Personality - Determinants, types , MBTI and Big 5 Personality traits

1. Personality

2. What is Personality?
 Personality
◦ The sum total of ways in which an
individual reacts and interacts with others.
 Personality Traits
◦ Enduring characteristics that describe an
individual’s behavior.

3. Measuring Personality
 Useful in hiring decisions and help
managers forecast employee-fit
 Self-report surveys.
◦ Impression management
◦ Accuracy: Bad mood.
 Observer – ratings surveys: Co-
worker or independent observer:
◦ Subject’s knowledge / not
◦ Better credibility
Combination of both

4. Personality Determinants
 Whether it is a result of
heredity or environment .
 Heredity: Factors determined
at conception.
◦ Phy stature, facial features,
gender, temperament, muscle
composition and reflexes, energy
level, biological rhythms.
◦ Influenced by parentage (Only
Genes and Chromosomes..)
◦ 1000s of identical twins
separated at birth – genetics
account 50% of personality. 30%
occupational and leisure
interests.
Personality
Determinants
• Heredity
• Environment
• Situation

5.  Personality is changeable in
adolescence and more stable among
adults.
 Characteristics in a large no of
situations - personality traits.
 Consistency over time and frequency
of expression indicate the trait
importance.

6. Personality Types
 Proactive Personality
◦ Identifies opportunities, shows initiative,
takes action, and perseveres until
meaningful change occurs.
◦ Creates positive change in the
environment, regardless or even in spite
of constraints or obstacles.

7. Locus of Control
 Locus of Control
◦ The degree to which people believe they are
masters of their own fate.
 Internals
Individuals who believe that they
control what happens to them.
 Externals
Individuals who believe that what
happens to them is controlled by
outside forces such as luck or chance.

8. Self-Esteem and Self-
Monitoring
 Self-Esteem (SE)
◦ Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking themselves.
See themselves as effective and capable and in
control. Sales and insurance personnel
 Self-Monitoring
◦ A personality trait that measures an individuals ability
to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational
factors.
◦ Striking contradiction between public persona and pvt
self. Easily conform to others.

9. The DARK TRIAD
Machiavellianism
NarcissismPsychopath

10. Machiavellianism
 Machiavellianism (Mach)
◦ I do whatever I do to get ahead.
◦ Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,
maintains emotional distance, and believes
that ends can justify means.
◦ If it works use it
◦ Manipulate more and win more, persuaded
less.
◦ Engage in counter-productive activity
◦ Ethical leadership behavior less likely to
transalate to followers

11. Narcissism
 Tendency to be arrogant . Have a
grandiose sense of self –importance
 Require excessive admiration and have
a sense of entitlement.
 Greek myth of Narcissus.
 Higher levels of motivation and job
satisfaction
 Perceived as ineffective and unethical
leaders.
 It stresses them if they don’t get what
they want

12. Psychopath
 J.L. Koch – German Psychologist
 Lack of concern for others
 Lack of guilt or remorse while causing
harm
 Research suggests hard influence tactics
– threat, manipulations, bullying
 Right of person with disabilities bill, 2014
https://www.idrlabs.com/psychopathy/test.
php

13. The Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator:
 Most widely used
 100 questions – how they usually feel or
act in different situations.
◦ Extraverted: outgoing, sociable and
assertive.
VS
◦ Introverted: quiet and shy
◦ Sensing: practical, prefer routine and order.
Focus on details
VS
◦ Intuitive: unconscious processes and “Big
Picture”

14.  Thinking: use reason and logic to
handle problems.
VS
 Feeling: personal values and
emotions.
 Judging: want control and prefer
order and structure
VS
 Perceiving: flexible and spontaneous
INTJ – Visionaries,
ESTJ – Organizers
ENTP – Entrepreneurial Ideas

15. The Big Five Personality
Model
 Five basic dimensions
◦ Extraversion : comfort level with
relationships.
H-> Gregarious, assertive, and sociable.
L-> reserved, timid and quiet.
◦ Agreeableness: propensity to defer to
others
H-> co-operative, warm and trusting.
L-> cold, disagreeable and antagonistic.

16. ◦ Conscientiousness : measure of
reliability:
H-> organized, dependable and
persistent
L-> distracted, disorganized and
unreliable
◦ Emotional Stability: inverse neuroticism
H->calm, self-confident and secure
L-> nervous, anxious, depressed and
insecure.
◦ Openness to experience: range of
interests and fascination with novelty
H-> creative, curious and artistically