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1. University of Benghazi
Faculty of Engineering & petroleum – Galo
Department of petroleum Engineering
Oil machineries
lecture (1)
Rig components
By: Anas Almahmody
2. RIG COMPONENTS
• THE MAIN RIG COMPONENTS
1. Hoisting System.
2. Rotation System.
3. Mud circulation System.
4. Well Control System.
5. Power Generation System.
3. 1 The Hoisting System
The complete hoisting system has
several basic functions: -
1- Supporting the weight of the drillstring, possibly
up to several hundred tonnes.
2- Lifting the drillstring in and out of the hole.
3- Maintaining the force, or weight, applied to the bit
during drilling.
4. 1- Mast or Derrick
2- Drowworks
3- Drilling line
4- Crown & Travelling Block
5- Drilling Hook
5. DERRICK OR MAST
MAIN PURPOSES
1- To support the Rig floor,
providing a space for
equipment and workers.
2- To provide space under
the floor for special,
large valves called
blowout preventers.
6. DERRICK WITH PIPE RACKED
1- Drill pipe is pulled and
racked in stands. A stand is
usually consists of three joints
of pipe.
2- A Derrick or mast is the steel
structure that supports many
feet of drill pipe, often
weighing more than 100 tons.
11. RIG HOISTING SYSTEM
• The wire rope is specially
designed for the heavy loads
encountered on the rig. To achieve
the greatest economy from the
use of wire rope on the rig, the
line selected should be in accord
with both; the load requirements
and the design of the sheaves in
the traveling block and the crown
block.
12.
13. 2- ROTATING EQUIPMENT
• The rotating equipment from top to bottom consists
of the swivel, the Kelly, the rotary table, the drill
stem, and the bit. The drill stem is the assembly of
equipment between the swivel and the bit,
including the Kelly, drill pipe, and drill collars.
16. SWIVEL
• A Swivel is a remarkable mechanical device. It is
attached to the traveling block by a large bail. The
swivel has three main functions:
• (1) it supports the weight of the drill stem;
• (2) it allows the drill stem to rotate
• (3) it provides a pressure-tight seal and
passageway for the drilling, or completion fluid to
be pumped into the drill stem.
18. KELLY and ROTARY TABLE
• The Kelly is a three-,four-,or six-sided length of pipe,
about 40 feet long, that is the upper part of the drill
stem. It serves passageway for the fluid and transmits
the rotary movement to the drill pipe and bit.
19. Lifting Equipment
i- Bails and Elevators.
ii- Slips.
iii- Tongs.
iv- Power Tongs and Pipe Spinners.
v- Chain Wrench.
25. 3-Mud circulation System.
•One of the essential of rotary drilling is a
circulating system. Fluid must be circulated
downward through the drill stem, around the
bit, and upward in the annular space between
the drill stem and the wall of the hole or the
casing.
26. PURPOSES OF CIRCULATION
• The principal purposes of circulation fluid are to -
1- clean the bottom of the hole;
2- cool the bit;
3- flush cuttings from the hole;
4- support the walls of the well;
5- prevent the entry of formation fluid into the
borehole.
27. THE MUD CYCLE
The mud is pumped from the mud suction tank
through a discharge line to a stand pipe. The stand
pipe is a steel pipe mounted vertically on one leg of
the mast or derrick. The mud is pumped up the
standpipe and into a flexible, very strong reinforced
rubber hose called the rotary hose, or Kelly hose.
34. Rig Pumps.
Most rigs have two rig pumps to circulate the mud
under pressure around the entire system. Smaller rigs
drilling shallower holes may only require one. Rig
pumps can be of two types:
1- Duplex pump.
2- Triplex pump.
36. 4-Blow Out Prevention System
During normal drilling operations, the hydrostatic pressure, at any depth,
exerted by the column of drilling fluid inside the well exceeds the
pressure exerted by the formation fluids. Thus, the flow of formation
fluids (influx or kick) into the wellbore is prevented.
Should, however, the pressure due to the formation fluid exceed the
hydrostatic pressure of the mud column, the formation fluid, be it water,
gas or oil, will be able to feed into the wellbore. This is known as a
kick.
A kick is defined as an influx of formation fluid into the wellbore that can
be controlled at surface. When this flow of formation fluid becomes
uncontrollable at surface, the kick becomes a blowout.
37. BOP Stack
The BOP stack must be able to:
1. Close the top of the wellbore to prevent fluid from escaping to surface
and risking an explosion.
2. Release fluids from the wellbore under safely controlled conditions.
3. Enable drilling fluid to be pumped into the well, under controlled
conditions, to balance wellbore pressures and prevent further influx (kill
the well).
4. Allow movement of the drillstring.
38. Closing the well
This is achieved with preventers or rams, enabling the
annulus to be closed off or the complete wellbore to be closed
off, with or without pipe in the hole.
39. Annular Preventer
This is a reinforced rubber seal, or packer, that surrounds
the wellbore. When pressure is applied it will close around
the pipe, sealing off the annulus. The annular preventer
has the advantage that with pressure progressively
applied, it will close in on any size of pipe or any shape.
41. Ram Type Preventers
Pipe or Casing Rams
Here, the rubber faces of the ram are moulded to match the outside diameter of specifically sized pipe. The rams
can therefore close around that specific drillpipe exactly, closing off the annulus. If more than one size of
drillpipe is being used, the BOP stack must include pipe rams for each size of pipe in the hole.
Blind or Shear Rams
These rams, closing from opposite sides, will close off the complete borehole when there is no drillpipe in the
hole. If there is pipe in the hole, the rams will crush it or cut through it if equipped with shear blades (shear
rams).
Shear rams are more typically used in subsea stacks so that, if pipe is in the hole, the well can be completely
closed off should the well have to be temporarily abandoned. Blind rams are more typically used in stacks
situated
42.
43. 5-POWER SYSTEM
1- PRIME MOVERS:
• The main source of power, Gas, Diesel, diesel-Electric.
2- POWER TRANSMISSION
Two common means are used to transmit the power from
prime movers to the rig component.
44. MECANICAL CHANE DRIVE
On a mechanical-drive rig, the power is transmitted from
the engines to the draw works, pumps and other rig
machinery through an assembly known as the compound;
consists of clutches, couplings, sprockets, belts,
pulleys,and shafts, all of which function to achieve the
transfer of power.
45. DIESEL-ELECTRIC SYSTEM
• On a diesel-electric rig, diesel engines, drive large electric
generators. The generators, in turn produce electricity that
is sent through cables to electric switch and control gear,
then electricity goes through additional cables to electric
motors that are attached directly to the equipment
involved-draw works, mud pumps and the rotary .
