This document discusses different types of splints and traction used for immobilizing fractures. It describes ladder splints, Thomas splints, and Bohler's modification of the Braun splint. Thomas splints consist of a ring, medial bar, and lateral bar and are used to immobilize the lower limb. Bohler's modification uses pulleys to allow changing the angle of traction without adjusting the traction arrangement. The document also covers skin traction versus skeletal traction, application sites for each, and risks associated with traction use.

1. Rangeen Chandran

2.  Any material used to support a fracture is
known as splint.
 Unconventional.
 Conventional.

3.  Temporary immobilization of sprains,
fractures, and reduced dislocations
 Control of pain
 Prevention of further soft tissue or
neurovascular injuries

5.  Ladder splint.
 Used for temporary splintage of fractures
during transportation.
 Made of 2 thick parallel wires with
interlacing wires.
 Can be bent into different shapes.

6.  Thomas splint.
 Devised by Hugh. Owen Thomas.
 Initially used for immobilisation for
tuberculosis of the knee.

7. PARTS OF THOMAS SPLINT
 Consist of:
 Ring
 Medial bar
 Lateral bar

8. USE
 Immobilisation of lower limb

10.  Bohler’s modification of braun splint.
 Consisted of only 1 pulley.

11. • Pulley a-
calcaneal/dist
al tibeal
traction.
• Pulley b-distal
femoral/proxim
al tibial traction
• Pulley c-
change angle
of traction

12.  Angle of traction can be changed
without changing traction arrangements.
 Simultaneous tractions possible.

13.  Not suitable for transportation.

14. Use-Club foot(CTEV)

25.  Splint should be properly applied, well padded at
bony prominences and at the fracture sites
 Bandage of the splint shouldn’t be too tight nor
too loose.
 Patient should be encouraged to actively exercise
the muscles and the joints inside the splint as much
as permitted.
 Any compression of nerve or vessel should be
detected early and managed accordingly.
 Daily checking and adjustments should be made.

26.  Traction is a method of restoring
alignment to a fracture through gradual
neutralisation of muscular forces.

27. USES
a) Reduction of fractures and dislocations.
b) Immobilising painful and inflamed joint.
c) Preventing deformities.
d) Correction of soft tissue contractures.

28.  FIXED TRACTION
Counter-traction is provided by a part of the
body.
 SLIDING TRACTION
Weight of the body under influence of
gravity provides counter-traction.

31.  SKIN TRACTION
 SKELETAL TRACTION

32.  Adhesive/non
adhesive strap is
applied on skin
and traction
applied.
 Acts over large
area.
 Max.wt permissible-
6.7kg.

33.  Traction applied through pin/wire driven
through bone.

34.  Pins used-
1. Steinmann pin
2. Denham’s pin

35.  K wire(Kirschner’s wire)

36.  Olecranon
 Greater trochanter
 Lower end of femur
 Upper end of tibia
 Lower end f tibia
 Calcaneum

37. SKIN TRACTION SKELETAL
TRACTION
AGE Children Adults
APPLIED WITH Adhesive plaster Pin,wire
APPLIED Skin Bone
SITE Below knee Upper tibial pin
traction
Wt.PERMITTED 3-4 kg 20kg
DURATION Short long

38.  Over distraction
 Loss of position
 Pressure sores
 Pin track infection
 Injury to vessels or nerves

39. a. Traction should be made comfortable.
b. Proper functioning of traction unit must
be ensured.
c. Sensations over toes and fingers should
be normal.
d. Proper position of fracture ensured by
taking check xrays in traction.
e. Physiotherapy of limb should be
continued to minimise muscle wasting.