The document discusses the key components of a plumbing system. It describes the different types of pipes used - soil pipes to carry sewage, waste pipes for greywater, and vent pipes. It explains the purpose of traps to maintain a water seal and prevent foul odors from entering homes. Specific trap types are defined like P, Q, S, and floor traps. Gully traps connect drainage from bathrooms to the main system. The document outlines different plumbing systems like one-pipe, two-pipe, and single-stack or one-pipe partially ventilated systems. It clarifies the differences between these approaches.

1. PLUMBING SYSTEM

2. Plumbing System :
•It is the science of installing , repairing and serviving in pipes.
•It include the waste pipes , fixture traps , vent pipes , building sewers,
Drainage pipes and devices within and outside the house which distribute
water in the different part of house.
Soil pipe : A soil pipe is a pipe that conveys sewage or wastewater
reliably, either from the toilet or sink to a soil drain or sewer.
Waste Pipe : Waste Pipes are designed to transport the wastewater
(greywater) from your sinks, shower, bath, washing machine, or dishwasher
Grey Water : Greywater refers to domestic wastewater generated in
households or office buildings from streams without fecal contamination.
Black water : is the wastewater from bathrooms and toilets that contains
faecal matter and urine.
Siphonage means the loss of water seal from fixture traps resulting from
partial vacuum in the drainage system.
Plumbing Terms :

3. •Self siphonage is the process by which a liquid in a container is
drained due to the difference in height between the liquid level and
the outlet. The liquid is pulled out of the container by the force of
gravity, and the flow is driven by the difference in height.
•Induced siphonage, on the other hand, is the process by which a
liquid is drained due to a difference in pressure. The liquid is pulled
out of the container by the force of the pump, and the flow is driven by
the difference in pressure.
•In a plumbing system, self siphonage is typically used to drain
water from a sink or bathtub, while induced siphonage is used to
move water through a pipe to a different location.
•Anti siphonage :An extra pipe connected to the outlets of toilet seats
of all the floors, the other end of which is exposed to atmosphere is
called anti-siphonage pipe. These are provided to maintain water seal
so that foul gases of the sewer line do not find entry in to the toilet/
bathrooms

4. TRAPS
Trap is a depressed or bent fitting which is
provided in a drainage system to always
remain full of water to maintain a water seal.
Prevents the passage of foul air and gasses
through it
The depth of the water seal is the distance
between the crown and dip of the trap. Varies
between 25 – 75 mm
Greater the depth, greater the efficiency
Classified on shape as:
P trap
Q trap
S trap

5. The only difference between S trap and Q trap is that you install a Q
trap in the upper story toilets and the S traps are used for ground
floors.

6. FLOOR TRAPS
• Floor Traps: also called “Nahani traps” used for collecting water from
floors kitchens and bathrooms
• Provided with a cover / grating at top to prevent the entry of solid matter
• Cover can be removed for cleaning
• Can be made of plastic or cast iron
• Has a small water seal

7. GULLY TRAP
• Gully Traps: traps which disconnect sullage drainage from bathrooms,
kitchen etc from the main drainage system
• Can be made either of stone ware or cast iron
• Enclosed in a masonry chamber and provided with a cover

8. Gully Traps: form the starting point of horizontal flow
of sewage
Located close to the external wall
Gully trap leads the sewage to the house drain or
inspection chamber

10. One Pipe System
In this system of Plumbing, the Waste
connections from sinks, baths,
Washbasins, and the soil pipe which is
connected directly to the drainage system.
Gully traps and waste pipes are completely
dispensed with. But all the traps of WCs
Basins, etc, are completely ventilated to
preserve the water seal by a Separate vent
pipe.
In this Clearance Plugs is used (for
Maintanance Purpose)

11. Two Pipe System
In this plumbing system, two pipes are
installed. W.Cs and urinals are connected to
vertical soil pipe baths, kitchens, basins,
etc are connected to another separate
vertical waste pipe. Soil pipes and waste
pipes are provided with separate vent pipes.
This system thus requires four pipes and
hence proves very costly. The soil pipe is
connected to the drain directly but the waste
pipe should be connected through a trapped
gully.

12. One pipe Partially Ventilated
System:
This System Is Via Media Between The
First And Second One. There Is Only
One Soil Pipe Into Which All W.Cs, Baths,
Sinks, And Washbasins Discharge. In
Addition, There Is A Relief Vent Pipe That
Ventilates Only The Traps Of W.Cs And
Urinals.
It is also called single Stack
Partially Ventilated Syatem

13. Single stack system : This pipe
terminates as the vent pipe at its top
and no seperate vent pipes are provided.
Gully traps and waste pipes are filled
with water seals of depth not less than 75
mm. This sytem is very economical since
only one pipe is used.
Minimum Dia of Pipe: 100mm
Max - 4 to 5 floors
Depth of Seal = not less than 75
mm
Max 2400mm

14. Differences B/W one pipe partially and on pipe fully ventilated system
In Partially Ventilated pipe (Vent Pipe ) only connects to Black Water (WC &
Urinals)
Where as in fully ventilated on pipe system both pipe are coonected to Vent
pipe