The document provides a comprehensive overview of Controller Area Network (CAN), including its introduction, evolution, characteristics, applications, and associated advantages and disadvantages. Developed by Bosch, CAN is an effective communication protocol for in-vehicle networking that interconnects various electronic control units in modern automobiles. It covers technical specifications such as data formats, speeds, error control mechanisms, and its significance in automotive technology.

1. EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK
(CAN)
Prepared & Presented by:
HARIHARAN K
UCC18ECED08, M. Tech Scholar
Dept. of Electronics Design Technology,
NIELIT – Calicut.
web.hariharan@gmail.com
09EC7563 - SEMINAR
M.TECH PROGRAM
Semester - 3
NIELIT, CALICUT
16.07.2019
Tuesday

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction to CAN
 Evolution
 Characteristics
Wired Configuration
Categories & Speeds
CAN Data Format
CAN Controllers
Pros & Cons
Application Areas
References
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4. So as the user-features….
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Automobile Technology evolves…
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EXISTED METHOD - PROBLEMS
Snags in Existed Design before CAN:
- Conventional, Not Application Specific
- Needs more number of TX, RX
connectors
- Poor Error control and ACK Mechanisms
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CAN - INTRODUCTION
- Increasing Automobile Features = Increases System Complexity &
reduced throughput rate.
- Need: A new specific protocol to connect & communicate all the
automotive embedded systems.
- Controller Area Network (CAN Bus) developed by Bosch and it’s a kind
of effective wiring topology.
- Allows Microcontrollers and other devices talk to each other without a
Host Computer
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IN-VEHICLE NETWORKING (IVN)
“A Specialized Internal Communication Network that
interconnects components inside a Vehicle”
CAN is one of the IVN Standard
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8. EVOLUTION OF CAN
1983
1986
1987
1991
Development of
CAN Bus Started
by Bosch
Officially released
in SAE* Conference
At Michigan
First CAN-based multiplex
wiring system Car
Mercedes Benz W140
First CAN
Controller by
Intel and Philips
*SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers, *OBD - On-Board Diagnostics
1993
ISO released CAN
Standard ISO 11898
with versions 1, 2 and 3
2012
CAN Flexible
Data Rate/
CAN-FD 1.0 by Bosch
1996
OBD* uses
CAN as one of
it’s Five Protocols
CAN 2.0 with
Part-A
and Part-B
1991
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- Asynchronous Half-Duplex Serial Communication Protocol
- Broadcast type of Bus and Twisted pair wires with better EMC
- Differential Signalling with 120Ω Termination Impedance
- Message based Protocol with Message Identifiers
- Uses the Physical and Data Link Layer in the OSI Model
- One of the Five Protocols used in On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)
CAN - CHARACTERSTICS
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CAN - CONFIGURATION
120Ω
Termination
Resistance
120Ω
Termination
Resistance
CAN
DEVICE
‘A’
CAN
DEVICE
‘B’
CAN
DEVICE
‘C’
CAN LOW
CAN HIGH
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11. A ‘CAN’ SYSTEM
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CAN BUS - TYPES
CAN FD or
CAN Flexible Data Rate
with high data payload
Arbitration Logic is decided on the basis of Message Identifier Value!
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CAN 2.0A with
11 bit Message Identifier
/Standard CAN
CAN 2.0B with
29 bit Message Identifier
/Extended CAN

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CAN - SPEEDS
TYPE DATA RATE DISTANCE
CAN 2.0A - Low Speed CAN 125 Kbps ~ 500m
CAN 2.0A - High Speed CAN 1 Mbps ~ 40m
CAN-FD 15 Mbps ~ 10m
Ideal CAN Rates:
CAN Bus Data Rate is inversely proportional to the Distance between the devices
REASON: At Higher Data Rates, Signals are more prone to errors
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CAN - SIGNALLING
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15. CAN DATA FORMAT
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16. CAN DATA FORMAT - Contd.,
NAME OF THE ELEMENT BIT VALUE FUNCTIONALITY
TYPE
(Dominant/Recessive)
Start of Frame 1 Bit
Begins the frame and initiates
arbitration
Dominant ‘0’
Arbitration Field 11 or 29 Bits
Identifies messages and indicates
message priority
Ex: Failure of AC and Engine
Varies from
Message to Message
Request Transfer Request
(RTR)
1 Bit
To distinguish a Remote Frame from a
Data Frame
Dominant ‘0’ for Data
Frame & Recessive ‘1’
for Remote Frame
ID Extension Bit and
Reserved bit
1 Bit each Reserved for future use -
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17. CAN DATA FORMAT - Contd.,
NAME OF THE ELEMENT BIT VALUE FUNCTIONALITY
TYPE
(Dominant/Recessive)
Control Field
0 to 8 Bytes for
CAN 2.0A
Specifies the length of the data to be
transmitted
Varies from
Message to Message
Data Field or Payload
Upto 64 Bytes
for CAN FD
Data to be Transmitted
Varies from
Message to Message
Cyclic Redundancy Check
(CRC) Field
15 Bits Error Detection and Correction -
Acknowledge (ACK)
Bit Field
1 Bit
ACK = 1, Next set of data
ACK = Retransmission of Data
-
End of Frame (EOF) 7 Bits
Makes the end of data and remote
frames
All Recessive ‘1’s
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18. CAN CONTROLLERS
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19. ADVANTAGES OF CAN BUS
- Data Rate: 1 Mbps in CAN and up to 2+ Mbps in CAN-FD and
- Topology: Reduced Wiring, Distributed & Less Complex Interfacing
- Scope: Wide scope in All Industries and cost-effective too!
- Data Field width: CAN supports 8 bytes and CAN-FD supports 64 bytes
- Error Control: Bit Error, Ack Error, CRC Error control mechanisms etc.,
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20. DISADVANTAGES OF CAN BUS
- Expenditure: High for Software Dev. and maintenance.
- Likely to have undesirable interactions between nodes
- Signal TX Distance Limitation too!
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21. • Passenger vehicles, trucks, buses (gasoline & electric vehicles)
• Aviation & Navigation Electronic Equipment
• Industrial automation and machinery
• Building automation
• Medical instruments and equipment
APPLICATION AREAS
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22. APPLICATION AREAS - Automobile
50+ electronic control units (ECU) are present in Modern day automobiles
Ex: Transmission, Airbags, ABS, Cruise Control, Electric power steering, Audio
systems, Power windows, Doors, Mirror adjustment etc.,
Imagine the role of CAN in Parking Assistants, Auto Start/Stop etc.,
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*RKE - Remote Keyless Entry System, *TPMS - Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems

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OTHER CAN STANDARDS
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REFERENCES
1. Bosch Automotive Electrics and Automotive Electronics: Systems and Components,
Networking and Hybrid Drive
https://b-ok.cc/book/2172624/376722
2. Automobile Design and Implementation of CAN bus Protocol- A Review
https://www.ijrdo.org/index.php/eee/article/view/1528
3. Design and implementation of CAN bus protocol for monitoring vehicle parameters
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7807831
4. The Decoding Technical Research of CAN Bus Data Frame Based on Physical Wave
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8729083
All Logos and Images used in this presentation belongs to their respective owners.
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Simple to Use is Complex to Design
Intuitive Universal Fact for Engineers, stating that
any product/service which is easy to use would be more difficult to design!
For your valuable time and patience!
- Hariharan K 
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