HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. It can be transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood or needles, or from mother to child. While not curable, HIV is manageable with antiretroviral treatment. People progress through acute, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS stages over many years without treatment. Opportunistic infections often cause death in late stage AIDS when CD4 counts drop very low. Testing and prevention strategies like abstinence, monogamy, condoms and sterile needles can help control the epidemic.
HIV infection
Mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis, scope of AIDS vaccine.
HIV infection
Mode of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis, scope of AIDS vaccine.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
At the end of the session, the students shall be able to
Describe the HIV AIDS introduction, epidemiology of HIV AIDS, diagnosis of HIV AIDS, treatment of HIV AIDS and prevention control of HIV AIDS.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects cells of the immune system and destroys or impairs their function.
Infection progressive deterioration of the immune system breaking down the body's ability to fight out infections & diseases by opportunistic bacteria, viruses and fungi.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection and a collection of signs and symptoms caused by more than 20 opportunistic infections or related cancers.
This powerpoint, deals with HIV pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, mode of transmission and diagnostic parameters.
Purely based on clinical pharmacist perspective.
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
At the end of the session, the students shall be able to
Describe the HIV AIDS introduction, epidemiology of HIV AIDS, diagnosis of HIV AIDS, treatment of HIV AIDS and prevention control of HIV AIDS.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infects cells of the immune system and destroys or impairs their function.
Infection progressive deterioration of the immune system breaking down the body's ability to fight out infections & diseases by opportunistic bacteria, viruses and fungi.
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection and a collection of signs and symptoms caused by more than 20 opportunistic infections or related cancers.
This powerpoint, deals with HIV pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, mode of transmission and diagnostic parameters.
Purely based on clinical pharmacist perspective.
The theme for the 2020 observance is “Ending the HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Resilience and Impact” (“Erradicar la epidemia del VIH/SIDA: Resiliencia e Impacto”). World AIDS Day was first observed in 1988.
H: Infects only Human beings
I: Immunodeficiency Virus weakness the Immune system and increases the risk of infections
V: Virus that attacks the body and finally kills the body’s immune system
THE BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS HIV AND HOW IT DESTRUCT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THEN LEADS TO AIDS. PRESENTATION ALSO EXPLAINS THE DIAGNOSIS OF HIV, ITS TREATMENT
WHY WE DONT HAVE VACCINE FOR HIV AND WHAT ARE THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT..
I HOPE IT WILL EXPLAIN WELL ABOUT HIV INFECTION AND AIDS, MAY PROVE USEFUL FOR YOU GUYS.....
Remember AIDS does not discriminate cast, creed, religion, education or social status.
Prevention of AIDS is our joint responsibility
Education and awareness is only weapon in our hand..
Physical dimension: Good physical fitness and confidence in one’s personal ability to take care of health problems.
Emotional: refers to both our emotional and mental states – that is, to our feelings and our thoughts.
Spiritual: Refers to individuals identify their own basic purpose in life; learn how to experience love, joy, peace, and fulfillment; and help themselves and others achieve their full potential.
Occupational: Deriving personal satisfaction from your vocation, that provides creativity and challenge.
Social: The ability to interact effectively with other people and the social environment, to develop satisfying interpersonal relationships, and to fulfill social roles.
Intellectual: Your ability to think and learn from life experience, your openness to ideas, and your capacity to question and evaluate information.
Environmental: The impact your world has on your well well-being.
2. WHAT IS HIV??
“Human Immunodeficiency Virus”
A unique type of virus (a retrovirus)
Invades the helper T cells (CD4 cells) in the body of
the host (defense mechanism of a person)
Threatening a global epidemic.
Preventable, managable but not curable.
3. WHAT IS AIDS ???
“Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection
due to markedly reduced helper T cells.
Patients have a very weak immune system (defense
mechanism)
Patients predisposed to multiple opportunistic
infections leading to death.
4. AIDS (definition)
Opportunistic infections and malignancies that
rarely occur in the absence of severe
immunodeficiency (eg, Pneumocystis pneumonia,
central nervous system lymphoma).
Persons with positive HIV serology who have ever
had a CD4 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mcL or
a CD4 lymphocyte percentage below 14% are
considered to have AIDS.
5. “THE VIRAL GENOME”
Icosahedral (20 sided), enveloped virus of the
lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses.
Retroviruses transcribe RNA to DNA.
Two viral strands of RNA
found in core surrounded by
protein outer coat.
Outer envelope contains a
lipid matrix within which
specific viral glycoproteins are
imbedded.
