Chi-Square Types of Chi-Square performing through SPSS

1. CHI-SQUARE
PRESENTED BY DR. HINA JALAL
DataAnalysis
2
EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS

2. INTRODUCTION
 The chi-square test for independence, also called Pearson's chi-square test or the chi-square test of
association, is used to discover if there is a relationship between two categorical variables.
Assumptions
1. Your two variables should be measured at an ordinal or nominal level (i.e., categorical data).
2. Your two variable should consist of two or more categorical, independent groups. Example
independent variables that meet this criterion include gender (2 groups: Males and Females), ethnicity
(e.g., 3 groups: Caucasian, African American and Hispanic)

3. INTRODUCTION

4. USES OF CHI-SQUARE (Χ2) DISTRIBUTION
 The chi-square distribution has many uses which include:
i) Confidence interval estimation for a population standard deviation of a normal distribution from a sample standard
deviation.
ii) Independence of two criteria of classification of qualitative variables (contingency tables).
iii) Relationship between categorical variables.
iv) Sample variance study when the underlying distribution is normal.
v) Tests of deviations of differences between expected and observed frequencies (oneway table).
vi) The chi-square test (a goodness of fit test).

5. TYPES OF CHI-SQUARE
 There are two different types of chi-square tests, both involve categorical data. These are:
 a) A chi-square goodness of fit test, and
 b) A chi-square test of independence.

6. TYPES 1
 The chi-square (χ2) goodness of fit test (commonly referred to as
one-sample chi-square) is the most commonly used goodness of
fit test. It explores the proportion of cases that fall into the various
categories of a single variable, and compares these with
hypothesized values.
Chi-Square (χ2) Goodness-of-Fit Test

7. TYPES 11
 A chi-square (χ2) test of independence is the second important
form of chi-square tests. It is used to explore the relationship
between two categorical variables. Each of these variables can
have two of more categories.
Chi-Square Independence Test

8. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
Step1. Step2.

9. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
Step 3. Step 4.

10. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
Step 5.
Step 6.

11. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
The Crosstabulation Table (Gender*Preferred Learning Medium Crosstabulation)
Output

12. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
 The Chi-Square Tests Table
Output

13. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
The Symmetric Measures Table
Phi and Cramer's V are both tests of the strength of association. We can see that the strength of
association between the variables is very weak.
Output

14. SPSS STATISTICS PROCEDURE TO PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE
Bar chart
Output

15. Dr. Hina Jalal
@AksEAina (hinansari23@gmail.com)