CHAUDHARY SANJAY B. 156260306505
MORIYA SAAD S. 156260306513
PARMAR ANIL KUMAR R. 156260306515
GUID BY :- F.M.PATEL
&
P.K.C


TOPICSTOPICS
 Syllabus
 Principle Of House Drainage
 Defination
 Trapes
 Requirement Of Good Trapes
 Classification Of Trapes
 Pipes
 Sanitory Fittings
 System Of Plumbing
 Testing Of Drain And Pipes
 Maintanance Of House Drainage System
 Reference

House Drainage:House Drainage: principles of house drainage, pipesprinciples of house drainage, pipes
and traps, Classification of traps: nahni trap,and traps, Classification of traps: nahni trap,
interception trap, grease-trap, sanitary fittings, systeminterception trap, grease-trap, sanitary fittings, system
of plumbing, house drainage plan.of plumbing, house drainage plan.

Building Utility & ServicesBuilding Utility & Services

The W.C, Bathrooms, Sinks, Wash basins, etc. areThe W.C, Bathrooms, Sinks, Wash basins, etc. are
important components of a house.important components of a house. The occupants ofThe occupants of
the house make use of the above components and as athe house make use of the above components and as a
result of that there is a formation of waste water.result of that there is a formation of waste water. TheThe
Waste water from W.C, bathrooms, sinks and washWaste water from W.C, bathrooms, sinks and wash
basins is to be properly disposed in to the muncipalbasins is to be properly disposed in to the muncipal
sewerssewers. It is therefore necessary to construct a system. It is therefore necessary to construct a system
of conveyance of wastewater from W.C, bathrooms,of conveyance of wastewater from W.C, bathrooms,
kitchens and washbasins and disposal to thekitchens and washbasins and disposal to the
muncipal sewer. This system is known as housemuncipal sewer. This system is known as house
drainage systemdrainage system

 Before studying the principles forBefore studying the principles for
design and construction of housedesign and construction of house
drainage system it is necessary to firstdrainage system it is necessary to first
understand the basic terms used inunderstand the basic terms used in
subsequent description of topics in thissubsequent description of topics in this
chapter. Important terms are defined aschapter. Important terms are defined as
follows:follows:
 WastewaterWastewater: Water when used for: Water when used for
different purpose like domesticdifferent purpose like domestic
commercial, industrial etc., receivescommercial, industrial etc., receives
impurities and become wastewater.impurities and become wastewater.
Thus wastewater is used water and itThus wastewater is used water and it
hashas physical, chemical, andphysical, chemical, and
biologicalbiological Impurities in it, wastewaterImpurities in it, wastewater
is a general term.is a general term.
 Sewage:Sewage: The waste water coming fromThe waste water coming from
W.C. and containing human excreta isW.C. and containing human excreta is
known as sewage.known as sewage.

 Sullage:Sullage: The Wastewater coming from bathrooms andThe Wastewater coming from bathrooms and
kitchens which does not contain fecal matter is known askitchens which does not contain fecal matter is known as
sullage.sullage.
 Plumbing System:Plumbing System: It is entire system of pipe line forIt is entire system of pipe line for
providing water supply to the building or it is a system ofproviding water supply to the building or it is a system of
pipes for disposal of wastewater from the building.pipes for disposal of wastewater from the building.
 Sewer:Sewer: A pipe carrying sewage/ wastewater is called sewer.A pipe carrying sewage/ wastewater is called sewer.
 Soil PipeSoil Pipe: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.: It is pipe carrying sewage from W.C.
 Waste Pipe:Waste Pipe: It is a pipe carrying sulluge from bathrooms,It is a pipe carrying sulluge from bathrooms,
kitchens, sinks, wash basins, etc.kitchens, sinks, wash basins, etc.
 Sewerage System:Sewerage System: A system of sewers of different typesA system of sewers of different types
and sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town andand sizes in a town collecting wastewater from the town and
carrying it to the wastewater treatment plant.carrying it to the wastewater treatment plant.

