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Health and Wellness
This presentation defines wellness and outlines its dimensions. It discusses the epidemiological transition from infectious to chronic diseases as the leading causes of death. Key points include: - Wellness involves optimal physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. - Dimensions of wellness include physical, emotional, spiritual, occupational, social, intellectual, and environmental. - Developing countries now face a rising burden of chronic diseases due to lifestyle changes. - Obesity is a major risk factor for diseases like diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. BMI is used to measure healthy weight ranges but has limitations.
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Health and Wellness
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- 2. Outline of presentationOutlineof presentation • Definition of wellness • Continuum of wellness • Physical dimension • Risks involved
- 3. Health and Wellness Health •Being sound in body, mind, and spirit. • Not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, but a state of complete physical, mental, and social well well-being. Wellness • Purposeful, enjoyable living. • A deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical, mental, and spiritual health.
- 4. Wellness continuumWellness continuum Lifeexpectancy at birth 52 M 55 FLife expectancy at birth 52 M 55 F
- 5. Dimensions of wellnessDimensionsof wellness • Physical dimension: Good physical fitness and confidence in one’s personal ability to take care of health problems. • Emotional: refers to both our emotional and mental states – that is, to our feelings and our thoughts. • Spiritual: Refers to individuals identify their own basic purpose in life; learn how to experience love, joy, peace, and fulfillment; and help themselves and others achieve their full potential. • Occupational: Deriving personal satisfaction from your vocation, that provides creativity and challenge. • Social: The ability to interact effectively with other people and the social environment, to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships, and to fulfill social roles. • Intellectual: Your ability to think and learn from life experience, your openness to ideas, and your capacity to question and evaluate information. • Environmental: The impact your world has on your well well-being.
- 6. Changes in healthChangesin health (epidemiologic transition)(epidemiologic transition) • Earlier, leading causes of death were primarily infectious diseases – A result of disease causing organisms (pathogens) - viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasitic worms. • Today leading causes of death are chronic diseases – Develops over many years and are heavily influenced by lifestyle • The developing countries are currently going through a rapid epidemiologic transition
- 7. Leading causes ofmortalityLeading causes of mortality Kenya • HIV/AIDS • Lower respiratory infections • Diarrhoeal diseases • Tuberculosis • Malaria • Cerebrovascular disease • Heart disease • Prenatal conditions • Road traffic accidents • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease USA • Heart Disease • Stroke • Cancer • Chronic Lung Disease • Accidents/ injuries • Pneumonia/Influenza • Diabetes • HIV • Chronic Liver Disease
- 8. 10 Major PublicHealth Issues • 1. Lack of Physical activity • 2. Overweight and obesity • 3. Tobacco use • 4. Substance abuse • 5. Irresponsible sexual behavior • 6. Mental health • 7. Injury and violence • 8. Environmental quality • 9. Immunization • 10.Access to health care
- 9. What Is BMI?WhatIs BMI? • Body mass index (BMI) = weight (kg)/height (m)2 • BMI is an effective screening tool; it is not a diagnostic tool • For children, BMI is age and gender specific, so BMI-for-age is the measure used
- 10. BMI: Normal, Overweight,BMI:Normal, Overweight, ObesityObesity Underweight < 18.5% Normal 18.5 – 25% Overweight 25 – 30% Obesity >30%
- 11. Other measureOther measure •Abdominal circumference: – measures the deposition fat in the abdomen – High correlation with fat deposition else where • Waist hip ratio: – Measure for cardiovascular/ cerebrovascular risk
- 14. Overweight and ObesityAre KnownOverweight and Obesity Are Known Risk Factors For Major DiseasesRisk Factors For Major Diseases Diabetes Hypertension Heart and vascular disease Stroke Hypertension (high blood pressure) Gallbladder disease Degeneration of joints causing morbidity problems Some cancers (uterine, breast, kidney, gallbladder)
- 15. Other risksOther risks •Increased surgical risk, and poor wound healing • Increased rates of depression, suicide • Increased cholesterol
Editor's Notes
- #10 Body Mass Index (BMI) is an anthropometric index of weight and height (stature) that is defined as body weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. BMI is the commonly accepted index for classifying adiposity in adults and it is recommended for use with children and adolescents. Like weight-for-height, BMI is a screening tool used to identify individuals who are underweight or overweight. BMI is not a diagnostic tool. For example, a child who is relatively heavy may have a high BMI for his or her age or high weight-for-stature. To determine whether the child has excess fat, further assessment needed might include triceps skinfold measurements. To determine a counseling strategy, assessments of diet, health, and physical activity are needed. BMI is gender specific and age specific for children. BMI-for-age is the measure used for ages 2 to 20 years since BMI changes substantially as children get older. Whereas for adults, BMI is neither age nor gender specific and nutritional status is defined by fixed cut points.