There are different types fabric. When A fabric has special quality and used in special purpose then it is called Special fabric

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Southeast University
Department of Textile Engineering
Assignment on Special fabrics: Properties & Quality control
Course code: Tex-3015
Course Title: Textile Testing & Quality Control -2
Submitted To : Mr. Rajib Saha
Assistant professor
Submitted By:
Name: Mithun Dev Nath
Id:2018000400019
Sec:01
Batch:37th
Date of Submission : 05/06/2020

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INDEX
Serial no Points Page no.
01 Water proof fabric 3
02 Types of water
proof fabric
4
03 Properties & Quality
control(water proof
fabric)
5
04 Uses of water proof
fabric
6
05 Hygiene fabric 6-7
06 Anti-microbial fabric 8
07 Types of anti microbial
fabrics
8-11
08 Properties of anti
microbial fabric
11-12
09 Fire proof fabric 13-15
10 Bullet proof fabric 15-16
11 Raw materials 17
12 Gauze fabric 19-20

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Some special fabrics
Water proof fabric
Waterproof fabrics are fabrics that are inherently, or have been treated to become,
resistant to penetration by water and wetting. The term "waterproof" refers to
conformance to a governing specification and specific conditions of a laboratory test
method. They are usually natural or synthetic fabrics that are laminated to or coated with
a waterproofing material such as rubber, polyvinyl
chloride (PVC), polyurethane , silicone elastomer, fluoropolymers, and wax. Treatment
could be either of the fabric during manufacture or of completed products after
manufacture, for instance by a waterproofing spray. Examples include the rubberised
fabric used in Mackintosh jackets, sauna suits and inflatable boats.
Waterproof/breathable fabrics resist liquid water passing through, but allow water
vapourto pass through. Their ability to block out rain and snow while allowing vapour
from sweat to evaporate leads to their use in rainwear, waterproof outdoor sports
clothing, tents, and other applications.

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Types of water proof fabric:
Latex or Natural Rubber
Latex or natural rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer that comes
from a milky substance produced by a tree typically found in rain
forests, according to the Surgical Materials Testing Laboratory.
Rubber first came to England in 1770 and was initially used for
rubbing off pencil marks. Latex is a very stretchy, stress-resistant
material that has many uses. It is popular for use in certain types of
clothing, and many companies manufacturer latex clothing today.
Gore-Tex
W.L. Gore and Associates patented Gore-Tex, a fabric that is both
waterproof and breathable, in 1976. Since then, it has been used in
medical implants, wire insulation and fabrics, according to the Gore
company website. Gore-Tex is effective at keeping out moisture and is
popular for use in all-weather jackets and clothing for outdoor
enthusiasts. The clothing has pores to enhance its breathability, so the
wearer must clean it often to keep dirt and sweat from blocking the
pores.
Vinyl
Vinyl is a synthetic compound material, a type of plastic derived from
ethylene and chlorine. It is short for polyvinyl chloride resin. The
website whatisvinyl.com states that scientists discovered vinyl in 1920
as they were searching for a material that was easy to make, durable
and cheaper for use in everyday products. Vinyl is usually waterproof,
strong and durable and comes in a variety of colors. Because it is
plastic, you can recycle discarded vinyl. Also, about 57 percent of vinyl
is salt, which is a renewable substance.
Fluoropolymer Fabrics
Fabrics that are coated with fluoropolymers, which are fluorinated
plastics, are waterproof. The substance is resistant to heat and
chemicals, and provides insulation from electrical charges, according
to The Plastics Portal. It is also non-stick and typically transparent.
Factories often use fluoropolymers in protective garments to protect
workers from chemicals.

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Main properties of waterproof textiles
The main principle of how waterproof breathable textiles function (regardless
of the fabric construction) depends on the relative humidity levels: if it’s more
humid inside the jacket than outside, moisture will want to move outward to
establish equilibrium and the opposite – if it’s more humid in the ambient
environment than inside the outerwear, moisture will want to move inward.
Therefore, the exterior face fabric of the jacket is critical for the passage of
moisture meaning that the DWR applied must keep the face fabric drier than
the inner side to allow the escape of interior moisture.
Quality control:
This is the most relevant factor. Man-made fibers can vary in their absorbency, but
some are naturally hydrophobic, which means that they repel water on a molecular
level. Fabrics with olefin or vinyl content are good examples of this.
Many so-called waterproof materials may not naturally repel water, but have been
treated with special “waterproofing” solutions or agents that are applied or
sprayed onto the surface of the fabric after it has been woven. The solution (which
could be made from rubber, wax, polyvinyl chloride or some other mixture) forms a
coating that acts as a barrier between moisture and the fabric.
High-denier or high-density fabrics can be more water repellent than more loosely
woven fabrics. The more tightly a material is woven and the higher the thread
count, the more difficult it is for moisture to penetrate the fabric.
Waterproofness
The most popular way to measure the waterproofness of fabric is by applying
hydrostatic pressure measured in mm. Different manufacturers use different
numbers to label a fabric “waterproof” so sometimes it can be really difficult to
figure out if a material is truly waterproof or not. Now if the water column is at
least 5000mm, the fabric is usually considered truly waterproof, although the
minimum level can be as low as 1000mm according to some manufacturers.
Table 2: Fabric waterproof ratings

