ReactionEngineering ReactorDesign ReactionEngineering ReactorLaboratory

1. Koya University
Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
3rd Stage (2021-2022)
Reactor Laboratory
Lab Report
Number of Experiment: 4
Experiment Name:
(CSTR in Series) - Conversion Test
Experiment Date: 20/10/2021
Submitted on: 27/10/2021
Instructor: Mr. Ahmed Abdulkareem Ahmed
Group: A1
Prepared by:
Safeen Yaseen Jafar
Ahmed Mamand Aziz
Rivan Dler Ali
Ramazan Shkur Kakl
Rokan Mohammad Omer
Ibrahim Ali

2. Table of Content
Aim of Experiment......................................................................................................................................1
Procedure.....................................................................................................................................................2
Tools and Apparatus...................................................................................................................................4
Table of Reading .........................................................................................................................................6
Calculation...................................................................................................................................................7
Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................14

3. 1
1. Aim of Experiment
- The aim of this experiment is to find out the performance of continuously
stirred tank reactor for the reaction of NaOH and Ethyl acetate in Series
method.

4. 2
2. Procedure
Preparing reactant for the test:
1. Prepare 1 L and 0.05 M of NaOH solution. Then prepare 1 L and 0.05 M of
CH3COOC2H5 solution .
2. First of all, in the service units close all valve if open. After that put the bottles in specific
places in service unit. And be careful to that the pipes and valves are connected as well.
3. Turn on the switch control box (power supply).
4. This experiment operates in the room temperature (at 27 oC).
5. Set the limited flow rate of the reagents before run the steps.
6. Combine more than 1 CSTR (here are we use three similar of CSTR) together to make a
CSTR in series.
Procedure Steps:
7. Take the reactants from their containers (bottles to the first).
8. We fill the reactor by both reactant liquids and the flow rate should be limited at both
flow meters in the control box.
9. Switch on the stirrer from the power supply box.
10. Turn on the conductivity meter (which connected firstly to the reactor).
11.When the reactor 1 is filled, the output is change to feed for the next reactor (second
reactor), and also, same thing as continuously for next reactor (third reactor).
12. The conductivity measurements (Conductivity Meter or Sensor) should be recorded
while change of the conductivity reach the constant value (approximately all values equal
together). The readings should be taken at every 10 second.
shutdown procedure
13. At the end of the experiment, turn off the pumps and stirrer from the main control box.
14. Turn off the power of control interface box.
15. Reactants should be removed from both reactant containers 1 and 2. also, the solutions
should be put in their places for the next experiment. Finally drain liquids that remain in

5. 3
the reactors (all liquids settle out by gravity because we make a space and different
elevation between the CSTR’s).

6. 4
3. Tools and Apparatus
Figure 2: Service Unit - Back
Part
Figure 1: Service Unit - Front Part
1
2
4
3
5
6
7
Figure 3: Control Unit
8
10
11
12
Figure 4: CSTR Reactors in series

7. 5
Service Unit, control unit and its parts:
1. Water Bath: is the tank which contain water it used for control temperature of reactants.
2. Water Bath temperature switch button and controllers: to select the temperature and
change in it.
3. Reactant Container 1: For storage reactant 1.
4. Reactant Container 2: For storage reactant 2.
5. Water Pump AB-1: it used for pumping water.
6. Pump AB-2: It used for pump the reactor 1.
7. Pump AB-3: It used for pump the reactor 2.
8. Pump AB-1 on/off button: It used for switch on or switch of pump AB-1.
9. Power Button: Used to turn on control unit.
10. Temperature Display: For displaying the temperatures
11. Temperature Sensor: for record temperature.
12. Speed Controller: For control the velocity of reactant.
13. Sensor Selector: it used for select the temperature sensor that you want.
CSTR part (with another CSTR to become a series):
1. Three CSTR: combined together in series.
2. Coil: for control the temperature of the reaction.
3. Conductivity Sensor: for record the conductivity.
4. Temperature sensor: to read or record the temperature of the reaction.
5. Vessel: it is the closed tank that contain reactants and the reaction happen in it.
6. Stirrer: for mix the reactants and make a collision for reactants.
7. Overflow valve: to out the solution to another reactor during the reaction.
8. Drain valve: to empty the vessel at the end of experiment.