These knob-like structures
responsible for binding to
target cell.
13. Stage 1 - Primary
Short, flu-like illness
- occurs one to six
weeks after infection
Mild symptoms
Infected person can
infect other people
14. Stage 2 - Asymptomatic
Lasts for an average of ten years
This stage is free from symptoms
There may be swollen glands
The level of HIV in the blood drops to low
levels
HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood
15. Stage 3 - Symptomatic
The immune system deteriorates
Opportunistic infections and cancers start to
appear.
16. Stage 4 - HIV AIDS
The immune system
weakens too much as
CD4 cells decrease in
number.
20. TB & HIV CO-INFECTION
TB is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV and
the first cause of mortality in HIV infected patients (10-
30%)
10 million patients co-infected in the world.
Immunosuppression induced by HIV modifies the
clinical presentation of TB :
1. Subnormal clinical and roentgen presentation
2. High rate of MDR/XDR
3. High rate of treatment failure and relapse (5% vs < 1% in HIV)
23. Anonymous Testing
No name is used
Unique identifying number
Results issued only to test recipient
23659874515
Anonymous
24. Blood Detection Tests
HIV enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Screening test for HIV
Sensitivity > 99.9%
Western blot Confirmatory test
Speicificity > 99.9% (when combined with
ELIZA)
HIV rapid antibody test Screening test for HIV
Simple to perform
Absolute CD4 lymphocyte count Predictor of HIV progression
Risk of opportunistic infections and AIDS when
<200
HIV viral load tests Best test for diagnosis of acute HIV infection
Correlates with disease progression and
response to HAART
25. Urine Testing
Urine Western Blot
As sensitive as testing blood
Safe way to screen for HIV
Can cause false positives in certain
people at high risk for HIV
26. Oral Testing
Orasure
The only FDA approved HIV
antibody.
As accurate as blood testing
Draws blood-derived fluids
from the gum tissue.
NOT A SALIVA TEST!
30. HEALTH CARE FOLLOW UP OF HIV
INFECTED PATIENTS
For all HIV-infected individuals:
CD4 counts every 3–6 months
Viral load tests every 3–6 months and 1 month following a change in therapy
PPD
INH for those with positive PPD and normal chest radiograph
RPR or VDRL for syphilis
Toxoplasma IgG serology
CMV IgG serology
Pneumococcal vaccine
Influenza vaccine in season
Hepatitis B vaccine for those who are HBsAb-negative
Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination
Papanicolaou smears every 6 months for women
36. When Using A Condom Remember To:
Make sure the package is
not expired
Make sure to check the
package for damages
Do not open the package
with your teeth for risk of
tearing
Never use the condom
more than once
Use water-based rather
than oil-based condoms
Vulnerable and High-risk Groups:
-Expand knowledge, access, and coverage of vulnerable populations—particularly in large cities—to a package of high impact services, through combined efforts of the government and NGOs.
-Implement harm-reduction initiatives for IDUs and safe sex practices for CSWs.
-Make effective and affordable STD services available for high-risk groups and the general population.
General Awareness and Behavioral Change:
-Undertake behavioral change communications with the following behavioral objectives: (i) use of condoms with non-regular sexual partners; (ii) use of STI treatment services when symptoms are present and knowledge of the link between STIs and HIV; (iii) use of sterile syringes for all injections; (iv) reduction in the number of injections received; (v) voluntary blood donation (particularly among the age group 18 to 30); (vi) use of blood for transfusion only if it has been screened for HIV; and (vii) display of tolerant and caring behaviors towards people living with HIV/AIDS and members of vulnerable populations.
-Increase interventions among youth, police, soldiers, and migrant laborers.
Blood and Blood Product Safety:
-Ensure mandatory screening of blood and blood products in the public and private sectors for all major blood-borne infections.
-Conduct education campaigns to promote voluntary blood donation
-Develop Quality Assurance Systems for public and private blood banks to ensure that all blood is properly screened for HIV and Hepatitis B.
Surveillance and Research:
-Strengthen and expand the surveillance and monitoring system.
-Implement a second-generation HIV surveillance that tracks sero-prevalence and changes in HIV-related behaviors, including the spread of STIs and HIV, sexual attitudes and behaviors, and healthcare-seeking behaviors related to STIs.
Building Management Capacity
-Continue to build management capacity within provincial programs and local NGOs to ensure evidence-based program implementation.
-Identify gaps in existing programs and continue phased expansion of interventions.