principles of pharmacodynamics, effect of medications, drug action

1. PHARMACODYNAMICS
Pirməmmədova Ləman 717a4

2. Pharmacodynamıcs
The study of biochemical cellular and
physiological effects of medications and their
mechanisms of action. More simply, it is what
medications do and how they do it.

3. ۰ S T İ M U L A T I O N
Selective enhancement of the effectiveness of specialized cells. Effect of acetylcholine on salivary glands.
۰ D E P R E S S I O N
Selective reduction of the effectiveness of specialized cells. Effect of salbutamol on uterine muscles.
۰ I R R I T A T I O N
Non-selective, often noxious effect on less specialized cells. Capsaicin in herpetic neuralgia.
۰ R E P L A C E M E N T
Use of natural metabolites, hormones and their congeners in deficiency states. Iron supplementation in iron
deficiency anemia. Insulin in diabetes.
۰ C Y T O T O X I C
Selective effect on bacteria - penicillin, cephalosporins. Selective effect on cancer cells - methotrexate,
cisplatin.
FEATURES OF EFFECT

4. PRINCIPLES OF
MEDICATION
EFFECTS
DOSE
RESPONSE
Max effect – All receptors
occupied
100%
50%
A F F I N I T Y
D O S E
Not enough
receptors
bind
More
receptor-
medication
complexes
Effective
dose (ED50)

5. DOSE
RESPONSE
Max effect
100%
DOSE
RESPONSE
Max effect
100%
60%
>
More potent
>
More efficacious
They require different dose to reach the same
Max effect
Same ED50, different Max effect.

6. INRERACT WITH RECEPTOR
They are macromolecular compounds that are sensitive to
certain chemical compounds. As a result of their interaction
with chemical compounds, various biochemical and
physiological changes occur in the body. Types:
۰ G-protein coupled receptors
۰ Ion channels
۰ Enzyme-coupled receptors
۰ Intracellular receptors

7. RECEPTORS
A G O N İ S T
Mimics the action of ligands and
activates the receptor.
DOSE
RESPONCE
All available receptors are bound to
an agonists.
- full agonist
- partial aqonist
100%
70%
A N T A G O N İ S T
Binds to receptors without activating
them, instead decreases receptor’s
ability to be activated by other
agonists.

8. DOSE
RESPONSE
Max effekt
- full agonist
- with reversible antagonist
100%
50% ED50
DOSE
RESPONCE
Max effekt
- full agonist
- with irreversible antagonist
100%
50% ED50
70%

9. INTERACT WITH ENZYMES
A number of drugs alter the effects of drugs by
slowing down or increasing the activity of enzymes.
The increase in activity may occur by enzyme
induction.

10. I N H I B I T I O N
Inhinition of acetyl-
cholinerase
۰ Physostigmine
۰ Neostigmine
۰ Proserine
۰ ACF inhibitor
ENZYMES
S T İ M U L A T I O N
Increase decarboxylase
activity
۰ Thiamine
۰ Phyridoxine
Increases hepatic glycogen
phosphorylase
۰ Adrenaline

11. INTERACT WITH CELL
MEMRANE
A number of medications show their effects by disrupting
the transport of ions in the body. These medications can
be used to modify ion channels conductance.

12. D R U G I O N C H A N N E L U S E
QUINIDINE Miocardial Na+ cannels Arrhythmiya
AMIODARONE Miocardial K+ cannels Arrhythmiya
SULFONYLUREAS Pancreatic K+ channels Insulin
PHENYTOIN Neuronal Na+ channels Epilepsy
C A R R I E R T R A N S P O R T B L O C K E R
Norepinephrine transporter Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) Desipramine, Cocaine
GAT1 GABA Tiagabine
Na+ - K+ - 2Cl- cotransporter Na+, K+, Cl- Furosemide
Serotonin transporter Serotonin Fluoxetine
CELL MEMBRANE

13. P H Y S I C A L
۰ Isaphgula - laxatives
۰ Dimethicone – ulcer dressing
۰ Paraaminobenzoic acid –
sunscreen
۰ Activated charcoal – drug
overdose
DIRECT ACTION
C H E M I C A L
۰ Antasid – hiper
tuşululuq
۰ Potassium
permanqanat –
antibakterial
۰ Xolestiramin -
hiperxolesterolemiya

14. THANK YOU