This document summarizes different types of nematodes (roundworms), including intestinal and tissue nematodes. Intestinal nematodes discussed include Enterobius, Trichuris, Ascaris, Necator, Ancylostoma, Strongyloides, and Trichinella. Their life cycles and symptoms, methods of diagnosis, and treatments are described. Tissue nematodes mentioned are Wuchereria and Onchocerca.

2. * Nematodes
 Are Round Worms With Cylindrical Body And
Complete Digestive Tract
 There Are 2 Categories Of Nematodes :
1. Intestinal Nematodes
2. Tissue nematodes

3. Intestinal
Nematodes
Enterobius ,Trichuris ,Ascaris ,Necator and Acylostoma ,Strogyloides and
Trichinella
Tissue Nematodes
Wuchereria , Onchocerca , Loaloa

4. 1/Enterobius
E. Vermicularis cause pinworm ifection
LIFE CYCLE:
Confined Human
Ingestion of eggs hatch in small intestine larva adult
Migrate to colon and mating occur
Adult female migrate to perianal skin to release eggs

5. C/F;
Perianal pruritus
Lab . Diagnosis ;
Scotch tape technique and observed micro scopically
Eggs not found in the stools
Treatment;
Mebendazole or Pyrantel pamoate
It kill adult worm not eggs

6. 2/Trichuris;
Cause whipworm infectionTrichuris trichiura
Life cycle;
Ingestion of eggs larvae adult mate at colon
Eggs pass in the feces deposite in warm moist soil form
Embryo when ingested life cycle complete

7. C/F ;
Asymptomatic
Diarrhea
Rectal prolapse
Lab. Diagnosis ;
Based on finding of eggs in the stool ,have lemon shape
Treatment;
Mebendazole

8. 3/Ascaris;
Ascaris lumbricoides cause Ascariasis
Life cycle;
Ingestion of eggs larva migrate through gut wall
blood stream lung
Alveoli bronchi trachea swallowed.
and in small intestine become adult live In lumen depend on ingested food
eggs pass with fece

9. C/F;
•Inflammtion in lung
•Malnutrition
•Asarcis pnemonia ; fever, cough eosinophlia
•Abd.pain , intestinal obstruction
Lab diagnosis;
Microscopically detect eggs in stool
Treatment;
Mebendazole orPyrantel pamoate

10. Trichinella;
Trichinella spiralis cause trichnosis
LIFE CYCLE;
Eating raw or undercooked meat containing larva encysted in muscle
Larva excyst in small intestine , distribute through blood stream
Develop in striated muscle

11. C/F;
•Diarrhea
•fever
•Muscle pain
•Periorbital edema
•eosinophilia
•Sub cojunctival Hage
•Sings of cardiac and CNS disease
•DEATH

12. Lab .diagnosis;
Muscle biobsy
Serological test
Treatment;
No treatment for disease .but for symptoms
Steroid plus mebendazole
thiabendazole