This presentation explains mitosis in animals

1. CELL CYCLE AND DIVISON
MITOSIS IN HUMAN CELLS

2. What Are Cells?
• Cells are the structural and functional unit of life
• They house many organelles, each with a specific task.
• Cells vary in in size and shape depending on their specific functions.
Example: RBCs are disc shaped to easily flow in blood and don’t have
nucleus to increase the surface area to carry oxygen and can squeeze
through the tiniest capillaries
• The three basic features of a cell are:
I. Plasma Membrane
II. Nucleus
III. Cytoplasm

3. The Nucleus-Brain of the cell
• It’s the control centre of the cell
• It houses a nucleolus (centre of RNA synthesis), and
chromatin material and enclosed by a nuclear
membrane
• The chromatin material contains DNA, which says who
you are.

4. There are two types of Cell Division
• Mitosis: A complete set of DNA is replicated (all 23 pairs in case
of human cells). The genetic material of the daughter cells are
exactly same as that of the parent cell.
Example: replication of epithelial tissues
• Meiosis: Half of the complete set of DNA is replicated (exactly 23
in case of human cells). Only half of the genetic material is
replicated and therefore the daughter cell cannot replicate unless
another set of genetic material doesn’t fuse with the existing set.
Example: creation of an ova or a sperm cell

5. MITOSIS
THIS .PPT EXPLAINS THE PROCESS OF MITOSIS IN EUKARYOTIC ANIMAL
CELLS ONLY

6. Preview Of Cell Cycle
• INTERPHASE
I. G1- Gap1/Growth1
II. S- Synthesis Of Chromatin Material
III. G2- Gap2/Growth2
• M- PHASE
I. Mitosis- occurs in
a) Prophase
b) Metaphase
c) Anaphase
d) Telophase
II. Cytokenesis

7. The Cell Cycle

8. INTERPHASE

9. The G1 Stage
• More Cytoplasm and Organelles and synthesized
• The cell grows larger
• Functions normally
S stage
• Synthesis Stage
• The DNA is replicated

10. The G2 Stage
• The cell is ready for division
• Organelles required for division are ready
• Organelles and proteins are synthesized
• Interphase completes after this stage

11. MITOTIC (M) PHASE

12. • MITOSIS

13. Prophase
• Chromatin condenses into
Chromosomes which consists of
two chromatids connected by the
centromere
• Centrosome splits into two
centrioles which move to opposite
poles of the cell
• The centrioles fix themselves
firmly to their respective poles
through a kind of microtubule
called Asters
• The Nuclear Membrane and the
Nucleolus of the Nucleus Dissolve
.
• Spindle fibres or Kinetochore
(another type of microtubule)
produced by the centrioles attach
to the centromere of each
chromosomes.

14. Metaphase
• Centrioles pull chromosomes to the equator of the cell
• An imaginary line passes through the equator of the cell called
Metaphase Plate

15. Anaphase
• Occurs rapidly
• Sister chromatids are pulled apart -in a chromosome a single chromatid
contains one set of DNA (23 pairs in case of humans)

16. Telophase
• Chromatids reach to pole of the cell and decondense
• Nuclear membrane and Nucleolus reform
• Kinetochores and Asters dissolve
NEW ORGANELLES,
NUCLEUS ETC. COME
TO ONE SIDE
OLD ORGANELLES
AND GENETIC
MATERIAL COME TO
THE OTHER SIDE

17. • CYTOKENESIS

18. CYTOKENESIS
• Cytoplasm divides
• Cleavage furrow forms in the cell membrane
CLEAVAGE FURROW

19. Picture Gallery

20. THANK YOU
.PPTs EXPLAINING THE MEIOSIS AND CELL DIVISION IN PLANTS WILL BE
RELEASED SOON
-By Aryaman