machinery.
Assistant Driller: in charge of Drilling in
absence of Driller & measure Pipes
Lengths in use.
Derrick-man: in case of absence of ass.
Driller he is in charge, he works on the
Monkey Board handling Stands during
Tripping.
Mud Tester: responsible for mixing and
adding mud
Floor-man: (roughneck)is responsible for
handling the drill pipe during connections
or trips.
Roustabout: handle the equipment and
supplies that are constantly being supplied
to the rig.
Crane Operator // Mechanic // Electrician

48. Drill String Components:
1- Bit 5- Jar
2- Drill Collar 6- Stabilizer
3- Heavy Weight Drill Pipes 7- Bit Sub
4- Drill Pipes 8- Mud Motor or Turbines
Drill Pipes (DP):
- Each length of drill pipe is approximately 30 to 31 feet long.
- A single drill pipe is called a joint, Each end of the joint is threaded, Box (a) and Pin(b).
- Every Three Connected Joints called Stand.
Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA):
- The entire drill string less the drill pipe.
- The functions of the BHA are:
- Protect the drill pipe from excessive bending and torsional loads
- Control the direction and inclination in directional holes
- Place weight on the drill bit
a b

50. Drill Collars
- heavy, thick-walled joints of pipe used just above the bit in the drilling string.
- They are approximately 30 feet long and heavier than drill pipes. The outside
diameter is larger than that of the DP
Drill collars are used to;
- Act as a pendulum to keep the hole straight.
- Maintain rigidity and keep the drill string in tension
- they may be Rounded or spiralled
- Spiral provide a passage for mud to exit so reduce
Probability of differential sticking.
Heavy Weight Drill Pipes (HWDP):
- They are drill pipes with a body weight that is 2-3 times greater than standard drill
pipe.
- Same OD of DP but smaller ID than DP
- Place weight on the drill bit.
- May be rounded or spiral too.

52. 52
X ✓X

53. - Stabilizers and Subs:
- The crossover sub is used to link different sizes and types of pipe.
- The shock sub is run behind the bit, absorb the impact of the bit bouncing on
hard formations.
- The stabilizer is a sub with “blades”. It has two functions:
- To keep the drill collars centered in the hole
- Maintain a full gauge hole
- The reamer is a sub that is run between the bit and drill collars to provide gauge hole while drilling in
hard formations.
- The bit sub is a short sub with a box on both ends. This allows the bit to be joined to the drill string.
- Hole Openers and under-reamers are tools that are run immediately above a bit to enlarge the hole
size.
where, Under-reamer arms opened by Mud Press. But Hole Opener Arms are Used Opened
- Bits:
4 Main Types;
a.Drag Bits
b.Roller cone or rock Bits
c.Diamond Bits
d.Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) Bits
e.Coring Bit
a.
b.
c.

54. 54

55. 55
Under-reamer
Hole Opener Reamer

56. - Positive displacement mud motor (PDM):
Spiral shaped steel rotor inside rounded rubber stator, used mainly in
directional drilling where it allows rotation of the bit with oriented
drill string in certain direction by help of bent sub.
- Turbine:
Consists of several stages, each made up of bladed rotors and
cylindrical stator
- Jar:
Involved in BHA, used in case of stuck to free the string by doing
kinetic action upward
- MWD Tool:
Used sometimes in case of azimuth measurements, rock petrophysical
properties are needed.

57. 57

58. 58
ic

59. 59
Kinetic Energy (Energy in Motion)
Converts to Impacts Force
Drilling Jar
Operation

