2. It covers the basic requirements of water supply for residential, business and other types of buildings including traffic terminal stations. It deals with general requirements of
plumbing connected to public water supply and design of water supply systems along with general guidelines about expansion in piping systems and swimming pools.
● Water distribution: Unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying water to a tank or
plumbing fixture and flood level rim of the receptacle
● Fittings : The appurtenances such as coupling, flange, branch, bend, tees, elbows, unions, waste (with or without plug), P or S trap (with or without vent), stop ferrule,
bib tap, pillar tap, bath faucet, water meter, garden hydrant, valves and any other article used in connection with water supply, drainage and sanitation.
● Fixture Unit : A quantity in terms of which the load producing effects on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures is expressed on some arbitrarily
chosen scale.
● Hot Water Tank : A vessel for storing hot water under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure
● Gully: A drainage fitting with an open top
SCOPE
TERMINOLOGY
3. •The total quantity of water per day is estimated based on the proposed occupancy and activities catered.
POPULATION
Upto 20,000 Stand post 40 LPHD
House service connection 70-100 LPHD
20,000 to 1,00,000 with full flushing
system
100-135 LPHD
Above 1,00,000 with full flushing
system
150-200 LPHD
WATER SUPPLY
•Out of the 150 to 200 litre per head per day(LPHD), 45 litre per head per day may be taken for flushing requirements and the remaining quantity for other domestic
purposes
•Some typical uses other than domestic use and fire fighting purposes are air conditioning, swimming pools and water bodies, and gardening.
•Treated water from sewage treatment plant, with suitable tertiary treatment, should be used for flushing purpose (with dual piping system), gardening purpose, cooling
tower make up, and/or for other non potable usage.
CAPACITIES
4. SOURCES AND QUALITY OF WATER
● The origin of all sources of water is rainfall. Water can be collected as it falls as rain before it reaches the ground; or as
surface water when it flows over the ground or is pooled in lakes or ponds; or as Groundwater when it percolates
into the ground and flows or collects as ground water; or from the sea.
● Waste water is generated from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens and sinks that is disposed of via sewers.
● Treated sewage or other waste water of the community may be utilized for non-domestic purposes such as water for
flushing, landscape irrigation, cooling towers of HVAC(heating ventilation and air conditioning) system, in
fountains and recreational lakes where swimming is not allowed
● Waste water treatment generally involves the
following three stages:
a) Primary treatment — It consists of temporarily holding the
wastewater for settlement of heavy solids at the bottom while
oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface.
b) Secondary treatment — It removes dissolved and
suspended biological matter.
c) Tertiary treatment — It is more intensive treatment done in
order to allow rejection into a highly sensitive or fragile
ecosystem. The tertiary treatment is generally followed by
disinfection
5. DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
The purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate quality,
quantity and pressure.
TYPES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION
1. Gravity system 2. Pumping system
3. Combined gravity and pumping system
https://youtu.be/yBd8UF3vwDs
TOILET PIPE SYSTEM
WATER SUPPLY IN RESIDENTIAL
WATER SUPPLY IN
MULTISTORY BUILDING
7. DRAINAGE AND SANITATION
SOIL APPLIANCES:
Water Closets- Bidet- Sink- Bath tub-
Squatting Indian type Universal or Anglo-Indian
Siphonic Washdown Washdown type
Pedestal type
Spray type
Slop Sink
Bed Pan Sink
Drinking Fountain-
Urinals-
Bowl type Slab type Squatting type Syphon jet Water less
8. NOTE:
• No drinking fountains in bathroom.
• Where risk of exposure to skin contamination with poisonous, infectious or
irritating material, wash basin with eye wash jet and an emergency shower
located in an area accessible at all times with the passage/right of way
suitable for access to a wheelchair, shall be provided.
• At least one water tap arrangement for drainage in vicinity of each water
closet.
• Each unit should have one water closet, one sink, one kitchen place or
sink one bathing place or shower with sewer or private sewage disposal
system.
STAFF QUARTERS
• Water closet 1 per 4 and 8
• Wash basins 1 per 8 persons.
• Bath 1 per 4 persons.
SCHOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
• Nursery school: and 1 per 15 pupils.
• Non residential: 1 per 40 and 1 per 25 , 1 per 60 and 1 per 40
• Residential: and 1 per 8 and 1 per 6 , 1 per 6 pupils.
RESTAURANTS
• 1 per 50 seats ( ) 2 per 50 seats ( )
• Urinals 1 per 50 persons
• 1 per WC
HOSPITALS
• – patient: 1 per 5 beds both , staff: 1 per 15 , 1 per 12
(1 for 12 people)
• Cleaners sink, Bed pan sink and kitchen sink 1 per ward
• 2 for every 30 beds
DOCTORS OFFICE - 1 and per room
HOSTELS
• Resident: 1 per 8 and 1 per 6
• Non resident: 1 per 15 and 1 per 12
• Visitors: 1 per 100 and 2 per 100
PRELIMINARY DATA FOR DESIGN.
Information to be covered before the drainage system for a building is
designed.