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Uses of water proof fabric:
• Agriculture – groundcovers for weed control, packaging for product
transport, and tree shelters.
• Outdoor gear – tents, umbrellas, hats, gloves, skiwear, drysuits,
sleeping bag covers, repair sheets, fasteners, and sealings.
• Medical – bed sheets, pillow protectors, stretchers, hygiene products,
orthopedic orthoses, modern wound dressings, wheelchair cushions,
surgical drapes.
• Construction – used in roofs because of their lower weight, resistance to
water, sound insulation capacity, UV resistance, and controlled
translucence.
Hygiene fabrics
Hygiene is a series of practices performed to
preserve health. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and
practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread
of diseases Personal hygiene refers to maintaining the

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body's cleanliness. , There are different types of fabrics
which keep the hygiene in personal life is called hygiene
fabrics .
Sanitary Napkin: A sanitary napkin, sanitary towel, sanitary
pad, menstrual pad, or pad is an absorbent item worn in
the underwear when menstruating, bleeding after giving birth,
recovering from gynecologic surgery, experiencing
a miscarriage or abortion, or in any other situation where it is
necessary to absorb a flow of blood from the vagina.
A menstrual pad is a type of feminine hygiene product that is
worn externally, unlike tampons and menstrual cups which are
worn inside the vagina. The pad has to be changed several
times in 24 hours depending on whether menstrual flow is heavy
or light.
Anti-microbial fabrics

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Antimicrobial fabrics can be made of a variety of textiles, including
but not limited to polyester, polyester-vinyl composites, vinyl, and
even acrylics. The effectiveness of an antimicrobial fabric lies in
its ability to fend off microorganisms, and its ability to help prolong
the life of a textile. Think about hospital blankets, bedding, and
even mattresses. These are constantly imbued with sweat, oils,
and other contaminants, and can easily become breeding
grounds for bacteria, mold and mildew. But, through the use of an
antimicrobial, coupled with the application of other features - like
flame, stain and odor resistance, and waterproofing - the fabric
can withstand regular wear and tear and last far longer than
expected. The primary function of antimicrobials is to help prevent
bacteria and other microorganisms from attaching to the fabric
surface. Keep in mind, microorganisms can live in a fabric and
grow. That’s why antimicrobials are so effective -- they prevent
the growth and spread of microorganisms within the fabric. This is
especially useful in the healthcare industry where exposure to
bacteria and other pathogens is possible on a daily, hourly, basis.
From beds to pillows, to hospital gowns, and even the scrubs a
nurse or doctor wears, fabrics in the healthcare industry must be
designed with protection in mind. That’s why the use of
antimicrobial fabrics is so common and so helpful in the places
like hospitals.
Types of Anti-Microbial fabrics:
Surgical mask: A surgical mask, also known as a face mask, is
intended to be worn by health professionals during healthcare
procedures.[1][2] It is designed to prevent infections in patients
and treating personnel by catching bacteria shed in liquid droplets
and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose.[3][4][5] They are

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not designed to protect the wearer from breathing in airborne
bacteria or viruses whose particles are smaller. With respect to
some infections like influenza they appear as effective as
respirators, such as N95 or FFP masks;[6] though the latter
provide better protection in laboratory experiments due to their
material, shape and tight seal
Personal protective equipment(PPE):
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is protective clothing,
helmets, goggles, or other garments or equipment designed to
protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The hazards
addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical,
heat, chemicals, biohazards, and airborne particulate matter.
Protective equipment may be worn for job-related occupational
safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other

