The cell cycle is the most fundamental and important process by which eukaryotic cells duplicate and divide. The cell cycle consists of two specific and distinct phases: interphase, consisting of G1 (Gap 1), S (synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2), and the mitotic phase; M (mitosis).
https://www.creative-bioarray.com/cell-cycle-assays.htm
4. The Cell Cycle:
The nuclear envelope begins to break down.
DNA further the condenses into chromosomes.
Mitosis Prophase
5. The Cell Cycle:
Chromosomes (composed of sister
chromatids) move towards the center
of the cell.
Mitosis Metaphase
6. The Cell Cycle:
The chromosomes rapidly move away from the
middle of the cell as the microtubules shorten,
pulling the sister chromatids apart and toward
opposite poles.
Mitosis Anaphase
7. The Cell Cycle:
The nuclear membrane begins to
reappear around each new set of
chromosomes, the chromosomes begin to
diffuse again, and the spindle apparatus
breaks down.
Mitosis Telophase
9. Cell Cycle Assay Workflow
Cell Harvest Cell Fixation Treat With RNase
Treat With PI/BrdUFlow Cytometry Analysis
Wash With
PBS
Wash With
PBS
10. Applications
•By combining genetic manipulations with cell cycle analysis, scientists
study roles of specific proteins in cell cycle progression.
•Using cell cycle analysis, scientists can compare progression kinetics.
•Can be used in in vivo cell cycle analysis, BrdU can be injected in rodents
and the target cell population can be isolated for cell cycle analysis.
11. Advantages
•Different type of cell samples we can handle: Fixed, permeabilized, and for live/dead
discrimination in intact cells, Live proliferating cells, Treated tissues.
•Fast turnaround time
•Suitable analysis protocol based on different cases
•Reliable results
Cell cycle is the most fundamental and important process by which eukaryotic cells duplicate and divide. This video will talk about the method to analysis the cell cycle.
What is cell cycle? Cell cycle refers to the set of events through which a cell grows, replicates its genome, and ultimately divides into two daughter cells through the process of mitosis. There are two phases in the cell cycle, interphase and mitosis. Mitosis, the M phase, is the division of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell. There are four stages in mitosis: (1) prophase, (2) metaphase, (3) anaphase, and (4) telophase. The cell spends the longest time in prophase.
Interphase has three stages, G1, S, and G2. The G stands for gap, with G1 the first gap, and G2 the second gap. During G1, the daughter cells almost double in size, make new endoplasmic reticulum, new components of the cytoskeleton, new mitochondria, etc. During S phase, DNA is synthesized. After S phase, a chromosome is composed of two identical molecules of DNA, called sister chromatids. During the G2 phase, the cell gets ready to go through mitosis, setting up all of the components that the cell will need to divide, in particular, the machinery to separate the two strands of DNA in each chromosome from each other.
Prophase is the first stage of mitosis. This is when the chromatin condenses into two rod-shaped structures called chromosomes in which the chromatin becomes visible.
In metaphase, the chromosomes become lined up in the center of the cell. Initially, chromosomes are scattered all over the cell. Microtubules attach to the kinetochores and then lengthen and shorten until all of the centromeres are aligned in the center of the cell.
Once the centromere separates and the sister chromatids are detached from each other, the cell then enters anaphase. In anaphase, the chromosomes rapidly move away from the middle of the cell as the microtubules shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart and toward opposite poles. Once the sister chromatids separate, we call each a chromosome.
The cell enters telophase, the last stage of mitosis. The nuclear membrane begins to reappear around each new set of chromosomes, the chromosomes begin to diffuse again, and the spindle apparatus breaks down.
Because the amount of DNA in a cell shows characteristic changes throughout the cycle, techniques known as cell cycle analysis can be used to separate a population of cells according to the different phases of cell cycle they are in, based on their varying DNA content.
The simple protocol for cellular analysis is outlined in the chart. Briefly, cells are fixed and permeabilized to allow the dye(s) to enter the cell and to prevent them being exported out. Staining with the DNA binding dye then occurs after cells have been treated with RNase to ensure only DNA is being measured. Several data sets are collected to ensure only single cells are measured.
Cell cycle assay is useful for scientific research. By combining genetic manipulations with cell cycle analysis, scientists study roles of specific proteins in cell cycle progression.
Using cell cycle analysis, scientists can compare progression kinetics.
Creative Bioarray can provides one stop solution for Cell Cycle Analysis. We can handle different type of cell samples: like Fixed, permeabilized, and for live/dead discrimination in intact cells, Live proliferating cells, Treated tissues (cell imaging, immunohistochemistry only), Fixed tissues, and extracts.
Call us today at 631-626-9181, or email us at info@creative-bioarray.com for a quotation or if any questions! Our customer service representatives are available 24hr a day!
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