Palmoplantar keratodermas are inherited or acquired skin conditions characterized by chronic hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, requiring comprehensive dermatological examination. They are classified into diffuse, focal, and punctate types, with various hereditary syndromes associated with specific genetic mutations. Treatment options include topical and systemic therapies, but successful management can be challenging and often leads to only short-term relief.

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5. Palmoplantar keratodermas
Also known as ‘keratosis palmaris et
plantaris’

6. Palmoplantar keratodermas
Its inherited or acquired heterogeneous
group of skin conditions with chronic
thick hyperkeratotic palms/soles

7. PPK
It is important to determine whether
other features are present

8. PPK
must perform complete dermatological
examination including skin (atrophy,
knuckle pads, blisters, pseudoainhum) nails,
hair, and mucosa.
also impaired hearing cardiomyopathy
(in patients with woolly hair), starfish
keratoses

9. PPK
TRANSGREDIENS = hyperkeratosis
that crosses palm/sole edge
contiguously or as callosities on
pressure points on the fingers or
knuckles, or elsewhere
NON-TRANSGRADIENT =
hyperkeratosis involves only the palms
and soles

11. Classification of PPK

12. HEREDITARY
ACQUIRED

13. Hereditary keratoderma
the condition runs in families, its AD or
AR usually most severe (i.e. mal de
Meleda, Papillon–Lefèvre)

14. Acquired keratoderma
more common & occurs as a result
of a change in the health or the
environment of the affected person or
associated with skin disorders

15. Classification
PPK is classified clinically as
DIFFUSE
FOCAL
PUNCTUATE

16. Palmoplantar keratodermas
1. Diffuse type: uniform involvement
of the palmoplantar surface

17. Palmoplantar keratodermas
2.Focal type: localized areas of
hyperkeratosis located mainly on
pressure points and sites of recurrent
friction

18. Palmoplantar keratodermas
3.Punctate type: multiple small,
hyperkeratotic papules, spicules, or
nodules on the palms and soles may
involve the entire palmoplantar
surface or may be restricted to certain
locations

19. Palmoplantar keratodermas
The genetic basis of many keratodermas
particularly involves mutations in genes
encoding
Keratins
Connexins
desmosomal components

20. HEREDITARY PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMA

21. Diffuse inherited
keratoderma of
Unna Thost

22. Diffuse
non-epidermolytic
palmoplantar
keratoderma. Note
the sharp
demarcation at the
wrist and side of the
thumb

23. Diffuse
epidermolytic
palmoplantar
keratoderma

24. Diffuse
hyperkeratosis with
involvement of the lateral
aspect of the foot; note the
erythema at the border with
uninvolved skin

25. Bart–Pumphrey
syndrome.
Leukonychia and
knuckle pads in a
patient with
sensorineural deafness

26. Hidrotic ectodermal
dysplasia (Clouston
syndrome). Note the
“pebbled” skin on the
dorsal aspect of the
toes as well as the
dystrophic nail plates

27. Papillion–Lefèvre
syndrome. Plantar
keratoderma

28. Naxos Disease

29. Diffuse PPK
1. Unna-Thost PPK
2. Vörner PPK
3. Mal de Meleda
4. Nagashima-type PPK
5. Vohwinkel syndrome
6. Bart-Pumphrey syndrome
7. Loricrin keratoderma
8. Clouston syndrome (Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia)
9. Olmsted syndrome
10. Huriez syndrome
11. Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome
12. Naxos disease

30. Focal
PPK Striate
type on the palm

31. Focal
PPK Areata
type on the sole

32. Pachyonychia congenita. A Thickening of
palmar skin & hypertrophic nail dystrophy with
wedgeshaped subungual hyperkeratosis.
B Painful focal plantar keratoderma
w/associated erythema& blistering

33. Pachyonychia
Congenita

34. Howel–Evans
syndrome. Focal
palmoplantar
keratoderma
inassociation with
carcinoma of the
esophagus.

35. Focal type
1. Focal PPK areata type or striate type
(Brunauer-Fohs-Siemens syndrome)
2. Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis
(characterized clinically by focal PPK with
leukoplakic appearance on the labial surface
of the attached gingival lesion, and
histologically by focal epidermolytic PPK)
3. Focal keratoderma with oral leukokeratosis
4. Pachyonychia congenita
5. Focal PPK associated w/esophageal carcinoma

36. Punctate PPK Keratotic papules, some coalescing
to form plaques, on the palm (A) and sole (B).

37. Punctate
keratoderma

38. Punctate
keratoderma This
lady's daughter had
exactly the same
lesions.

39. Spiny
Keratoderma

40. Punctate type
Buschke-Fischer syndrome

42. ACQUIRED PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMAS

43. Acquired
keratoderma due to
psoriasis

44. Acquired
keratoderma due to
psoriasis

45. Acquired
keratoderma due to
psoriasis

46. Acquired keratoderma due to chronic eczema

48. Acquired PPK
NOT inherited as a primary genetic
condition. They may occur as part of a
generalised skin condition (some of
which may be inherited) or as a result of
another illness

49. Acquired PPK
more likely to present in adulthood

50. CAUSES OF ACQUIRED KERATODERMA
I. INFLAMMATORY SKIN CONDITIONS
II. INFECTIONS
III. CIRCULATORY PROBLEMS
IV. 2ry TO INHERITED CONDITIONS THAT
MAY NOT USUALLY RESULT IN PPK
V. DRUGS AND TOXINS
VI. INTERNAL DISORDERS
VII. MISCELLANEOUS

52. Complications of PKK

53. Complications of PPK
1. Severe pain
2. Difficulty in walking
3. Secondary infection

55. Histopathology of PPK

56. Histologic features of
nonepidermolytic
PPK. Note the massive
hyperkeratosis,
acanthosis &
hypergranulosis

59. Treatments of PPK

60. Treatment
Treatment of all types of hereditary
and nonhereditary keratodermas can be
difficult.
Most treatment options only
result in short-term improvement
and are compounded frequently by side
effects

61. I. GENERAL MEASURES
II. TOPICAL
III.SYSTEMIC
IV.SURGICAL

62. General Measures
Evaluation of family members in
hereditary case and genetic
counseling
In acquired cases, identify and
address possible underlying causes
Regular foot care, careful selection of
footwear, and treatment of fungal
infections are important

63. Topical
1. Keratolytics e.g. 5 – 10% salicylic acid,
10% lactic acid, or 10% urea in a neutral base
OR 6% salicylic acid in 70% propylene glycol
2.Emollients
3.Benzoic acid compounds
4.Topical retinoids tretinoin
5.Calcipotriol
6.Topical steroids in conditions where
there is an inflammatory component

64. Systemic
Retinoids effective, especially in some
hereditary PPKs such as Mal de Meleda,
Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, and
erythrokeratodermia variabilis but require
long-term treatment

65. Surgery
1. Dermabrasion
2. CO2 laser
3. Surgical excision: For severe,
difficult to treat keratoderma. Total
excision of hyperkeratotic skin followed
by grafts has been successful in a
number of cases

67. REFERENCES
Dermatology Illustrated Study Guide &
Comprehensive Board Review 2012
Google images
emedicine.medscape.com
dermnetnz.org
globalskinatlas.com

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