60. Translation of the terms used in the presentation into Azerbaijani
Glossary - Lüğət

61. 61
Drag bit Pərli balta
Drawworks Bucurqad
Drill bit Qazıma baltası
Drill Collar (DC)
Ağırlaşdırılmış qazma
borusu
Drill Pipe (DP) Qazma borusu
Drill ship Qazıma gəmisi
Drill spool Qazıma makarası
Drill string Qazıma kəməri
Driller Qazmaçı
Drilling crew Qazıma briqadası
Drilling direction Qazıma istiqaməti
Drilling line Tal kanatı
Drilling mud or drilling Qazıma məhlulu, gilli
Drilling rig or rig Qazıma qurğusu
Drive bushing Kvadrat içliyi
Electrician Elektrik
Elevator Elevator (Qaldırcı)
Energy system Enerji sistemi
Fast line Kanatın hərəkətli ucu
Floor-man/ roustabout Fəhlə
Flow line Atqı xətti
Fluid Məhlul
Gooseneck “Qaz boğazı”
Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP)
Ağır Qazma Borusu
(AQB)
Hoisting system Qaldırıcı sistem
Hole Quyu lüləsi
Hole Opener Lülə açan
Hook Qarmaq
Inclination angle Zenit bucağı
Active tanks Aktiv tanklar
Annular preventer Həlqəvi preventor
Annulus Həlqəvi fəza
Assistant driller Qazmaçı köməkçisi
Azimuth İstiqamət
Bit sub Balta keçiricisi
Blind rams Kar plaşkalar
Blow Out Partlayış
Blow Out Preventer (BOP) Preventor
Bottom Hole Assembly
(BHA)
Qazma Kəmərinin Aşağı
Hissəsi (QKAH)
Brake lever Əyləc
Casing head Qoruyucu kəmər başlığı
Centrifuge Sentrifuqa
Choke line Ştuser xətti
Circulation system Sirkulyasiya sistemi
Company Man Şirkət nümayəndəsi
Conductor Konduktor (kəməri)
Core
Laydan götürülən süxur
nümunəsi
Coring bit Sütuncuqlu balta
Crane operator Kran operatoru
Crossover (XO) Diametr keçiricisi
Crown or crown block Kronblok(tərpənməzdir)
Dead line Kanatın hərəkətsiz ucu
Deadline anchor Lövbər
Derrick-man Yuxarı fəhlə
Desander Qum təmizləyici
Desilter Gil təmizləyici
Diamond bit Almaz balta
Dog house “İt damı”

62. 62
Jack-up rig
Özüqalxan üzən qazıma
qurğusu
Jar/ Drilling jar Yas (яс)
Kelly Kvadrat (boru)
Kelly bushing Kvadrat içliyi
Kick Təzahür (neft/qaz/su)
Kill line Boğma xətti
Links Ştroplar
Logging While Drilling
(LWD)
Qazıma Zamanı Karotaj
(QZK)
Mast Qüllə
Master bushing Əsas içlik
Measuring While Drilling
(MWD)
Qazıma Zamanı Ölçmə
(QZÖ)
Mechanic Mexanik
Monkey board Verxovoy balkonu
Mud engineer Qazıma məhlulu mühəndisi
Mud logger
Qazıma məhlulu karotaj
mühəndisi
Mud tester Qazma məhlulunu yoxlayan
Personnel İşçi heyəti
Pipe rams Boru plaşkaları
Platform Platforma
Polycrystalline Diamond
Compact(PDC) bit Polikristallik Almaz balta
Positive Displacement Mud
Motor (PDM) Quyudibi qazma məhlulu motoru
Possum belly Ötürücü çən
Pump Nasos
Ram preventer Plaşkalı preventor
Reamer Genişləndirici
Roller cone bit/rock bit Şaroşkalı balta
Rotary hose Qazıma şlanqı
Rotary table Rotor stolu
Rotational system Fırladıcı sitem
Sand trap Qum tələsi
Semi-submersible rig
Yarımdalma üzən qazıma
qurğusu
Shale shaker Titrəyən ələk (rusca: vibrasita)
Shear rams Kəsici plaşkalar
Shock sub Amortizasiya keçiricisi
Slip Pazlı tutucu (Klin)
Spinning wrench Avtomat qazıma açarı
Stabiliser (Stab) Stabilizator
Stand of drill pipe Şamdan (rusca: Podsveçnik)
Stand pipe Dik boru
Sub Keçirici
Substructure Özül
Suction Sorma
Swivel Fırlanğıc
Tongs
Universal maşın açar ı (rusca: УМК
– UMK)
Tool pusher Baş qazıma ustası
Travelling block Tal bloku (tərpənəndir)
Turbine Turbin
Under-reamer Açılan genişləndirici
V-door Boruları qaldırmaq üçün körpü
Waste pool Tullantı hovuzu
Well control Quyuya nəzarət
Well site geologist Sahə geoloqu