- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MA7nU5NWL2g&list=PLL7Q08IoVDSpg0VlGdvCHOHbXqMs0GFRe - Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiWabzTPFqY&list=PLL7Q08IoVDSrVcm6SmppQyefL_Ub2-xGY - Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html - Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com - Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html

1. Mohammed Abdel Gawad MD/PhD Neph, ESENeph
Nephrology Unit, School of Medicine, NewGiza University
Nephrology Consultant, Alexandria
Founder of NephroTube.com
Chair of AFRAN Web/Media Committee
ISN Education SoMe Team Member
Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of
Hemodialysis
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

2. Visit
www.NephroTube.com
to watch the video recording of this
lecture and
to get more Nephrology lectures

3. NephroTube YouTube channel
www.YouTube.com/NephroTube

4. Dialyzer
Blood
compartment
Dialysate
compartment
Semipermeable membrane
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

5. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

6. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

7. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

8. A B
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

9. A B
The rate of diffusion of a molecule through a semipermeable membrane is
inversely proportional to its size.
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

10. Blood Dialysate
Creatinine
Urea
Na+
K+
Ca2+
HCO3
-
Creatinine
Urea
Na+
K+
Ca2+
HCO3
-
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

11. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

12. Blood in
Dialysate in
Dialysate
effluent pump
Positive
pressure
Negative
pressure
Water movement
(Ultrafiltration)
Dialysate out
Blood out
Adjustable inflow
resistance by
clamp
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

13. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

14. Blood Dialysate
Positive
pressure
Negative
pressure
Blood Dialysate
Positive
pressure
Negative
pressure
Water movement
(Ultrafiltration)
Solutes move
with water
(Solvent Drag)
A B
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

15. Factors affecting convective transport:
1. Sieving coefficient of the membrane
(SC)
2. Solute size.
3. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) and
ultrafiltration (UF) volume.
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

16. Factors affecting convective transport:
1. Sieving coefficient of the membrane
(SC)
2. Solute size.
3. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) and
ultrafiltration (UF) volume.
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

17. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

18. Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection
in hemodialysis
• In hemodialysis, diffusion is the predominant method of solute clearance.
• In hemodialysis, there is a very small volume of ultrafiltration required to remove the
excess fluid volume gained between dialysis sessions. This means that the solute clearance
by convection is small.
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

19. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

20. Dialyzer
Blood in
Dialysate in
Dialysate out with
small volume of UF
Blood out
Hemodialysis
Dialyzer
Blood in
Large volume
of UF out
Blood out
Hemofiltration
Pre-dialyzer
replacement fluid
Post-dialyzer
replacement fluid
Dialyzer
Blood in
Dialysate in
Blood out
Hemodiafiltration
Dialysate out with
large volume of UF
Dialyzer
Blood in
Slow rate
of UF out
Blood out
Isolated ultrafiltration
Pre-dialyzer
replacement fluid
Post-dialyzer
replacement fluid
A B
C D
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

22. Talk Outline: Chapter 1
Physiological Principles of Hemodialysis
• Physiological principles (mechanisms) of solutes and water transport:
I. Diffusion
II. Ultrafiltration
III. Convection (solvent drag)
• Diffusion versus ultrafiltration and convection in hemodialysis
• Other different techniques of blood-based dialysis therapies rather
than hemodialysis
• Different modalities of blood-based kidney replacement therapy
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

23. - HD, HF, HDF, and isolated ultrafiltration can be performed in the form of IKRT, PIKRT, or CKRT.
- Online-HDF (ol-HDF) is a form of IKRT.
NephroTube Synopsis of Conventional Hemodialysis, First Edition, 2024
You can get this book free from www.NephroTube.com

24. Thank You