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recreational activities. "Protective clothing" is applied to traditional
categories of clothing, and "protective gear" applies to items such
as pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others. PPE suits can be
similar in appearance to a cleanroom suit.
Surgical cap:
The another name of surgical wear is Scrub. Scrub caps is made
by special types os synthetic fabric for hygiene purpous. Scrub
caps have graduated from being functional to also being a
personalized accessory both in the operating room and outside.
Before the antiseptic focus of the 1940s, hats were not
considered essential to surgery. From the 1940s through the

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1950s, as a hygienic focus swept the industry, hats became
standard wear to help protect patients from contaminants in hair.
Full-face hats were even designed for men with beards. These
hats have been and continue to be distributed by group
purchasing organizations (GPOs) who supply hospitals with most
equipment.
Properties of Anti-microbial fabrics:
• Should be non-toxic and useful in hygiene way.
• Must be bio-degradable.
• This special types of fabric are coated with hygiene chemical

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For use in operation theater.
• This types of fabric are used for one time.
• This types of fabric are ensure the safety from differents
types of virus, bacteria, mold etc.
• Some special types of medicine are used in healthcare
fabrics for that if there was a virus are not survive anymore
for the result of chemical.
Uses of Anti-microbial fabrics:
Antibacterial textiles are used where moisture and microbes meet.
The materials see use in a variety of applications including
healthcare; hygiene; medical devices; sportswear; food
packaging; storage; thermal and mechanical protection;
automotive textiles; heating, ventilation and air conditioning; air
filters; and water purification systems. They are used to protect
healthcare personnel with functional clothing as well as fabrics all
around the home, including socks, mattresses, baby diapers and
coverings.
Quality control of Anti-microbial fabrics:
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or inhibits
their growth. Antimicrobial fibers then are textiles to which
antimicrobial agents have been applied, either at the surface or
within the fibers. Additives can be introduced to the fiber during
spinning or extrusion, combined with dyes or pigments or applied
as a finishing process. The chosen method is determined by a
variety of factors including final use of the fabric, the capability of
the manufacturer and budget. For your safety standard amount of
antimicrobial are applied on fabrics . For that the virus can not
spread any more.

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Fire proof fabrics
Fire retardant fabrics are used in a variety of applications like
industrial work wear, uniforms for fire fighters, air force pilots, tent
and parachute fabric, professional motor racing apparel etc to
protect the wearer against fires, and electrical arcs etc. They are
mostly used in interior materials like curtains, in hotels, hospitals
and theaters. Materials like Twaron are used in fabrics to
withstand high temperature in industry like fire fighting. Materials
like aluminum hydroxide are commonly used as fire retardant as it
gives three way protection. It breaks down to give off water vapor,
and further absorbs much heat, thereby cooling the material and
the residue of alumina and forms a protective layer.
Various fire-retardant materials used in clothing:
1.Twaron 10.Dale antiflame
2.Nomex (a DuPont trademark) 11.Indura fr cotton
3.Coated nylon 13.Technora
4.Carbon Foam 14.Lenzing FR( fire retardant )
5.M5 fiber 15. carbon x
6.Kevlar 16.kanox
7.Proban fr cotton 17. PBI
8.PYROMEX (a trademark of Toho Tenax)
9.Pyrovatex fr cotton

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Properties of fire proof fabrics:
• Flame retardant materials can be effectively applied to both
natural as well as synthetic fibres.
• Fibres are treated with a chemical which minimizes the
fabrics flammability and makes it almost non-combustible.
• When a fire occurs, the chemical coated on the fabric reacts
with the gases and tars generated by the fabric.
• Maintain temperature inside garments.
• Keep low temperature in body side of garments.

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How fire proof fabric works:
FR garments are made using fabrics and components that will
not melt onto the skin and are non-conductive to ensure they
do not contribute to an increase in the extent of a burn injury.
FR clothing provides thermal insulation to protect from heat and
resists breaking open, which would expose skin to hazards and
protect the body from high temperature.
Quality control of fire proof fabrics:
Fire proof fabric are used to prevent the burning.Some
chemical are used for make the fabric fire proof such as
antimony oxides and phosphate are used in standard amount
in fire proof fabrics. Aramids, Coated nylon, Carbon foam,
Polyhydroquinone, Melamine, and Leather are the materials
used to make fireproof clothes. If these element used in a
standard way then the garments is called fire proof garments.
Outside the fire proof fabric carbon coated is applied for resist
fire. Carbon help to resist the fire.
Bullet proof fabric
The another name of bullet proof jacket is vest.A ballistic vest
or bullet-resistant vest, often called a bulletproof vest, is an
item of personal armor that helps absorb the impact and reduce
or stop penetration to the body from firearm-fired projectiles
and shrapnel from explosions, and is worn on the torso. Soft
vests are made of many layers of woven or laminated fibres