8. 6
4. Table of Reading
Reactors Time (s) Conductivity or 𝛌 (mS)
Reactor 1
0 5.66
10 5.63
20 5.62
30 5.63
40 5.51
Reactor 2
0 5.71
10 5.68
20 5.68
30 5.69
40 5.63
50 5.65
60 5.65
70 5.65
80 5.5
Reactor 3
0 5.3
10 5.23
20 5.22
30 5.22
40 5.19
50 5.2
60 5.2
70 5.17
80 5.16
90 5.17
100 5.17
110 5.15
120 5.1
* These data recorded under room temperature (27 o
C)

9. 7
5. Calculations and Results
Concentration calculated by this equation:
𝐶𝐴
𝐶𝐴𝑜
=
λo− λ
λo− λ∞
Conversion calculated by this equation: X =
CAo− CA
CAo
For Reactor 1:
Time (sec) Conductivity (mS) Concentration Conversion
0 5.66 0.05 0
10 5.63 0.01 0.8
20 5.62 0.013333333 0.733333333
30 5.63 0.01 0.8
40 5.51 0.05 0
* This experiment is under the room condition (27 o
C).
5.5
5.52
5.54
5.56
5.58
5.6
5.62
5.64
5.66
5.68
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Conductivity
in
(mS)
Time in (Sec)
Conductivity VS Time

10. 8
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Concentration
in
M
Time in Sec
Concentration VS Time
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Conversion
Ratio
Time in (Sec)
Conversion vs Time

11. 9
For Reactor 2:
Time (sec) Conductivity (mS) Concentration Conversion
0 5.71 0.05 0
10 5.68 0.007142857 0.857142857
20 5.68 0.007142857 0.857142857
30 5.69 0.004761905 0.904761905
40 5.63 0.019047619 0.619047619
50 5.65 0.014285714 0.714285714
60 5.65 0.014285714 0.714285714
70 5.65 0.014285714 0.714285714
80 5.5 0.05 0
5.45
5.5
5.55
5.6
5.65
5.7
5.75
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Conductivity
in
(mS)
Time in (Sec)
Conductivity VS Time

12. 10
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Concentration
in
M
Time in Sec
Concentration VS Time
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Axis
Title
Axis Title
Conversion vs Time

13. 11
For Reactor 3:
Time (sec) Conductivity (mS) Concentration Conversion
0 5.3 0.05 0
10 5.23 0.0175 0.65
20 5.22 0.02 0.6
30 5.22 0.02 0.6
40 5.19 0.0275 0.45
50 5.2 0.025 0.5
60 5.2 0.025 0.5
70 5.17 0.0325 0.35
80 5.16 0.035 0.3
90 5.17 0.0325 0.35
100 5.17 0.0325 0.35
110 5.15 0.0375 0.25
120 5.1 0.05 0
5.05
5.1
5.15
5.2
5.25
5.3
5.35
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Axis
Title
Time in Sec
Conductivity vs Time

14. 12
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Concentration
in
M
Time in Sec
Concentration vs Time
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Conversion
Ratio
Time in Sec
Conversion vs Time

15. 13

16. 14
6. Discussion
Discussion – Safeen Yaseen Ja’far
This discussion In the CSTR in Series experiment is different from previous
exp. because in previous experiment we have one CSTR, one input and one output
continuously feeds enter it. But here are we have three similar of CSTR which
combined together by series. This combination gives us more conversion rate at the
end (increase in final conversion) as we can see in the charts of the (conversion vs
time). Also, another different is that in this experiment our reactants fill the first
reactor until third reactor.
While this continuously entering the feeds to the reactors we should know that
when the level of reactants (liquid) reaches the overflow valve it passes the
reactor 1 and go to reactor 2. In the reactor two we need to look carefully the level
of liquid because if the level of liquid reaches the Conductivity sensor, we need to
remove the sensor from reactor 1 and connect it to reactor 2 with start recording
the values of conductivity. After that, for passing the liquid from reactor 2 to 3 we
do same thing.
However, relations between conductivity, concentration and conversion with
time may different than previous exp. Because feeds continuously enter the reactors
and out. So, if you see datas and charts you feel that. But in the reactor 3 (3rd
reactor) we see that the values of conductivities of third CSTR approximately equal
means at that we reached constant value of Conductivity and we stop reading or
recording our data.

17. 15
Discussion – Rivan Dler Ali
first, we prepared feed and put it from the bottom of the first CSTR and then
wait till the liquid level reaches the overflow valve then we close the vent valve.
after that start the reading when the time pass conductivity and concentration
decreases but conversion increases, when the concentration decrease conversion
increases, and concentration decrease when the conductivity increases,
conductivity decrease but the conversion increase the relation between them is
vice-versa. after that liquid flow from overflow valve to reactor 2 via hose. same
thing happen in reactor 2 conductivity and concentration decreases but conversion
increases throughout time. When the concentration decreases conversion increases,
and concentration decrease when the conductivity increases, conductivity decrease
but the conversion increases the relation between them is vice-versa. but
conductivity going down a little bit compare to reactor one. after that liquid
reaches overflow valve instantly close the vent valve after that the liquid flow to
reactor 3 by hose. reactor three same thing happen but when liquid reaches
overflow valve then the liquid flow out the system to product tank. the graphs
show the relationship between concentration, conductivity with time is vice-versa
but conversion with time is proportional in all three reactors. at steady-state all
three of them have same conductivity with a little bit of different. this different
caused by gravity.

