2. TERMINOLOGIES
TERMINOLOGIES
• Wastewater: Water when used for different
purposes like domestic, commercial, industrial
etc., receives impurities and become
wastewater. Thus it is used water and has
physical, chemical and biological impurities.
• Sewage: wastewater contain human excreta
• Sullage: wastewater from bathrooms and
kitchen that does not contain human excreta
• Plumbing/Drainage System: It is entire
system of pipeline for providing water supply to
the building or it is a system of pipes for
disposal of wastewater from the building.
3. TERMINOLOGIES
• Sewer: A pipe carrying sewage /wastewater is called
sewer.
• Soil Pipe: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.
• Vent Pipe: A vertical pipe that provides circulation of
air to and from the drainage system.
• Stack: A general term used for any vertical line of soil,
waste or vent piping.
• Cleanout: An access opening to allow cleanout of the
pipe.
• Waste Pipe: It is a pipe carrying sullage from
bathrooms, kitchen, sinks, wash basins, etc.
4. • Sewerage System: A system of sewers of different
types and sizes in a town collecting wastewater
from the town and carrying it to the wastewater
treatment plant.
• Sanitary sewer: A Sewer pipe that carries only
sewage.
• Storm Sewer: A sewer pipe that carries storm
water or other drainage (excluding sewage)
• Building sewer: Part of the drainage system from
the building
• Sewer Main: A sewer pipe installed and
maintained by public entity and on public property
TERMINOLOGIES
6. PIPES
• Soil Pipe: It is pipe carrying sewage from
W.C.
• Vent Pipe: A vertical pipe that provides
circulation of air to and from the drainage
system.
• Waste Pipe: It is a pipe carrying sullage
from bathrooms, kitchen, sinks, wash
basins, etc.
• Antisiphonage Pipe: Installed to preserve
the water seal in the trap through proper
ventilation
PIPE TYPE DIAMETER
Soil Pipe 100 MM
Waste Pipe Horizontal 30-50 MM
Waste pipe vertical 75 MM
Rainwater pipe 75 MM
Vent pipe 50 MM
7. TRAPS
• These fixture have water seal which prevent sewer gas from
passing back into the occupied space of building. Essentially all
plumbing fixture must be equipped with internal or external trap.
P-trap exit in the
wall behind sink
Q-trap is used in toilet
under water closet
S-trap is used with
Siphonage pipe
8. TRAPS
Based on use, traps are classified:
• Floor trap (Nahani trap): to admit sullage from floors
of rooms, bathrooms, kitchen etc. into the sullage
pipe. The opening is provided with cast iron or tainless
steel or galvanized gratings at its top to prevent entry
of larger matter reducing chances of blockage
• Gully trap: provided at a junction of a roof drain and
other junctions coming from kitchen and bathrooms.
• Intercepting Trap: provided at a junction of a house
sewer for preventing entry of foul gases of municipal
sewer in to the house drainage system.
9. SANITARY FITTINGS
• Wash Basin: Used for handwashing
• Sinks: used for cleaning utensils
• Water Closet: it’s a pan like water flushed plumbing
fixture designed to remove human excreta directly and
dispose the same in soil pipe through trap.
• Urinals: A bowl attached to a wall into when men
urinate
12. TYPES OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS
Two pipe system
• Best system of plumbing
• Two sets of vertical pipes, one for
excreta or soil pipe and another for
sullage as waste pipe.
• The soil pipe as well as waste pipes
are separately ventilated by
providing separate vent pipe or anti-
siphonage pipe. This system has 4
vertical pipes.
13. TYPES OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS
One pipe system
• Instead of using two separate pipes
for excreta and sullage, only one
vertical main pipe is provided, which
collects both night soil and sullage
water.
• The main pipe is ventilated at the
top, in addition, a separate vent pipe
is also provided. This system has
two vertical pipes.
14. TYPES OF DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS
Single stack system:
• This system is having a single
pipe for soil, waste and vent
without any separate
ventilation pipe.
• It uses only one pipe which
carries night soil as well as
sullage and the same pipe is
extended upto 2 m above roof
level with a cowl to act as vent
pipe for removal of gases.
Partially ventilated Single stack
system:
• This is an improved form of single
stack system, where the traps of
water closets are ventilated, by a
separate vent pipe, called relief
vent pipe.This system uses two
pipes as in single pipe system.
• The single soil and waste pipe is
connected to vent pipe and thus
cost is reduced.
15. GREY WATER RECYCLING
Grey water flows to surge tank
where it is filtered through coarse
filter.
Then it is pumped to sand filter
Then to disinfected and then
pumped to grey water tank and
now this can again be used for
flushing purpose.
