Mitosis is a process of cell division that produces two daughter cells with identical chromosomes and DNA. It involves four main phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. During interphase, the cell grows and duplicates its DNA in preparation for division. Mitosis then begins with prophase where the chromosomes condense and spindle fibers form. In metaphase, chromosomes align at the center. In anaphase, chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides. Finally in telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms and cytokinesis completes the division of cytoplasm. Mitosis plays an important role in growth, cell replacement and regeneration.

1. Cell division
Mitosis…
SM BLOSE

2. Cell Cycle
A process that
takes place in the
nucleus to divide a
cell into two
daughter cells with
the same
chromosomes and
DNA. Mitosis
involves four main
phases: prophase,
metaphase,
anaphase, and
Telophase.

3. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus and
is a continuous process that allows for the
organized stribution of a cell’s copied
DNA to offspring.
The process of mitosis is divided into four
phases for easy understanding…
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and
Telophase and Cytokenis.

4. Phases of Mitosis

5. Interphase Part of
Interphase is
also known as
the G1 Phase
of the Cell
Cycle
(Growth
Phase)

6. Interphase
The longest stage
of a Cell’s life
The time spent
between divisions
Produces all
materials required
for growth
Preparation for
division

7. The Second
part of
Interphase is
known as the S
Phase of the
Cell Cycle
(Synthesis
Phase – when
DNA
duplicates)

8. The third part
of the Cell
Cycle, G2, is
just a
checkpoint to
make sure the
DNA is
correct.
Next step –
Mitosis

9. Mitosis:
Cell Division
The last part of
the Cell Cycle
is called
Mitosis and
has 4 phases
during which
the cell divides
into 2 cells

10. • Prophase has three stages.
1. Early Prophase: The DNA and proteins condense and become
visible. Centrioles begin to move apart, and the nuclear envelop
starts to disappear.
2. Middle Prophase: The process keeps continuing, and everything
keeps moving.
3. Late Prophase: Centrioles go to opposite poles of the nucleus.
Microtubules (spindle fibers) begin to form. Chromosomes are put
in homologous pairs, and the nuclear envelope is gone.
This shows Mitosis
Prophase

11. Late Prophase happens when the
Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and
spindle fibers begin to move
Chromosomes toward the center of cell.
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes

12. Metaphase
The second stage. During
this phase the spindle
fibers move the
chromosomes to the center
of the dividing cell or
metaphase plate. Once in
the center of the cell, each
chromosome is held by
those fibers.

13. Spindle Fibers

14. Anaphase
The centromeres
split and
chromosomes
move to the
different sides of
the cell.
Centrioles and
spindle fibers
help the
chromosomes
move.
The beginning of
Cytokinesis.

15. TELOPHASE
The Cell Plate
begins to form
The Cell
prepares for
finial division

16. Telophase and Cytokenisis
The nuclear envelope
begins to reappear.
The Chromosome lines
disappear.
Cell plate begins to form
due to Cytokinesis.
Cleavage Furrow

17. Cytokinesis – The final stage of Mitosis
The cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear
material are evenly split and two new
daughter cells are formed.
Cell Plate

18. The two new cells – each exactly like the
other – are called Daughter Cells

19. Significance of Mitosis
Definition: Mitosis is a replicative cell division
involving one nuclear division to form 2
genetically identical daughter cells.
Consequence of mitotic division:
 No variation in genetic information
 No variation in chromosome number due to
the semi-conservative replication of DNA
and equal distribution of DNA.
 The cell divide once.
 Two identical daughter cells are formed.

20. Why mitosis?
• Growth. The number of cells within an
organism increases by mitosis and this
is the basis of growth in multicellular
organisms.
• Cell Replacement. Cells are constantly
sloughed off, dying and being
replaced by new ones in the skin and
digestive tract. When damaged tissues
are repaired, the new cells must be
exact copies of the cells being replaced
so as to retain normal function of cells.

21. • Regeneration. Some animals
can regenerate parts of the
body, and production of new
cells are achieved by mitosis.
• Vegetative Reproduction. Some
plants produce offspring which
are genetically similar to
themselves. These offspring are
called clones

22. Red blood cells have short live
spans of about 4 months and
need to be replaced constantly
by mitosis.

23.  All pictures from google.
 Campbell and Reece. (2010). Biology
 Hannah Hastings & Autumn Crosby