18. 16
Discussion – Ibrahim Ali
In this experiment we connect three CSTR In the series to understand how
we input the reactant to the first CSTR after react we output the reactant and this
reactant is be the input of the second CSTR and after react in the second CSTR the
output of the second CSTR is be the input of the third CSTR.
In this experiment we connect three CSTR In the series to understand the
change of the conductivity and conversion and concentration and input the reactant
to the first CSTR after react we output the reactant and this reactant is be the input
of the second CSTR and after react in the second CSTR the output of the second
CSTR is be the input of the third CSTR , in the first CSTR the change of the
conductivity and concentration is Reversible with time and conversion with time is
directly change And at second CSTR the same condition of first CSTR is repeat as
the conductivity and concentration is Reversible with time and conversion with
time is directly change and at third CSTR the same condition of first and second
CSTR is repeated

19. 17
Discussion – Ahmed Mamand Aziz
We should be aware that we will be conducting this experiment at a room
temperature of {25°C to 27°C}. The data we collected (on the reaction of NaOH
and CH3COOHC2H5) was collected using the Series technique. And we recorded
some experimental data, and we saw that as time passed, the conductivity
decreased. We were able to find the CONVERSION by using the little low that
was provided in our report. If we look at the graph, we can see the relationship
between (conductivity-conversion) and time, and we can see that the relationship
between (cond. and time) is inverse, which means that conductivity decreases as
time passes. And we know that the relationship between (conversion and time) is
proportional, meaning that conversion will increase when the time will pass. and
the relationship between (concentration and time) is also opposite all of them in the
first reactor. And while the product of the first reactor through to the second
reactor from the first reactor through flow valve, the relationship between (cond.
and time) is opposite, implying that conductivity will decrease as time passes. We
also know that the relationship between (conversion and time) is proportional,
implying that as time passes, conversion will increase. and the relationship
between (concentration and time) is also opposite all of them in the second reactor.
And the same operation would be repeated throughout the product of the 2nd
reactor through to the 3rd reactor from the 2nd reactor over flow valve; however,
the relationship between (cond. and time) is opposite, implying that conductivity
will decrease as time passes. We also know that the relationship between
(conversion and time) is proportional, implying that as time passes, conversion will
increases. and the relationship between (concentration and time) is also opposite all
of them in the third reactor.

20. 18
Discussion – Rokan Mohammad
In this experiment we must be known that we have a room temperature
condition {27°C}. Our data (on the reaction of NaOH and CH3COOHC2H5) in
Series method. And we recorded some value of conductivity according to time, and
we saw that during the time would pass the conductivity would decrease. By using
the little low that written of our report we could found the CONVERSION. If we
see the graph, we will know the relationship between (conductivity-conversion}
both with time, and we know that the relation between (cond. and time) is opposite,
meaning that conductivity will decrease when the time will pass. And we know
that the relationship between (conversion and time) is proportional, meaning that
conversion will increase when the time will pass. and the relationship between
(concentration and time) is also opposite all of them in the first reactor.
And during the product of 1st reactor through to the 2nd reactor from {1st reactor
over flow valve} same procedure that occur again, the relationship between (cond.
and time) is opposite, meaning that conductivity will decrease when the time will
pass. And we know that the relationship between (conversion and time) is
proportional, meaning that conversion will increase when the time will pass. and
the relationship between (concentration and time) is also opposite all of them in the
second reactor.
And during the product of 2nd reactor through to the 3rd reactor from {2nd reactor
over flow valve} same procedure would occur again, the relationship between
(cond. and time) is opposite, meaning that conductivity will decrease when the
time will pass. And we know that the relationship between (conversion and time) is
proportional, meaning that conversion will increase when the time will pass. and
the relationship between (concentration and time) is also opposite all of them in the
third reactor.

21. 19
Discussion – Ramazan Shkur Kakl
We prepared feed and poured it into the first CSTR from the bottom, then
waited until the liquid level reached the overflow valve after that close the vent
valve. After that, begin reading. As time passes, conductivity and concentration
decrease, but conversion increases, conversion increases; and as concentration
decreases, conversion increases; and as conductivity increases, conversion
increases; and as conductivity decrease, conversion decrease; and as concentration
decreases, conversion increases; the relationship between them is vice-versa. The
liquid then flows through a hose from the overflow valve to reactor 2. The similar
process happens in reactor 2, where conductivity and concentration fall with time
while conversion rises. When concentration falls, conversion rises, and when
conductivity rises, conductivity rise but conversion fall; the relationship between
them is reversed. However, as compared to reactor one, conductivity has decreased
somewhat. When the liquid reaches the overflow valve, close the vent valve
immediately, and the liquid will flow to reactor 3 via the hose. The identical
process happens in reactor three, but when the liquid reaches the overflow valve, it
flows out of the system and into the product tank. The plots indicate the connection
between concentration and conductivity with time, although conversion with time
in all three reactors is proportionate. At steady-state, they all have the same
conductivity with a little difference. Gravity is to blame for this difference.