GIT- SALIVARY AND GASTRIC SECRETIONS . Hope this will give a rough idea.. ******if there are any corrections to be made and any points to be added , please let me know. TQ

1. SECRETIONS
OF
GASTRO INTESTINAL TRACT

2. SALIVARY SECRETION

3. SALIVARY GLANDS
Major salivary glands
1. Parotid,
2. Submandibular, and
3. Sublingual glands.
Minor salivary glands
1. Labial glands
2. Buccal gland
3. Glossopalatine gland
4. Palatine glands
5. Lingual glands
New type of SALIVARY GLANDS
Tubarial Glands

4. SALIVARY GLANDS

5. PAROTID GLAND
 Largest gland
 Located anterior and Inferior to the Ear
 Partially overlying the Masseter muscle
 Produces 25-30 % of saliva
 Conducted through the Parotid Duct to the Oral cavity.

6. SUB MANDIBULAR GLAND
 Inferior to the body of the Mandible
 Produce most of the saliva (60-70 %)
 Ducts open through a Papilla in the floor of the mouth
 lateral to the Lingual Frenulum

7. SUBLINGUAL GLAND
 Inferior to the tongue
 each gland has multiple tiny sublingual ducts
 Open on to the Inferior surface of the oral cavity
 contribute on 3-5% of total saliva

9. TYPES OF CELLS IN SALIVARY GLANDS
1.MUCUS CELLS/ ACCINI
2.SEROUS CELLS/ ACCINI

10. NERVE SUPPLY TO PAROTID SUBMANDIBULAR &
SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
SSN FACIAL NERVE NERVOUS INTERMEDIUS CTN
SUBMANDIBULAR AND SUBLINGUAL GLANDS SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION
ISN CN IX
TYM. BR OF CN IX
OTIC GANGLION
PAROTID GLAND

14. MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF SALIVA
1. Primary secretion
2. Modification of saliva

15. MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF SALIVA
PRIMARY SECETION
•FORMED BY TRANSUDATION (Pressure filtration)
•ISOTONIC TO PLASMA
•MODIFIED AS SOON AS THEY SECRETED

17. FLOW RATE OF SALIVA

18. CEPHALIC PHASE SECRETION OF SALIVA BEFORE
ENTRY OF FOOD
CONDITIONAL REFLEX
BUCCAL PHASE PRESENCE OF FOOD IN THE
MOUTH [(+) BUCCAL
RECEPTORS]
UNCONDITIONAL REFLEX&
PARTIALLY REGULATED BY
APETITE CENTRE
OESOPHAGEAL PHASE PASSING OF FOOD THROUGH
OESOPHAGUS
STIMULATION OF SALIVARY
GLANDS
GASTRIC PHASE PRESENCE OF FOOD IN
STOMACH
IRRITANT FOODS IN
STOMACH (VOMITING)
INTESTINAL PHASE FOOD IN INTESTINE IRRITANT FOOD IN UPPER
INTESTINE
PHASES OF SALIVARY SECRETION

19. PHASES OF SALIVARY SECRETION
Cephalic Phase
Food
(Before entering)
Condition reflex
(Sight, Smell etc.,)
Secretion of Saliva

20. GASTRIC PHASE
Food (Mouth)
(+) Buccal Receptors
Secretion of Saliva
 An Unconditioned reflex.
 Partially regulated by Appetite Centre.

21. Esophageal
Phase
Food passing
through
Esophagus
(+) Salivary
Glands
Gastric Phase &
Intestinal Phase
Presence of Food in
Stomach& Intestine
(Irritants)
salivation before
Vomitting
ESOPHAGEAL PHASE GASTRIC AND INTESTINAL
PHASES

22. APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
1. Xerostomia: consistant decrease in salivary secretion/
absence on salivary secretion
2. Sialorrhoea : salivary secretion is increased
3. Sialolithiasis : Stone is formed in the ducts

23. GASTRIC SECRETION

24. STOMACH- ANATOMY
HISTOLOGY OF STOMACH
1. Serosal layer – outermost
2. Muscular layer
3. Submucosal layer
4. Mucosal layer

26. GASTRIC GLANDS
NAME OF THE GLAND THE CARDIAC
GLANDS
THE OXYNTIC
GLANDS
PYLORIC
GLANDS
LOCATION Below LES Fundus Pyloric antral
region
GLAND CONTAINS Mucous secreting
cells
Oxyntic cells Mucous neck
cells
SECRETION Mucous &
Bicarbonate
HCL & IF mucous

27. THE OXYNTIC GLAND
CELL TYPES MUCOUS
NECK CELLS
OXYNTIC &
PEPTIC CELLS
CHIEF /
PEPTIC CELLS
ENDOCRINE
CELLS
LOCATION NECK REGION
OF THE GLAND
BODY PART OF
THE GLAND
BASE OF THE
GLAND
ANTRAL
REGION
SECRETION MUCOUS AND
BICARBONATE
HCL & IF PEPSIONOGEN HISTAMINE
FUNCTION PROTECTION
OF GASTRIC
EPITHELIUM
HCL : PROTEIN
BREAKDOWN
IF: VIT.B12
ABSORPTION
CONVERSION
TO ACTIVE
PEPSIN
+ CAUSES ACID
SECRETION

30. FACTORS INFLUENCING HCL SECRETION-
hormonal regulation

31. PHASES OF GASTRIC SECRETION