 Manhole:Manhole: These are RCC/ Masonary chambersThese are RCC/ Masonary chambers
constructed at suitable intervals along sewer lines.constructed at suitable intervals along sewer lines.
 Traps:Traps: Traps are defined as fittings at the end of soilTraps are defined as fittings at the end of soil
pipes of waste pipes to prevent foul gases coming outpipes of waste pipes to prevent foul gases coming out
of the soil pipe/ waste pipe.of the soil pipe/ waste pipe.

Q TrapQ Trap S TrapS TrapP TrapP Trap

 House drainage :- The principles and procedure
to be followed while constructing and laying
sewer lines in private buildings are referred as ‘house
drainage ’.
 Aims :-
1.To maintain healthy condition in the building .
2.To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as
possible .
3.To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the
septic tank .
4.To facilitate quick removal of foul matter.
5.To collect and remove waste matters systematically .

 Principles of house drainage :-
1.It advisable to lay the sewers by the side of the building
rather than below the building .
2.All the drain should be laid straight between inspection
chambers, avoiding sharp bends and junction as far as
possible .
3.The house drain should be connected to the public
sewer only when the public sewer is deeper than the
house drain in order to avoid reverse flow from the
public sewer to the house drain .
4.House drainage should contain enough traps at
suitable points for its efficient functioning .

5. The joints of sewer should be properly tested before
putting the drainage line to use .
6. Lateral sewer should be laid at proper gradient so
that they can develop self cleansing velocity.
7. The size of drain should be sufficient , so that they
do not overflow at the time of maximum discharge .
8. The layout of house drainage should permit easy
cleaning and removal of obstructions .
9. The entire system should be properly ventilated from
the starting point to the final point of disposal .
10. All the materials and fittings of the drainage system
should be hard , strong and resistant to erosion
action . They should be non-absorbent type .

Definition :-
1.Sewage :- The term sewage is to indicate the liquid
wastes from the community . It includes discharge from
bathrooms , kitchen , washing places , wash basins ,
latrines , urinals , industrial wastes and storm water .
2.Sullage :- Sullage is used to indicate the waste
waters from bathrooms , kitchens , washing places ,
wash basins , etc.
3.Sewerage :- The entire science of collecting and
carrying sewage by water carriage system through
sewer , is known as sewerage .

4. Sewer :- An underground pipe or conduit which
carries sewage is called sewer .
5. Vent pipe :- The pipe installed for the purpose of
ventilation is known as vent pipe .
6. Plumbing system :-Plumbing system is the entire
system of piping's , fixtures , pipelines , etc . For
providing water supply or drainage to the building .
7. Sewerage system :- A system of sewers of
different types and sizes in a town collecting
wastewater from the town and carrying it to the waste
water treatment plant .

8. Rainwater pipe :- It is a pipe which carries only
the rainwater .
9. Trap :- The which is connected at the end of the
soil pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases
inside the building is known as trap .
10. Water seal :- The vertical distance between the
crown and the dip of the trap is known as water seal .
This portion always remains full of water . Generally ,
the water seal varies from 75 mm to 100 mm .

Traps :-
The device which is connected at the end of soil
pipe or waste pipe to stop the entry of foul gases inside the
building is known as trap . It is a bent pipe in the shape of ‘u’
which always remain full of water .
 Causes of failure of water seal :-
1.Faulty joints
2.Crack in the bottom of seal
3.Creation of partial vacuum in the sewer fittings
4.Increase in the pressure of sewer gases
5.Non-use for a prolonged period
Prevention:-
1.Connecting the portion between the soil pipe and trap by a vent
pipe .
2.Use of anti- siphonage pipe in the building

Requirement of a good trap :-
1.It should possess a adequate water seal at all times .
2.It should be not absorbent material .
3.The internal and external surface should have smooth
finish so that dirt , etc. Does not stick to it .
4.It should be free from any inside projection , angles ,
contractions, so that flow is not obstructed.
5.It should be self cleansing .
6.It should be simple in construction , cheap and readily
available .
7.It should be provided with suitable access for cleaning.