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and can protect the wearer from small-calibre handgun and
shotgun projectiles, and small . Metal or ceramic plates can be
used with a soft vest, providing additional protection against
rifle rounds, and metallic components or tightly woven fiber
layers can give soft armour resistance to stab and slash attacks
from knives and similar close-quarter weapons. Soft vests are
commonly worn by police forces, private citizens who are at
risk of being shot (e.g., national leaders), security guards, and
bodyguards, whereas hard-plate reinforced vests are mainly
worn by combat soldiers, police tactical units, and hostage
rescue teams. Kevlar has long been the most widely used
material in bulletproof vests. To make Kevlar, the polymer
solution is first produced. The resulting liquid is then extruded
from a spinneret, cooled with water, stretched on rollers, and

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wound into cloth. A recent competitor to Kevlar is Spectra
Shield.
Raw materials:
1. Kevler , Spectra, Zylon.
2. Nomex , Carbon
3. Mostly used material for bullet proof vest is kevler.
4. Used of Spectra are increased in now a days.
How bullet is resisted in bullet proof fabric:
When a bullet strikes body armor, it is caught in a web of very
strong fiber. These fibers absorb the disperse the impact energy
that is transmitted to the bullet proof vest from the bullet, causing
the bullet to deform.
Properties of bullet proof fabric(vest):
1. Durability and Exceptional Strength.
2. Comfortable and Flexible.
3. High Dimensional Stability.
4. UV degraded fabric are used.
5. High energy absorbency.

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6. Better breathability.
7. Light weight.
8. Stronger.
Quality control of bullet proof fabric:
Bulletproof vests undergo many of the same tests a regular
piece of clothing does. The fiber manufacturer tests the fiber and
yarn tensile strength, and the fabric weavers test the tensile
strength of the resultant cloth. Nonwoven Spectra is also tested
for tensile strength by the manufacturer. Vest manufacturers test
the panel material for strength, and production quality control
requires that trained observers inspect the vests after the panels
are sewn and the vests completed. Bulletproof vests, unlike
regular clothing, must undergo stringent protection testing as
required by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Not all
bulletproof vests are alike. Some protect against lead bullets at
low velocity, and some protect against full metal jacketed bullets
at high velocity. Vests are classified numerically from lowest to
highest protection and special case . Each classification specifies
which type of bullet at what velocity will not penetrate the vest.
While it seems logical to choose the highest-rated vests , such
vests are heavy, and the needs of a person wearing one might
deem a lighter vest more appropriate. The size label on a vest is
very important. Not only does it include size, model, style,
manufacturer's logo, and care instructions as regular clothing
does, it must also include the protection rating, lot number, date of
issue, an indication of which side should face out, a serial
number, a note indicating it meets NIJ approval standards, and—
for type I through type III-A vests—a large warning that the vest
will not protect the wearer from sharp instruments or rifle fire.
Bulletproof vests are tested both wet and dry. This is done

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because the fibers used to make a vest perform differently when
dry or wet. So it is very important.
Gauze fabric
Medical gauze, a bleached white cloth or fabric used in bandages,
dressings, and surgical sponges, is the most widely used wound
care dressing. Commonly known as “4×4s,” gauze is made from
fibers of cotton, rayon, polyester, or a combination of these fibers.
Properties of Gauze fabric :
1. It is thin and light weight.
2. It is fine and airy.
3. It is crispy and has poor drape.

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4. It is open textured.
Uses of Gauze fabric:
Gauze was originally made of silk and was used for clothing. It is
now used for many different things, including gauze sponges for
medical purposes. When used as a medical dressing, gauze is
generally made of cotton. It is especially useful for dressing
wounds where other fabrics might stick to the burn or laceration.
Many modern medical gauzes are covered with a plastic porous
film such as Telfa or a polyblend which prevents direct contact
and further minimizes wound adhesion. Also, it can be
impregnated with a thick, creamy mixture of zinc oxide and
calamine to promote healing, as in Unna's boot. Gauze is also
used during procedures involving accidental tooth loss; either the
gauze is used to provide pressure as the tooth is moved back into
its corresponding socket, or the tooth is wrapped in gauze and
placed in milk or saline to keep it alive while the tooth is being
transported or prepared for reinsertion.

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Refference:
1. Google.com
2. Slideshare.net
3. Textileblogs
4. Wikipedia
5. Textile journal
Thank You