This chapter discusses wellness and health goals. It defines wellness as optimal health across several dimensions: physical, emotional, intellectual, interpersonal, spiritual, environmental and financial. These dimensions are interrelated. The chapter contrasts health in the 1900s versus today, noting shifts from infectious to chronic diseases as leading causes of death. Maintaining wellness requires lifestyle management, including examining health habits, setting goals, and dealing with relapse. The process of behavior change involves stages from precontemplation to termination. Developing a personalized plan can help achieve and maintain good health.

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Chapter One

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 Wellness: Optimal health and vitality…
 The dimensions of wellness
 Physical
 Emotional
 Intellectual
 Interpersonal
 Spiritual
 Environmental
 Financial
 The seven dimensions of wellness are interrelated; each has an effect on
the others.
Wellness: New Health Goals

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Figure 1.1The wellness
continuum

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 1900s versus today
 Morbidity rate
 The relative incidence of disease among a population
 Mortality rate
 The number of deaths in population in a given period of time
 Infectious disease
 A disease that can spread from person to person
 Chronic disease
 A disease that develops and continues over a long time
New Opportunities forTaking
Charge

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Leading Causes of Death in the
United States, 2010 (Table 1.1)

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Figure 1.2 Quantity of life
versus quality of life

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Table 1.2 Key contributors to
death among Americans
Key contributors
Number of
deaths per year
Percent
per year
Tobacco 443,000 18.1
Obesity 111,909 4.5
Alcohol 25,440 1.0
Microbial agents 50,003 2.0
Toxic agents 55,000 2.3

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The Healthy People Initiative
 Healthy People 2020
 Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death
 Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and
improve the health of all groups
 Create social and physical environments that promote
good health for all
 Promote healthy development and healthy
behaviors across every stage of life

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Health Issues for Diverse
Populations
 Sex and gender
 Ethnicity
 Income and education
 Disability
 Geographic location
 Sexual orientation

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FactorsThat Influence Wellness
 Health habits
 Heredity/family history
 Environment
 Access to health care
 Taking personal responsibility for
your wellness

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Reaching Wellness through
Lifestyle Management
 Getting serious about your health
 Examine your current health habits
 Choose a target behavior
 Learn about your target behavior
 Find help

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Building Motivation to Change
 Examine the pros and cons of change
 Boost self-efficacy
 Locus of control
 Internal control versus external control
 Visualization and self-talk
 Role models and supportive people
 Identify and overcome barriers to change

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EnhancingYour Readiness to
Change
The transtheoretical, or “stages of change,” model
 Precontemplation
 Contemplation
 Preparation
 Action
 Maintenance
 Termination

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Dealing with Relapse
 Don’t give up
 Return to a previous stage of the behavior
change process if needed
 Reevaluate your goals and
strategy if necessary

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Developing Skills for Change:
Creating a Personalized Plan
1. Monitor your behavior and gather data
2. Analyze the data and identify patterns
3. Be “SMART” about setting goals
4. Devise a plan of action
 Get what you need
 Modify your environment
 Control related habits
 Reward yourself
 Involve the people around you
 Plan for challenges
1. Make a personal contract

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Being Healthy for Life
 Maintaining good health is an ongoing process
 Keep informed about the latest health news
 There are some things you can’t completely control
 Heredity
 Health care
 Environment
 Be active in promoting healthy lifestyles and
environmental choices in others

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Chapter One