Emerging trends in hiv&aids
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This document summarizes emerging trends in HIV/AIDS in Kenya and globally. It provides key statistics on HIV prevalence rates over time in Kenya, showing a decline from 13.4% in 1999 to 5.6% in 2012. It also breaks down prevalence by age, region, and residence. The majority (57%) of new HIV infections in Sub-Saharan Africa are among women. Marginalized groups like men who have sex with men and sex workers have very high prevalence rates over 25% but face legal and social barriers to accessing health services. The document reviews strategies and terminology around HIV prevention, treatment, and awareness of HIV status.
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This document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including causes and transmission, progression of the disease, testing and treatment, impact, and challenges. It outlines the magnitude of the epidemic globally and in sub-Saharan Africa. Key points covered include the four phases of HIV infection, methods of HIV testing, the use of antiretroviral therapy to treat HIV/AIDS, and the demographic, economic, health, and education impacts of the disease. A comprehensive prevention and treatment approach is recommended.
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Risk refers to behaviors that can lead to HIV infection, like unprotected sex or needle sharing, while vulnerability is influenced by external factors beyond an individual's control. The document discusses how risk and vulnerability to HIV/AIDS vary in southern Indian states depending on typologies of sex work, prevalence of other STIs, and complex social behaviors among at-risk groups. It emphasizes that an enabling legal and policy environment is needed to effectively address HIV/AIDS through supporting human rights, reducing stigma, and allowing prevention programs to operate without barriers.
San Diego Primary Care Providers' Attitudes to HIV and HIV Testing
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This document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS. It discusses the causes and transmission of HIV, the progression of HIV infection, testing and treatment, the impact of HIV/AIDS on public health, and challenges in managing the epidemic. The learning objectives are to understand the basics of HIV including transmission risks, strategies for prevention and treatment, and caring for people living with HIV.
Implementing hiv and sti programmes with keypopulation alexandr kossukhin
This document discusses implementing HIV and STI programs with key populations. It outlines the UNAIDS 90-90-90 strategy targets and summarizes WHO guidelines for HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations like sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and transgender people. The guidelines recommend interventions like condoms, pre-exposure prophylaxis, sterile syringes, and empowering key populations to claim their human rights. Community empowerment and removing stigma and discrimination are essential to effective programs.
The Aging HIV Population
1) About 33% of people living with HIV/AIDS in the US are over 50 years old, and by 2015 over 50% are projected to be over 50. Older African Americans and gay men are disproportionately affected.
2) In New York City, 75% of people with HIV/AIDS are over 40, and 38% are over 50. There are three groups of older adults with HIV - newly infected, newly diagnosed, and longtime survivors.
3) Older adults experience stigma around both HIV status and aging, which can lead to isolation, depression, and challenges accessing care. Health providers must address the long-term effects of HIV and aging.
Addressing the needs of young people living with HIV in schools of Uganda
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UNYPA addresses the needs of young people living with HIV in Ugandan schools. It provides peer support through social networks and support groups. It also provides comprehensive HIV information to combat misconceptions. UNYPA trains family, community, and friends on supporting young people with HIV. It advocates for youth-friendly health services. Key recommendations include reviewing education policies to prevent stigma, training school communities, and ensuring non-discriminatory health services and community information.Burden of HIV and Research Gaps Among Key Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa
Key populations including sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs experience disproportionately high HIV burdens in sub-Saharan Africa due to various biological, behavioral, and structural factors. HIV prevalence among female sex workers ranges from 10.9% in Eastern Europe to 36.9% in sub-Saharan Africa, where sex workers are 12 times more likely to be infected than other women. Men who have sex with men also experience high HIV prevalence, though data remains limited in sub-Saharan Africa. Combination prevention approaches including behavioral, biomedical, and structural interventions are needed to address the outsized impact of HIV on key populations.
The Kenyan Government progress towards zero AIDS
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Population in 2012- 41 million
No of people living with HIV 1.5 million
Kenya ranks no 4, among countries with highest burden of HIV globally
54 % of HIV infections are just in 9 counties
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HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by destroying CD4 cells and weakening the immune system. It can be transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood or needles, or from mother to child. While not curable, HIV is manageable with antiretroviral treatment. People progress through acute, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS stages over many years without treatment. Opportunistic infections often cause death in late stage AIDS when CD4 counts drop very low. Testing and prevention strategies like abstinence, monogamy, condoms and sterile needles can help control the epidemic.