Classification of traps :-
A.Classification according to shape :
1.P – trap
2.Q – trap
3.S – trap

B. Classification based on use :
1. Floor trap or nahni trap :
A floor trap a commonly known as a nahni
trap is used to collect wash water from floor, kitchen
and bathrooms . It forms the starting point of waste
water flow. It is generally made of cast iron .

2. Gully trap :
these are special type of traps which
disconnect sullage drain from the main drainage
system . A well designed gully trap serve two or
three connections from the nahni trap .

3. Intercepting trap :
The intercepting trap is also known as
disconnecting trap or interceptor . It is provided at the
junction of the house drain with the public sewer or
septic tank . It is thus provided in the last man hole of
the house drainage system.

Pipes :-
1.Soil pipe : it is the pipe carrying sewage from
urinals , water closet , etc.
2.Waste pipe : it is pipe carrying from bathrooms ,
kitchen , sinks etc. It does not carry human excreta.
3.Vent pipe: the pipe installed for the purpose of
ventilation of the system is known as vent pipe .
4.Rain water : it is a pipe which carries only the rain
water .
5.Antisiphonage pipe : a pipe which is installed in the
house drainage to preserve the water seal of the traps is
known as antisiphonage pipe .
6.Ventilating pipe : the ventilating pipe enables the
foul gases of sewage to be safely discharge in to the
atmosphere .

Sanitary fittings :-
1.Wash basin
2.Sinks
3.Bath tub
4.Water closet
5. urinals
6.Flushing cistern

•System of plumbing :-
There are four principal system of plumbing for drainage
of building :
1.Single stack system
2.One pipe system
3.Partially ventilated single stack system
4.Two pipe system

1. Single stack system :-
this is the simplest system, in which the
waste matter from bathrooms , kitchen , sinks etc. As
well as foul matter from the WC and urinals are
discharged in one single pipe , called the soil pipe
and waste pipe . This pipe terminates as the vent
pipe at its top , and no separate vent pipe is provided
.
2. One pipe system :-
in this system a separate vent pipe is
provided and the traps of all water closet , basins,
etc, Are commonly ventilated .

3. Partially ventilated single stack system :-
this is a modified form of the single stack
system and one pipe system . In this system the
waste from WC , basins , sinks , etc , is discharged
in to one common soil and waste pipe .
4. Two pipe system :-
in this system separate soil pipe and waste
pipe is provided . The discharged from WC is
connected to soil pipe while the discharge from
bath , sinks , lavatory basins etc. Are connected to
waste pipe

Testing of drains and pipes :-
fter laying a house drains and fitting the
pipes , their water tightness should be ascertained by
applying various test . The drains are usually tested in
section between successive chamber and vertical pipe
are tested in groups having one common inspection
chamber .
the following test are usually conducted :
1.Air test
2. coloured water test
3. hydraulic test
4.Smell test
5. smoke test

Precaution in plumbing work :-
1.For all pipes , fitting , etc. Standard material should be
used . Sub –standard material may caused leakage in
pipe and fitting .
2.All the joints should be made water tight by wrapping
jute thread and white lead paint in the threads , while
screwing .
3.Over screwing of pipes , fittings , elbow , tee , sockets ,
cross etc . Should not be done to avoid cracks .
4.The pipes should be cut at right angle to the axis of the
pipe .

 Maintenance of house drainage
system :-
1. Entry of undesirable elements : Care should be
taken to see that undesirable substances like grit ,
sand , decayed fruits , vegetables , pieces of clothes
leaves , etc . Do not enter the system .
2. Flushing :- It is advisable to flush the system once
or twice a day in order to maintain it in working
condition .
3. Inspection :- Various unit of house drainage
system should be inspected at regular intervals and
the obstruction , if any , should be removed .
4. Quality of material :- Good quality material
should be used .

Reference
 By Web In Slide Share
 Text Book On R.P.Rethaliya