Aim: The aim of this experiment is to determine the conversion of our reactants by using conductivity meter in the reactor which the reaction takes place which is a CSTR reactor. Introduction: In our experiment a reaction takes place between two reactants in a CSTR reactor, first reactant is the strong base (NaOH) and second reactant is the weak Acid which is (CH3CO2CH2CH3) to produce (CH3COONa) and (CH3CH2OH) and water. But since one of reactant is weak (CH3CO2CH2CH3) this means our reactants won't fully react and convert into our product which means we don't have a 100% conversion like we have between two strong reactants. So, in order to find conversion, we have to divide the concentration of the reactants reacted by the concentration of the reactant in our reactor as the term of conversion suggests. In order to find concentration, we use conductivity meter which measures the amount of free ions in our reactor. This way can find conductivity to find concentration which gives us the key to find conversion. 4 Tools: o CSTR reactor: Our CSTR reactor is continuous and we add the reactants together continuously. Before the reactants run out, we read the (λ) ،And we read the (T) . Our reactor has a capacity of one liter ، and has a thermometer ، and has a vent valve. 5 o Conductivity meter: Is a tool to measure the amount of free ions in a liquid or solution which uses a small amount of electricity to use how much ions will carry the charge. 6 o service unit: Our service unit for this experience holds the both of the tanks of both reactants, and the pumps which is needed for each tank to the inlet of the reactor. 7 o Control unit: For this experiment the control unit provides power and electricity to our reactor But not the conductivity meter because it works on its own. o Tank: The tank provide store service to our reactant before being added to our reactor, which is located in unit service. 8 o Pumps: The pumps are our helpful tool which add our reactants to the reactor, which is located in unit service but is controlled in and turned on and off in control unit. 9 Procedure: 1.Temperature sensor Ts.4/on T=18: reaction Dane isothermally. 2. stirrer A A1 on 3. Flow rate: on both reactants should inter in The reactor at The same Flow rate Conversion is not Function of Flow rate in This experiment 4. vent valve: It is opened when the reactants. reach The level needs to be closed. 5. The level adjust into another tank over Flow draining it. 6. when continuously adjusting level occurred Conductivity is read when It becomes constant in The conductivity meter. 10 Calculation: 11 Discussion: Sntia louay Discussion: What is a continuous stirred tank reactor? (CSTR) is a type of chemical reactor that is widely used in industrial processes to produce chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other products. Is concentration constant in a CSTR? The essential idea involved in the operation of a CSTR is that, after the passage of sufficient time, the concentrations of the

1. 1
Koya university
Faculty of engineering
Chemical engineering department
Reactor design laboratory (Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor)
Prepared by: Supervised by:
Hunar Hamdi Muhammad Ali Mrs. Dunya Ibrahim
Amirjan Shawkat Abdulhamid Mr. Blnd zrar
Sntia Louay Sba Mr. Hassan Ahmed
Huda Jihangeer Ramadhan
Hanna Kamal Abdulla
Ara Fakher Qadr
Dima Jawhar Mustafa
Experiment date Submitting date
22/Nov/2023 29/Nov/2023

2. 2
Contents
Aim:..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction: ...............................................................................................................................................3
Tools:............................................................................................................................................................4
Procedure: ...................................................................................................................................................9
Calculation: ...............................................................................................................................................10
Discussion: .................................................................................................................................................11
Reference:..................................................................................................................................................16

3. 3
Aim:
The aim of this experiment is to determine the conversion of our
reactants by using conductivity meter in the reactor which the reaction
takes place which is a CSTR reactor.
Introduction:
In our experiment a reaction takes place between two reactants in a
CSTR reactor, first reactant is the strong base (NaOH) and second
reactant is the weak Acid which is (CH3CO2CH2CH3) to produce
(CH3COONa) and (CH3CH2OH) and water.
But since one of reactant is weak (CH3CO2CH2CH3) this means our
reactants won't fully react and convert into our product which means we
don't have a 100% conversion like we have between two strong
reactants.
So, in order to find conversion, we have to divide the concentration of
the reactants reacted by the concentration of the reactant in our reactor
as the term of conversion suggests.
In order to find concentration, we use conductivity meter which
measures the amount of free ions in our reactor.
This way can find conductivity to find concentration which gives us the
key to find conversion.

4. 4
Tools:
o CSTR reactor:
Our CSTR reactor is continuous and we add the reactants together
continuously. Before the reactants run out, we read the (λ) ،And
we read the (T) . Our reactor has a capacity of one liter ، and has a
thermometer ، and has a vent valve.

5. 5
o Conductivity meter:
Is a tool to measure the amount of free ions in a liquid or solution
which uses a small amount of electricity to use how much ions will
carry the charge.

6. 6
o service unit:
Our service unit for this experience holds the both of the tanks of
both reactants, and the pumps which is needed for each tank to the
inlet of the reactor.

7. 7
o Control unit:
For this experiment the control unit provides power and electricity
to our reactor But not the conductivity meter because it works on
its own.
o Tank:
The tank provide store service to our reactant before being added
to our reactor, which is located in unit service.

8. 8
o Pumps:
The pumps are our helpful tool which add our reactants to the
reactor, which is located in unit service but is controlled in and
turned on and off in control unit.

9. 9
Procedure:
1.Temperature sensor Ts.4/on T=18: reaction Dane isothermally.
2. stirrer A A1 on
3. Flow rate: on both reactants should inter in The reactor at The same
Flow rate Conversion is not Function of Flow rate in This experiment
4. vent valve: It is opened when the reactants. reach The level needs to
be closed.
5. The level adjust into another tank over Flow draining it.
6. when continuously adjusting level occurred Conductivity is read when
It becomes constant in The conductivity meter.