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This document provides guidance for facilitating training sessions. It begins by outlining questions facilitators should ask themselves in preparation, such as describing the purpose and objectives. Six basic facilitation principles are described, such as directing instruction at multiple senses and limiting information. Additional sections cover qualities of effective facilitators, their responsibilities, and techniques to use or avoid. Specific facilitation skills are discussed, including the roles of co-facilitators. The document concludes by describing how to structure a session into three parts: an opening to set the climate, a middle section for delivery, and a closing for summary.
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Emerging trends in hiv&aids
- 1. EMERGING TRENDS IN HIV&AIDS
- 2. Global Picture •About 35 million people infected with HIV globally •25 million are in Sub Saharan Africa. •1.4 million Kenyans are living with HIV. •Women who account for 57% of new HIV infections in SSA.
- 3. Acronyms / Terminologies Trivia •HIV •AIDS •MARPs •PITC •ARV •ART •HAART •KAIS •KDHS •MSM •FANC • LGBT •SW •CD4Cell •Viral Load •HIV Super infection •HIV Co-infection •HIV discordance •Concurrent relationship •Sero-status •Sero conversion •Window Period •Incidence rate •Prevalence rate
- 4. Prevalence Milestones Year Prevalence 1999 13.4% 2003 6.7% 2005 6.1% 2006 5.9% 2007 7.2% 2009 6.3% 2012 5.6%
- 5. Comparison of 2007 and 2012 HIV Prevalence(15-64yrs)
- 6. HIV prevalence by age category, KAIS 2007 and 2012
- 7. HIV prevalence among persons aged 15-64 years by NASCOP region, KAIS 2012
- 8. HIV prevalence among persons aged 15-64 years by region, KAIS 2007 and 2012
- 9. HIV prevalence among persons aged 15-64 years by residence, KAIS 2007 and 2012
- 10. Source of New HIV Infections in Generalized Epidemic: 20% 25% 44% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Swaziland, Lesotho, Uganda, Malawi heterosexual unions contribute the majority of new infections Married or cohabiting couples MSM, IDUs, sex workers Casual heterosexual sex
- 11. High risk in young women: Kenya • 65% of new infections among women occur before age 35 years • The same pattern holds true of South and East African countries 14.7 16.4 40.1 10.6 7.3 13 5.2 32.1 34.1 20.5 6 00 5 10 20 15 25 30 40 35 15-24 25-34 35-44 Age group 45-54 50-59 60-64 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007 45 Males (N=37) Females (N=69)
- 12. Preliminary Report for Kenya AIDS indicator survey, 2012
- 13. HIV prevalence among men aged 15-64 years by male circumcision status, KAIS 2007
- 14. Marginalized populations require prioritized HIV interventions • HIV prevalence is high (Data from *SWOP-Kenya) » 40% among MSM » 28% among female sex workers » And a minority correctly use condoms • Social and policy environment keep these at risk populations marginalized and reluctant to seek health services – Sodomy in Kenya is illegal with a 14 year jail sentence – Experience social condemnation, physical and sexual abuse *Sex workers project (SWOP), University of Nairobi
- 15. 16 0 47 84 53 20 40 60 KAIS 2007 KAIS 2012 Aware of HIV infection Unaware of HIV infection Awareness of HIV positive status among persons living with HIV Preliminary Report for Kenya AIDS indicator survey, 2012 80 100
- 16. ART Coverage, adults, KAIS Use of ART by eligible persons, KAIS 2007 Use of ART by eligible persons, KAIS 2012 Aware of HIV status/ on ART 63% Aware of HIV status/ not on ART 9% Unaware of HIV status/ not on ART 28% Aware of HIV status/on ART 29% Aware of HIV status / Not on ART Unaware of HIV status/ not on ART 63% *Eligibility for ART defined as CD4≤350 cells/µL, having ever been on ART or currently being treated for tuberculosis.
- 17. Group Activity • HIV and other Communicable diseases • HIV and Gender • HIV and Information technology • HIV Support, care and treatment
- 18. 18 ABSTAIN from sexual intercourse AVOID unprotected sex ADVOCATE for positive behavior change BE FAITHFUL to one faithful & uninfected partner BREAK the silence-talk about AIDS BASIC hygiene should always be observed CORRECT AND CONSISTENT use of condoms COUNSELING for infected persons COUNSELING of uninfected persons and their families DISCUSS HIV and AIDS DE-STIGMATISE HIV and AIDS Prevention of HIV and AIDSPrevention of HIV and AIDS
- 19. VMMC – Voluntary Male Medical Circumcision eMTCT – Elimination of Mother-to-child transmission TasP – Antiretroviral Treatment as Prevention of HIV & TB PEP – Post Exposure Prophylaxis PreEP – Pre Exposure Prophylaxis New Prevention technology
- 20. Thank you Do you Know your HIV Status?
Editor's Notes
- Emphasize on ABC’s in prevention.