E

1. SurfaceWaterTreatment
Plant– FlowDiagram

3. 1IntakeCrib
Rawwaterfromasurfacewaterlakeorreservoirisdrawnintothe plantthrough
intakestructures.Largedebrislikelogsareprevented fromenteringandzebra
musselcontrolisperformedatthe intake.

4. 2&3Screens
Smallerdebrislikefish,vegetationandgarbageareremovedfromthe rawwaterby
protectivebarandtravelingscreensbeforethewater entersthelowliftpumps.

5. 4LowLiftPumpWell
Thesepumpslift thewatertoflowthroughthetreatmentprocessesby gravity.

6. 5Pre-oxidation&PrimaryDisinfection
Disinfectantsorotheroxidantsareaddedtodisinfectorcontroltastes andodours.
Thespecificprocessesusedaredeterminedbythe chemicalandbiologicalraw
water characteristics.

7. 6Coagulation
Coagulants,rapidlyaddelectrochemicalchargesthatattractthesmall particlesin
watertoclumptogetherasa“floc”.Thisinitialcharge neutralizationprocessallows
theformedfloctoagglomeratebut remainsuspended.

8. 7Flocculation
Byslowermixing,turbulencecausestheflocculatedwatertoform largerfloc
particlesthatbecomecohesiveandincreaseinmass.This visibleflociskeptin
suspensionuntillargeenoughtosettleunderthe influenceofgravity.

9. 8Sedimentation
Flocculatedwaterisappliedtolargevolumetankswheretheflow speedslows
downandthedenseflocsettles.Settledflocisremoved andtreatedasawaste
productthatisdischargedto thesewersystem.

10. 9MediaGravityFiltration
Relativelyflocfree,settledwaterflowsthroughamediafilterbygravity. Filtermediaare
madefromlayersofanthraciteorgranularactivatedcarbon andsand.Gravelorsynthetic
materialssupportthemedia.Physical strainingremovestheremainingfloc.Filtersare
periodicallybackwashedto cleanoffaccumulatedflocandothertrappedimpurities.

11. 10ClearWell
Filteredwaterintheclearwellisusedtobackwashfiltersandkeptin storageto
ensurethatdisinfectantsareincontactwiththewaterlong enoughtoinactivate
diseasecausingorganisms.

12. 11SecondaryDisinfection
Supplementalchlorineisaddedtomaintaindisinfectionconcentrations whilethe
waterispumpedthroughthedistributionsystem.The purposeistoensureminimum
residualdisinfectantlevelsatthe farthestpointsofthesystem.

13. 12Fluoridation
Aprocesswheresilicofluoridecompoundsareaddedtotreated drinkingwaterto
artificiallyraisethefluorideconcentrationtowithina specifiedrange;forexample
between0.5to0.8mg/L (ppm).
Fluoridationisanoptionalpublichealthdentalpolicy.

14. 13HighLiftPumpWell
Treatdrinkingwaterispumpedthroughlargepressurepumpstoother pumping
stations,reservoirsorpointsofsupplywithinthelocal distributionsystem.

15. 14a&14bElevatedWaterStorageTowers and
GroundLevelReservoirs
Waterdistributedtowatertowersandstoragereservoirsensures stablewater
pressure.Anadequatesupplyofwaterismaintainedto meetpeakwater
demandsoremergenciessuchasfires,watermain breaks,poweroutagesand
pump failures.

16. DistributionSystem
Distributionsystemsarecomprisedoflargepipesknownastrunk mainstodeliver
drinkingwater.Smallerdiameterbranchmainsfeed individualstreets.Service
connectionstobranchmainsdeliverwater intoresidences.Pumpingstationsare
usedtoincreasepressureandto maintainadequatesupplyflows.

17. Source
http://cof-cof.ca/surface-water-treatment-plant-flow-diagram/