1. Site plan
2. Drainage plan
3. Use
4. Nature of waste
5. Outlet connection
6. Cover
7. Subsoil condition
8. Location of other services
9. Reinstatement of surfaces
10. Diversion and control of traffic
11. Way-leaves
12. Damage to buildings and structures.
9. Drainage into a
Public Sewer :
position of the
public sewer,
material of
construction,
connection to
the public
sewer, approval
of the Highway
Authority.
Other Methods
of Disposal of
Sewage:
adequate
treatment,
subsoil
dispersion,
where no other
method of
disposal is
possible, foul
water may be
diverted to
cesspools,
septic tanks.
Setting of sanitary fixtures-
- A water closet, urinal, lavatory or bidet shall not be set closer than 380 mm from the centre to any side wall.
- Water closet compartment shall not be less than 760 mm in width and 1,520 mm in depth for floor mounted closets, and not less
than 760 mm in width and 1,420 mm in depth for wall hung water closets.
● Efficient and an economical plumbing system can be achieved by planning the toilets in compact grouping with the layout of
the bathrooms.
10. DRAINAGE:
Bio-toilet (or eco-toilet): It is useful in situations where no suitable
water supply or sewer system and sewage treatment plant is
available to capture the nutrients in human excreta
A drainage system shall satisfy the following requirements:
a) Rapid and efficient removal of liquid wastes without leakage
b)Prevention of access of foul gases to the building and provision for
their escape from the system.
c) Adequate and easy access for clearing obstructions
d)Prevention of undue external or internal corrosion, or erosion of
joints and protection of materials of construction;
e)Avoidance of air locks, siphonage, proneness to obstruction, deposit
and damage.
- Drainage pipes shall be kept clear
of all other services.
- Horizontal drainage piping should
be so routed as not to pass over any
equipment or fixture where leakage
from the line could possibly cause
damage or contamination.
- Drainage pipes shall be carried to a
height above the buildings as
specified for vent pipe.
11. Cleanouts
Cleanout means a section of pipe that extends from the underground
private side sewer to the ground surface which is used to access the
private side sewer for the purposes of cleaning and inspecting the
private side sewer.
Manholes A manhole or inspection chamber shall
be capable of sustaining the loads which
may be imposed on it, exclude subsoil
water and be water tight.
The main depth should not be less than
800mm to facilitate gully trap
12. Roof Drainage :
The rainwater pipes shall be fixed to the outside of the
external walls of the building.
The roofs of a building shall be so constructed or
framed as to o ensure that the rainwater is carried
away from the building without causing dampness in
any part of the walls or foundations of the building or
those of an adjacent building.
Storm water drainage
13. Materials and Fittings
Pipes:
Some of the common plumbing materials utilized in
piping for water supply pipes, waste lines, include:
1.PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride
2.Galvanized iron
3.Chromed copper
4.Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene[abs] s
5.Cross-linked polyethylene [PEX]
6. Salt glazed stoneware pipe.
7. Cement concrete pipe.
8. Corrugated pipe.
9. Low noise pipe.
10. Underslung pipe.
Pipe Fittings are Piping component that helps in Changes the
direction of the flow :
➢ Elbows: to change the angle or direction of the pipe run.
➢ Tee fittings: to combine or divide fluid flow.
➢ Cross fitting: to connect pipes and change or control the flow.
➢ Union fitting: to allow the pipe work to be separated and reconnected
without any horizontal movement in the pipe.
➢ Reducer fitting: to reduce the size of the suction pipe.
➢ Lock nuts: to lock the close pipe nipples or other pipe fittings.
➢ Nipples: to make a watertight seal when connecting piping to
threaded fittings, valves or equipment.
Pipe Fittings:
14. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Solid waste:Solid waste is generated from various human activities which is normally disposed as useless
and unwanted thing.
•Domestic waste •Industrial waste •Institutional and commercial waste
•Bio-medical waste •Horticulture waste
•Municipal waste
15. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:
a)Waste sorting at source, collection and
transportation;
b)Resource recovery through centralized
sorting and recycling;
c)Resource recovery through waste
processing, that is, recovery of energy;
d)Waste transformation without recovery
Sorting at Source
a)dry recyclable materials, for example,
glass, paper, plastics, metals, etc.
b)bio-waste and garden waste;
c) bulky waste;
d) hazardous material in household
waste
e)construction and demolition waste
f)mingled MSW (mixed waste).
16. TREATMENT
Garbage collected at one location may be treated for organic portion,
and inorganic portion shall be handed over to vendors carrying out
recycling. Organic waste generated in building/premises/community/
environment may be treated and reused as manure
Biological or thermal treatment of waste can result in recovery of
useful products such as compost or energy
Refuse Chute System and
Dumb-Waiter or Service Lift
17. INFERENCES
Considering 128 male juveniles and 22 female juveniles
Residence/Hostels- 16 water closets, wash basins and baths for male
4 water closets, wash basins and baths for female
1 cleaners sink per floor
Classrooms/School- 4 water closets, 2 washbasins, 2 urinals for male
2 water closets, 1 washbasin for female
1 cleaners sink
Kitchen/Dining- 2 male 2 female water closets, 4 washbasins
Staff washrooms: 1 male 1 female
1 cleaners sink
1 kitchen sink