10. 10
Calculation:

11. 11
Discussion:
Sntia louay
Discussion:
What is a continuous stirred tank reactor?
(CSTR) is a type of chemical reactor that is widely used in industrial processes to
produce chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other products.
Is concentration constant in a CSTR?
The essential idea involved in the operation of a CSTR is that, after the passage of
sufficient time, the concentrations of the various species present in the reactor
become constant.
How does conductivity relate to the degree of conversion of the reactants?
The conductivity of the reaction mixture changes with conversion
What is the relationship between conductivity and concentration?
concentration and conductivity are directly proportional to each other.
Is conversion dependent on temperature in this experiment of CSTR?
CSTR reactor are good in temperature control if the process is not isothermal but
in our experiment the temperature was constant T=18 thus the conversion was not
a function of temperature.

12. 12
Ara Fakher
What are the conditions for CSTR?
The assumptions made for the ideal CSTR are:
1. Composition and temperature are uniform everywhere in the tank
2. The effluent composition is the same as that in the tank
3. The tank operates at steady state.
Why creating a certain level is important in a CSTR?
Creating a certain level in a CSTR is important to maintain a level that provides
enough reaction time for a given production rate.
How can we improve mixing in reactor?
Increasing the Reynolds number improves mixing and therefore reaction rate,
decreasing the residence time required to obtain a desired conversion.
Why is the speed of the stirrer important in CSTR?
It affects the degree of mixing and the reaction rate of the reactants and products.
A well-stirred reactor ensures that the contents of the reactor are homogeneous and
free of concentration and temperature gradients.
What is the use of the vent in CSTR?
The vent in CSTR is used to release the excess gas or vapor that may be generated
during the reaction or due to the heating or cooling of the reactor. The vent also
helps to prevent the build-up of pressure inside the reactor, which could cause
damage or explosion.

13. 13
Amirjan’s discussion
What’s the aim of this experiment?
The aim is to determine the conversion of a particular design of CSTR reactor and
its efficiency.
What are the potential errors that could arise during the experiment?
Since we use conductivity coefficients as our parameters to measure conversion,
there could be minimal to significant errors, such as non-uniform mixing of the
reactants inside the reactor, which leads to inconsistent measurements for
conductivity values. Another error could arise due to not waiting long enough
when recording the conductivity value.
Why is the vent valve closed when the level of the reactants reach that of the outlet
tube?
The vent valve is closed in order to keep the level of the reactants constant inside
the reactor. This happens because the pressure inside the reactor will increase due
to rising of the level of the reactants, this increase in pressure causes the air inside
the reactor press back and both the air and the reactants will reach a state of
equilibrium in which the total pressure will remain constant and the outlet stream
flow rate will remain constant as long as there isn’t any variations in the inlet
stream flow rate.

14. 14
Name : Huda Jihangeer Ramadhan
What is CSTR ?
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor is a type of chemical reactor that is widely used
in industrial processes to produce chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and other products
Why the tank of reactant it must not empty ?
Because if all reactant become product and the tank become empty it will be batch
rector
Is the flow rate of the base different from the acid ?
No the flow rate of each reactant must be equal because it's continuous and
reactant must inter the reactor in the same time and same flow rate
Why the valve closed ?
To keep the liquid at a stable level
What is relation between the conductivity and conversion ?
Inversely proportional , when conductivity decrease mean there are less ions in the
reactor , more reactant changed to product and conversion increase
What is relation between conversion and CA ?
Inversely proportional.

15. 15
Hana kamal abdullah
o What is the abbreviation CSTR ?
Continuous stirrer tank reactor.
o CSTR :
o is a widely used type of chemical reactor in which Reactants are
continuously fed into the reactor and the products are continuously removed.
The reactor is well-mixed, meaning that the composition of the reactants and
products is uniform throughout the reactor. This makes CSTRs relatively
simple to design and operate, and they are often used for reactions that are
slow or have a low yield.
o We have a tank with a coil used to control the temperature of our reactants
with the help of water bath but we did not use it in our experiment.
o There is an overflow pipe with a vent valve on top. When we input our
reactants, we open the vent valve and when the level reaches the overflow
pipe, we close the vent valve to have a stable input and output and create
pressure for the reactants.
o It contains a stirrer to mix the reactants and it is very important to know how
many rpm it rotates per minute.
o Again, as a batch reactor, we use the following rules to find convergence,
which is only one convergence ٫ we use a (λ◦) and (𝜆∞) batch reactor.
𝐶𝐴 / 𝐶𝐴0 = (λ − 𝜆∞) /( λ◦ − 𝜆∞)
X= (CA◦ –CA) / CA◦

16. 16
Reference:
o (Levenspiel, Octave. Chemical reaction engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 1999)
(GoogleBooks:https://books.google.com/books/about/Chemical_Reaction_Engineering.html?id
=vw48EAAAQB
WorldCat: https://scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1447871
HathiTrust: https://chembugs.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/chemical-reaction-engineering-by-
octave-levenspiel01.pdf)
o (Smith, J. M., & Van Ness, H. C. (2007). Chemical reaction)
(Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Elements-Chemical-Reaction-Engineering-
International/dp/0133887510
University of Michigan: https://websites.umich.edu/~elements/6e/web_mod/index.html)